1000000031

P ·E A

April, . nd the

1.11

in Augufl .ni

Scp,emb~r;

.nd ,he

more rol;n th:.!re f.tlls

the year, lhe more

plentitul

are

, heCe filherics.

the bc!ginning of

lhe

fe~Jon

there are

fometimes

t wa

hund red and

{ifty

b,uks

lhe

hanks; lhe

lars~er

barks hol.ving two divers, and

die

fmalll!r ooe.' As

foon as ,he barks arrive

the pltlCC where rhe

fifh

he,

and have caH anchor, eaeh diver binds a Hone tix

ches

lhick, and a

FoOl

long,

under his body; which

[erves

)ltm

as b.tllafl, prevenu his being driveo away

lhe

mOtiDo

of lhe water,

and e"ables

him lO

walk

more

Headily

un.

eler lhe wavcs.

They

al(o

tie another very heavy Hone

one

(001,

which they are very fpeeddy

[enl 10 lhe

bonom of ,he fea: and as .he oylle" >re

ufu.Uy

firmly

(anened

lO lhe

rocks, they arm their hands

Wl1j)

le,uher

minen! tO preven[ their being wounded in pulling .hem

violently off

buc chis tan<. fome perform with

:lO-

lron~

nke. In the

1,,11:

place, each cllver carries clown with

him a

large oet in the m3nner of

fack, ticd to

his

neck

by a long eord , ,he o.her end of which is fallened to ,he

C.de

of th< b.,k. This ne' is.o huid .he oyflers gather–

cd (rom the rock, and the cord

to pul! up the dtver

when his

ba~

full or he

wams

a¡r. _

In .hi.

equip.ge

he fome,imes precipitares himfd f fi,,–

feet under water. aocl as he has no time to lofe, he

no fooner ,arri ves at the bonom, thilo he begins

run

(rom fide 'o fide tearing up all the oyl!ers he meets wi.h,

and cramming them into his budger.

.(\t

whatever

dept~

the diven are, the light is fa gre:u,

that .hey eafily ree whatever parres in ,he fea: and 'o

their great coollernation

fome times

pereeive monílrous

fi!hes, from wbich all ,hei r addrefs in mudding the

W d–

ler,

oc.

will not always fal'e thern, bu, they unhappily

l¡ecome ,heir prey: and of all ,he dangers of the fifhery,

, his i. one of

.h~

greatell and mol! ufua l. Th. bell di–

Ten will keep under water nearhalf an hour. and Ihe reH

do not (lay lefs than a C)u3rter. D uring this time they

hold their breat h wirhout the ure o( oils, or any olher

liquo,,;

001

acquiring .he habi, by long prac1iee. When

,hey find themfel... Ilraighrened, they pull the rope to

whieh ,he bag is faflened, aod hold fafl by i, with both

hands

when thoCe io Ihe bark, taking lhe Cignal. heave

them up into the "air, and unload them orlheir

firh,

which

is fOnletimes five hundred oyllers, and fometimes'not a.

bove fifty. Sorne of the divers need a

mom~nt's

rerpite

lO reco\'er breath

others jump in again inClantly,

con~

tinuilTJ; this violent exercife w¡"lhout intermiffion for feve.

131

hours.

On the fhore they unload ,heir barks; aocl lay .hei r

oyllers in an infini te number of I1nle pitS dug in .he fand

Eour or five feet rquare ; raiCing heaps of fand OTer Ihem

the height of aman; and in 1bis condition they are

Id.,

,ill the rain, wind. and fun have obliged ,he", 'o

open, which foon kili. ,hem: "pon tltis .he f1<ih rotS and

dries, and the pearls, thus

dirtng~ged,

fal! into the pi"

Iheir taking out the fhdls. Aft<r clearing ,he pi.. of

,he grorrer filth, .hey

r.ft

the fand feveral time. in order

find lhe pearl : but whatever eare they take, they

al~

ways Jofe a great many.

her

cleanit1~

and drying lhe

pearl., .hey are p.!fed .hrough a kind of fi<ve, according

lO ,heir fi2e.; the fmallcfl are ,hen rold a. f..d-pe.rls,

I nu the reCl pu, up to auélion, and luid 'o the highefl

biddcr.

Artiji<ial

PE¿U., are made

reduoiog [«d·pearls to a

E D

p3tle,

means of

:¡,

chemic,¡j preparation c::.lIcd

m~ rea·

rial water, makinc the

bcad~

fil ver·mould" boring

them with

hog's brdUe, and dryiog them

In a

clored

gl .•fs in the fun.

13eads, in imilation of pear!s. are alfo made of wax,

.,.nd covered wilh the fC

:f.Ie!

s of feveral.kmds of fi!he"

MJ(h~r

PEARL,

is lhe (heH , nOI of the p":HI·oyller, but

of ano.her fe. -filh of ,he oyller-kind. T his 0,,11

,he

inCide is extrernely fmooth, and of lhe whilenefs

and

ter of pc:ul ¡tfelf

and

has the rame lull re ..on lhe OUt·

fide, after the firn lamin:!: or (cales

he'!o c1ened off

wi,h-aquafoni. a

0<1

'he.lapidaries milI. Mo,¡'cr of pearl

is ufed in inlaid works, and in

fuc:nl

10ys, as fnuff.

boxes,

&c.

PEARe-ISLANo" feveral fm.1I iO.nds fituBted in .he bay

of P,noma :

'V.

loog.

8 1°.

and be.ween

7°

aod

9°

nonh lar.

P EAT, a kind o( 'urf ufed for fuel in feveral countri••.

P EBBLES, ,he n. me of a genus of fofli l., diUinguifhd

(rom

lhe

Aints and homochroa

by-

their having

a v;¡rirty

of colours.

Thef~

ue defined 'o be Oooe" eompofed o(

a cryltalline mattc:r,

debilre~

by earths of various kinds"

in the! fAme Cpecies, and then fu bjeEt to velnS, clouds,.

and other varieg:uions

ofually forrned

incru(l.aions

round a' central

nucl(u~,

bUl (ometimes lhe

tfft!ét

of a

fimpJe concretion, "nd

veined

like (he agares, by (he dir.

potitioo lhe motion of the fluid they were formed in gafe

,heir d,¡r<rently coloured fuba.nces.

P.ECCANT, in medicine, a rerm ufed for Ihofe humo""

of ,he body which offend either by thei, quan,i.y or

quali,y.

PECK, • meaf" re of capaei,y, four of which make a butbel,

PECORA, in natural hiflory, ,he oame of a claf. of qua–

druped~ .

$ee

NATURAL H'S"TORV ,

VECTORAL, an

epi.he

, foÍ" medicine. good for diforden

of .he breafl and lungs.

,PECTORALIS. in aoatomy. Se. ANATOMV, p.

194.

' 95

PECTOR[S os, in ana,omy. See ANATOMV, p.

175·

PECUL IUM, ,he rlock or eflate whiclt a perfon ,in the

power of another, as a nave, may acquire by his

indull~y.

PEDAGOGUE , a ,u,or or maOer, 'o whoru is committed

,he difeipline and direélion of a fcholar .

PEDANT, is ofed for a rough unpoliOl<d man of lene",

who makes an impertinent ufe 'Of the fdences, and abound,

in unCearonabJe ,criticiCms and obCervation"

PEDARIAN, in Roman antiqui.y, Ihofe fena,o" who

fignified their votes by lheir reet, DOt Iheir tongues;.

t~¡t

is, fuch as walked over la the fide of thore whofe

OplOlOD

,hey approvcd of, in di,ilions of the ho"re.

P EDEST AL, in arehi..

~ur

•. S.. "'CH'TECTU".

35 6

P E DICLE, among botaniO•• that pan of a Oalk.

wh.ch

immediately fuflain. ,he

I..

f of a flower or a frulI. and

i. commonly ealled a foot·Oalk.

P E DIC ULARIS, in bOlany, a genu, ofthe d,dynam.aan–

giofpermia clafs. The

e.li"

eoolins of

r.ve

fegments; the

eapfule is fharp-poin,ed, oblique, and h.s

'\vd

cells ; ,nd

the feeds are cO'gered with a tunie. There are 14 fpe–

cies, t\Vo of whieh are natives of Britain,

":Jiz.

the fyl ..

vatica, or COOlmon loufe·worl; and the paJufiris, or madh,

loure" \VOrl.

Thi. plant i, of a coolins and drying oa,ure, ",heoce