1000000031

P A T

are lhe principal.

the two

Grn,

(he

rpirits

are hurried

~ith

too great vivacilY;

whereas,

in fear or

drcad,

they

are is

were curbed and concentrated : ""hroce we may

eondude, that they have a very bad elf<él upon health ;

and (herefare

will be beH !o keep them \\Iilhín bounds

as much as poffible, and

preferve

inward {erenity.

c¡¡,lmne[s, and tranquillity.

PASS IONS. in painting, are lhe external expreffions of lhe

dilf<rent diCpofitions and alfeél:on, of the mind : but par–

ticularly lhéir difFerent effeéts upon the fevera! (catures

of tbe faee:

fo~

though lhe arms, and indeed every pare

of the body, Cerve likewiCe, by tbeir quiek, languid, aod

varioufly diyerúfied motioos,

exprefs the pallioos of

,he foul; yet, in paioting, lhis diEference is mall COD-.

(picuous

lhe raee.

In forrow,

joy,

lave, fharne, aDd compafTion,

the eyes

fwell all of • Cuddeo, are eovered with a Cuperabuodant

moifiure, aod drop tears; and in grief erpeeially, the

eornen of the mouth haog down, the eye.lids are balf

lbut, , od the pupil of the eye i. elevated and half eover–

ed ; aod

,11

the other muCdes of the faee are rel.xed.

fo that'the viCage appears longer lhao ordinary.

In fear, terror, fright, and horror, the eye-brows are

greatly e1evated; tbe eye lids are expanded as wide a.

pofli ble,

as to diCeover the white of lhe eye; and the

pupil is deprdTed, . nd halC eovered by the lower eye-lid ;

tbe hair fiands an end; the mouth is at tbe fame time

wide open; and the lip.

Co '

far drawn baek, thar tbe

teeti> both of the upper and under iaw appear.

Contempt is exprelTed by raiflog one Gde of the upper

lip,

as tO diCeover tbe ,eeth, whiHl the other fide

has a movemeot like that

laughter; the eye, on that

fide where lhe teeth appe.r, is balf lbut, whilCl the othe r

remain! opeo ; however, both the popils are

deprelr~d .

jeaJoufy,

c:nvy,

hatred, aod maliee, the eye·brows

are knit; and, in lauglHer, aJl

(he

parts agree, tending

it w:re towards the centre of the face .

PA SSIOH,

or crofr oí the

PASSlOH, in heraldry, i,

eall_

ed, beeaure reCembling · the Ihape of tI"'t on whieh our

Sav;our is

(~ought

to have fuffered; that ¡s, not crolfed

in tlje middle, but a Iiule below lhe tOP, with arms Ihort

in proportion tO the length of the IhafL See plate

CXXXIV. fig .

12 .

PASSIOW-FLOWER. , in botany . See PASSlfLOkA .

PASSl qH .WEEK, the week irnmediately preeeding the feCli–

val of E aller:

ealled, becauCe,in that week out Sa–

viour's pallion and death happened.

T he T hurCday of this week i. ealled MaundayT hurC–

day; the Frid.y, Good Friday; and the Saturdq, the

great

Sab~ath.

P ASSIVE, in general, denotes Comething that Cu!fers the

aétioo of another c111eJ an agent or aéli, e powe r.

grammar, the verb or word.that exprtlfcs this p.dTion,

termed a paffive verb: whicn, in the learned languages,

has

peculiar

t~rOlinatíon.

aNlor, doceor,

&c. in Latin.

PASS IVE

TITLE.

in 5co15

law.

5ee

LAW,

Tit. xxvii .

30.

PASSOVER, a Colemn fellival of ,he Jews, eelebrated on

tbe fOUrteenlh day of the month ne"t arter the vernal e–

quinox. aad inllitu ted in commemorHion of their coming

oot of Egypt; beeauCe on ,he nigh t before their depar–

lure the del1roying .ngel, who put tO death the firn boro

of the Egyptian., palTcd over the houCes of the H cbrews,

wbich

IVerc

Cprir.~J.d

Wilb

:hc blc,t: of

lar.lb

. Tho whole

P A T

tranfa{tion

rc}¡lted in the twelfth cllriptC:l' o(

F.)(")C~113.

P ASS P AROL E, a eommand gi""n at lho hc,d of .n ar–

my,

and thence cornmunicated tO thc rear

pilffing

from mouth to mout h.

PASS-PORT, Or

P A SS,

lieence or writing obtained from

prince or governor, granting liberty

and

f4fe conduét

to pafs through his territories without molelh.tion .

P ASTEBOARD, • kind of thick paper Cormed of Cever.l

Ihee.. of paper palled togelher.

The ehief ure of paCleboard i, in bindiog books, making

Jetter·cafes,

&c.

P ASTERN

Dí

a horft,

io the maoege, is the diClanee be–

tWe~D

the jojot next the foot. and the coronet ofthe hoof.

This part Ihould be Ihort, elpeeiallyin middle.fized horCes,

beeaufe long paneros are weak, and canoo( fa well endu re

travelliog.

PAs'rERN-JO INT, the joint Dext

horfe's foot .

FASTIL, or PASTEL, among paioters,

kind

pane

made

different coloura, ground up with gum-water,

order tO make erayons

PAS T IL, in pharmaey, is. dry eompofition of Cweet-Cmell–

ing reGns,

aroma tic

woods,

&c.

fometimes burot tO clear

and fcent the air of

chamber.

P ASTI NACA, in botany, "genus of the pentaod ria digy–

nia clafs. The fruit i. elliptieal, and eomprclTed. There

are t\Yo

fpeci~s,

none of them natives of Britain;

hile

the

(¡ti

va,

or parfnep, is cultivated in gardeos for

(be

Cake of

its

root , which

ufe as food.

PASTORAL, in general, Comething that relates tO Ihep–

herds; hence \IIe

pafioral lifc, manners, poetry.

oc.

The origi. al of poetry is aCeribed tO that age whien

fu eeeeded lhe creation of the world : and as lhe keepiog

of ftoeks Ceems tO have been the firCl emplo)'ment of man–

kind, the moCl aneient

COrt

of poetry was, probably, paC–

toral.

is natural tOimagine, that tbe leifure of thore

ancient fheph erds admitting and inviting fome diverfion.

Done was

proper lO that fol itary and Cedentary life as

fioging

and that in their fongs they took occafion to ce–

lebrate their own

f~1ieity .

From hence a poem

\Vas in–

vented, and aftc:rwards improved tO a perCeét imagc of

thar happy time; whieh, by giving

u....

an eUcem for th.

virtues of a former age, might recommend them to (he

preCent. Aod finee the life of Iheph _.ds was attended

with more tranquillity than any other rural employment,

the

poeu chofe tO ¡nlroduee their perCon" from whom

received the name of P ,tilora/.

A panoral is an imitation of the aaion of a Ihepherd,

or one eonfidered under that eharaéler. The

Corm

of this

imitation

drama tic,

or narrative, or mixed

with

both;

(he

{able

fimple;

the manoers not too

poli te,

nor

too ru(He; the th(lughts are

plJ.in

yet admit

a liule

q uicknef. and p.llion, but thal OlOrt and flowing; the

expreQion humble, yet

pure as (he I. nguage wllI a!ford;

neal, but not floriJ; eafy, anJ yet livel)' . I n Ihort, the

fable, manners, thoughlS, and expreilions, '.re full of the

groateCl fimpliei ty in nature .

The eomplete charaae r of this poem confin, in fimpli–

lity, brevity, and delicacy; the tWO fidl of ,,'hieh rcnder

an eclogue natural, and lhe laCl delightfol.

P ASTRY, that branch of eookery, whieh is ehiefly tlken

up in making pies. panies, cake"

Oc.

PASTURE, orPAsTuu·LANO, tb.. reCerl'cdforfeeding

call1e.

P.ú!uro• .