530 / 868
P A U
PATIlON ,
in Scots law.
SecLAw,
Tit.
v.
S.
PI\TRONAGE, the right of difpoling. ehureh orbene"ce,
and enjoying (everal other privdeges, fuch
3!
having
l h e
honollrabl~
rights of [he church, being ¡aterred in the
chancd,
ec.
AI1JJJ
'!l
PAT"ONACE,
in hcra1dry, are (hoCe on
che cap
of \Vhich are fome Olarks of fubjeétlon and dependaoce :
thus che
city
of Pari,
bcars
lhe
fh:urs
de-Jis in
chic(,
~o
Cht:w hcr fubjeD.ion
lO
lhe king ; aod lhe
cardioal,
on the
lOp
of
lheir arms,
bear choCe
of lhe pope, who gave
them
lhe hjU.
la
f'hew th al
thc:y
¡re his
crC;Ul1res.
PATRONYMIC, among gramm..i'n" is applied to fu eh
Dame! of men
and
womcn as are
dertved
(rom
thofe
of
parents ar anedlars.
PAVETTA,
in
honoy, a
genus
of the
tetrandria mono–
gyoi. cI,f., The eorolla eonfifls of ol1e funoeLO"ped pe_
tal ;
lhe:
Itylus is crooked; ;¡nd
t1~ e
berry cont.lins one
rced. There is but
one
rpecies.
a
native of
J
r.JIa..
PAVIA , a eity ofl,a!y, in the duehy of Mil.n, eapitalof
t~e P~veran.
the Cee of
a
bifhop, and univer[ity¡ fituated
in E , long, 9° 40" and
N ,
lat. 4So IS'.
PAVIA .
in
bou.ny. See
1ESCULUS .
PAULIONISTS, in ehureh-hl(lory, Chri(lian heretic. of
the IlId century, difeiples of Poul Samofatenfi, b,fltOp
of Antíoch. who clcnied Chri(l's divinity. maintaining
tllílt when we
t aH
hi01 the Son o( G od. we do not there–
by mean tha, he is real/y and "uly Cod; but only ,ha.
he \'las (o perfeét aman. and fo fuperi or in virtue
10
aJl
o,hers, tha. he had thi. name given him by way of e–
minence.
PAULICIANS, ChriAi, " hereti" of th. VlIth ten'Urr,
dlfciples of one Con(l:antine.
a
D3live of Armenia. and
a
favourer of the errors 'of 1\1an(5; who.
as lhe
name
Ma.
Dichees was became odious to.1I nat ion!.
fave
thoCe of
his rea the title of P aulieiao., on preteote Ihal they fol–
lowed only the doélrine of St Paul.
PAULTNIA, in bútany, a genu. of Ihe oéhndria trigy–
nia c/ar._ The- ealix eonfifls of four
I..
ves, ,h e eo,",II_
of (our petals. and the neélarium of foUl' unequal Jeaves ;
it
has three'comprerfc:d, membranaceous capCules. There
are feven fpc:cies, none of
(helO
natives of Britain.
PAVO, in ornithology, a genus belonging tO Ihe order of
g,lIinz. The heaJ i. eovered wi,h feathe.. whieh bend
b.ekward.: aod Ihe fealhe.. of Ihe tail are very
lo.ng,
and beau,ifully
v..
iegated with eyes of diff«enl eolours,
Thcre are three fpecies.
viz.
1.
"fh e crifialUS,
or
com o
mon peaeoek of EngliCh a.,hors, has a eompren'ed eren,
and roli,ary fpun, and is a nalive of Ceylon_
2 .
The bi–
c.le.ratus, has afma" ere(l, and doubl< fpu,,:
J,
i. a
Dative of China.
!. The
mUlicu5, ha5 a
01arp
pOlnted
cre(l, and no fpun, and Ihe-orbits of ,he eyes are red.
1,
i, founJ io. J .pan_
PAVO,
in
al1ronomy. 8 ee
ASTRONOMV,
p.
487 .
PAURAEDRASTYLJE, in natural hiflory. the
n.meof
a ¡¡enu. of perfcél erylhl., wi,h double pyramid., and
no inlermcdiale eolumn, compofed
of
lwelve planes"
or
''''0
hex.ngular pyraOlid., joincd bafe to baCe-
PAUSANl't\, in Creciao ontiquity, a fellival. in whieh
wcre folemn games, wherein nOQody contended but free–
born Spanans; in honour of Paufanias, the Spanan ge ..
ner.d.• under whole conduél rhe Greeks ovcrcame
1'.1ar..
donius,
in
the
famou s
balde at
PlcHe:!:.
P t\USE, a fl op
Cor
etlf.tion of fp.aki'ng, Iin¡¡iDll' play ing,
VOL,
111. N °, 83,
~
r
E A
or Ihc Jike. T he ure of pointing in grammar, is to
m~ke
proper pauCes, in cenain placts. ,..'here is
a
pi Ure in the
nuddle of cach ver[e; in 3n hemiflich it
i~
c.,lIed a ren
or repoCe.
PAW, in Ihe men'ge, A horfe i. raid fD paw the Arouod,
",hen his leg, being either tired or painful, he docs
noc
Tell
it
u~on
the ground. and feara
lO
hurt himfelf
6$
he
walk•.
PEA, in botany, Seo PtSu ,,,
PEAC/-f, in botany. Se< A>tVDALUS,
P EA'CüCI(, in ornithology. See PAVO ,
PEAK,
a rocky mountainous country in the
wefl
of
Dú~
byfhire, remarkabJe for i15 mines
o(
lead
and
iron,
&c.
PEl\N,
in heraldry. is when
'lie
6eld of
a
coat of
.~nlS
il
f,tble, and the powderings
C)f_
PEAR, in botany. Se< PVRU'.
PEI\RCH, in ochthyology. See PHCA .
PEAR. CH - C L UE,
the name ofa
klOd
or glue ofremark"ble
arength and purity.
nl1d~
(rom lbe (km5 of pt.archl 5.
PEARL, in natu<dl h,llory, a hard, white. Ihining body,
ufual/y rouodiOt, found iD
a
tellaceou.
!iO,
refembling
aA
oyller,
p<.rI., thou&h eAeemed of the number of gem. by
our j !wellers, and highly valued, not only al thls time,
bu t In all ages, proceed ooly from a
dinem~r
in tbe cna–
ture that product.s them, analogous (O the bez,oars, and
oth er ftooy concretioos ln feveral anil)1als of other
k:o(b.
The
61h
in which thele ¡re ufu.I/y produced i. the
Eall_Indiao
pearl-oy(l~r,
as it is eommonly eal/ed . Be–
tides this fhell, th(re are many orher3 that are found ro
produce pearls;
as
the conlmon oyAer,
the
Olurcle~
agd
reveral others ; the pearls of which are ofteo very good ;
bu( thofe of lhe true Indian berberi, or pearl-oyfier, ar!!
in general ruperior
10
al/. The fmall or feed- peatls,
.1-
fo eal/ed ounce-pearl., from thei r being fold by the ounee,
and
Ool
by tale, are vaftly the mofl nUmerO\l5 and com–
mon; but as in di"monds, amang lhe multitudes
of
fmall
oncs, there are fmaller numbas of juger found, fo in
pl!arls there are Jarger and larger kinch; but as th ey in_
creare
in
(ize, they are proponionably Irfs frequent, anti
this is one r(a[on of their great priee .
We
have Scotch
pearh frequently as big as " liule tare, fome .as blg as
a
large pea, and fome few o( ,he h e of a horfe-bean ; but
,hele are ufually of abad Oupe, and of little value in pro–
portion
10
Iheir wdgh,. P hili p
n,
of Spain, h.d a peorl
perfeél in its Chape and eolour, aod of the fize of. pi–
geon's .gg_ The finell, and whal
í.
called the tr\le Ol>pe
of th< pearl, i. a rerfeél round : bUI if pearl. of a eon–
liderable
(ize
are of
lhe
Olape
of
a
pea r, as is nOl un fre ..
qu~ndy
lhe cafe, they are not lefs valLled, as (hey [UV!!
(or ear-rings and othcr orname:1ts. T heír eolour
ou~l: ~
to be
ti
pure white. and that not
a
dead and hfcltfs. but
a clcar .nd bnl/ianl one; they mull be perf.élly free from
any (oulnefs, fpot or Oain; and lhei r furfaces muH he
na~
tu,"I/y fmootb and glt>lfy, (or thoybring Iheir na,u,.1 ro–
Jilh Wilh them. which art is not able tO improve
AII pearl. are formed of Ihe malter of the Chell, anJ
coofi(l",f a nuotbe< of eoa15 fpread wÍlh perfeél reg\llarily
ooe over another, in lhe nldnner of tht (everal e03ts of
.n onion , or like the fev",,1 Ilrata of the flonea (ounJ iu
the
b:add~rs
or Ooiharhs
o(
animak-, only much .thinnc:r.
il'lonner o.r fi/l!ing .ror
,PF
A
RL'
in Ihe E«/l-lndio .
Th=
., e two fearons for pcarl:Jjlhing: the
liill
is
,n
11.rch and
6 A
t
""l'ril,