1000000031

P E R

m \C

hocHes of

th.is

genus are

(,)HS,

rorm

of pentan ·

gUlilf colulllns,

ter1mna«~d

pentaogu lar

pyr~m¡ds

ílt

or.e

codo :md irrc:gularly ;¡Rixed

ill

[he other

fome

foJicl

body.

PENTAGON, in geom

"y,

a ligure of live lides aud five

anclc~. S~'e ~EOMETIlV.

PENTII GIL-\PH, an inllrumen, whereby dcligna of .ny

kir,d

m,IY

be copied in what

proponion

you

picare,

with·

'out

bein~

Il<i lled in dr;¡wing.

PENrA~ 1

ETER, in aneien, porlr)',

kind of vcrfe eon–

fil~ing

of ¡;ve feet, or

metres;

wheDce the oame.

The ,wo.nra fu, may beeilher daayls oc '-pondees, ae

pleafure; ,he lhird i. al\V.y.

fpoadee, and

,he

,wo

hIt

anapell. •

PENTA!\' DRI!\ . in bOlany. See nOTAn, p.

63).

rENTA PETt\LOUS, a. appelJ.:ion giveD

1I0IVers ,ha,

eonr.1I offive petals or lelVes.

PENTA PETES. in bo,an)', .' genus of ,he mor.oddphia

dec.ndria cI.fs_ The ealix is limpie; ,he eapfule has

fjve cells, cootaining rnany mc.mbraoaceous reeds. There

:lre three (pecies, none of them oatives of Britain.

PENTi\STYLE, il, . rchi,eaure, a building ",herein ,here

are [Ive

ro .....

coJumns.

PENTATEUGH. an appeU2tion

gi.rn

'o Ihe 6ra 6v.

books of ,he Old Teaamenr ,

1Iiz.

Genefis, Exodus, Le–

vltkus,

Numbers, and Demeronomy,

é&.

PENTATHLON, in an,iqui,y, a general name for ¡he ftve

exercifes performed at

~he

Grecian

gamesl

"iz.

wreHling,

boxing, leapinz, runniog. and playing ae ,he difeus.

PENTECOST, a folemn fefiival of ,he Jews, fo e.lled

becauf. ie \Va. eelebrated on ¡he 6r,ieth day aher ,he

fix–

e~co,h

of the monlh Nifan, which

"'as

,he fecood day oE

the

pafTover. See

PA-S 50VER.

The feaa of penle<:ort was inlli,ured in memory of .he

L.w's b.ing given

,he liftie,h day afler .,he lIradi,es

Cl:ne ou' of Egypt_

PENTHORUM. in hotony,

geno. of Ihe

dee.nd

¡ja ptn–

ragyoi. clafs. The-cali" confill. of five fegmeo,.; ,be

petals are from fi ve 10 nine; and ,he capIule ha.

r.ve

celia. There i. bue ODe fpecie.,

1Iiz.

Ihe fedoid.., a Da–

live of Virginia.

PENULTIMA, or

P'~ULTJMAT'

SVLLABLB, in gram–

mar, deno,es the lan fyllahle but ODe qf a word , and

neDcc ,he anti_penuhimate fyllable i.

,he

lórt bu, 'wo, or

Ih" immedia,ely before ,he peoultima .

PENUMBRA, in aClronomy, a partial !hade obfervcd be–

Iween ,he perfea !hadow aDd Ihe fulllight in an edipre.

arifes from ,he magni,ude of ,he fun', hody: for

Were he only a lun';oou. poin', Ihe !hadow would be afl

perfea; hu, by reafon of rhé diameler of ,he fun. 'i, hap '

peno ,ha.

place which i.

nol

illuminated

,he whole

'body of ,he fun doe.

yet

reeei.e rayofrom a pa" chereof.

PEPLIS, in bo'aof,

genu. of ,he he"andria monogrni.

claf. The perianthium is bell.fh.ped, wirh ,,,,elve feg–

tn.e:nfs;

the: pttals "re

fix.

iD(erttd into

tbe caJix ; "2Dd

tbe

capfule has IwO cel1.·. There are two fpeciel, nODe of

thtm

natives

of Britain.

PEPO, in bo,any. Se< CUCUR8JT4.

'pEPI'ER, in botany, See PIPE".

PS'PER. MIHT.

See

MENTHA.

PERA, one of Ibe fuhurba

CooO~ntioople¡

where

run–

b.lf.dor. and

Chrirti.ns

.fually r,fide_

PERAMBULA'fOR, in falveying,

io/lrumenl for

Vov. IH. N· ·SS.

P E Il

mC'J(ur;n;:

dín :IO.:-~t;,

caJJed ¿)fo pcdün1'etcr, way·wifcr.

an¿ fnrveying whcel.

eonr.n, cf a wbeel AA

(1?latc

cxxxrv_

6g.

J)_

0° l .) 1WQ (eH

feoJcn ¡oches

~nd

haJ

diam~ter;

con·

fequcntly

hillf~ a

pale, or eight

(eet three toches,

cir"·

cuml

'erer.ce.

On en"e. t:nd

the axis is a out,

'three

qua rtcrs of

no ¡neh

diameter,

and .di ,"ided ioto

eight

te~th;

which, upon moving tht whed

rcond,

f..

1I ¡oto

¡loe

eighl teeth of ano,her nu'

(ibid.

2.)

fixed on on.

end

¡ron -rad

.and IDUS turo (he rod orce round

the

time the whecl

makcl OflC

revolutíon. . This

TOlf,

lying olong a groooe io Ihe lide of the ca

"i.ce

of ,he ir.–

flruITIcnt,

under (he dotted

line.

has

other

cod

f'lu"e hole, in,o whieh is "tted ,he end

of a fmal! ey·

liader

1'.

This eylindor is difpofed

(ibid

3.)

uficle,

the dial.plate

a movement,

al lhe

cnd

the carnagc

fuch

manntr as

mov~able

a.bout

ils axis :

iu end

¡s'

cut

ioto a

ptrpCluilt

rcrew, which ralling ioto

.he ,hirty_'wo eeeth of a wheel

rp.nd;

cular

,heretO,

upon driving (he inllrumeilt forw.ard, lhat whcd m¡kc&

a revoJution each fixteenth poleo 00

tht!

axis. of this'

wheel

is a pinion with Gx

tect~, whi~h,

faHing

ioto

the

te.erh

another whtel of

fixry

tcelh, carries

rouad c·

.ay

hundred aod "!t,ie,h pole, or half a JTlile_

Thi. laa wheel, carryiDg a hand or indeK round wi,"

aver the diviGons of a dial -'plate, whofe

outer

l!m!J is

d ivided in'o ohe hun'dred .nd 6lt,y

par..,

correfp,oDdin¡:

to the

ODe

huodred and

fixty

peles,

poir.ts

001

the num ·

ber of poi.. púfed overo :Again, on ,he axis of

,h;,;

I.a

wheel

pioion,

containing Iwenty teelb.

~hich

{"lIíng

in'o ,he ,e«h of a ,hird wheeJ whieh hath (o"y .e,,/¡,

dr¡ves

once rouad in three

hundred

and twenty paJes.

a mlle. On

axis of

th,!' wheeJ is a

pinion of

lwclve

,eeth, whieh, falling in,o

, he

«eth of a (o"n h whetl h.ving

fe venty.two

teeth,

ddv«

it once

round

in twefve

miles .

This

fourrh

whed,

carrying 3DOther indelt

over

the

inner limb of ,he dial-piare, dividcd in 'o

,wel.ve

for miles,

and

tach

mile fubdivided

into halves,

quartt:rs,

and

fur·–

Jdogs,

fenes

regifler

(he

revolutions

tbe

olher hand.

aod

keep aeeoune of ,he half miles aad miles palfd

ver

as far as

tweJve

miles.

The ufe of tbis

inJlrumtnt is

obviou!

from in

con·

I!rudiol1.

Its

proper olliee i. io ,he furveying of road,

and large dia.nees, wherc a greae de.1 of expedi,,"n,

and

DOt

much accuracy,

required.

is tvident. (ha'!:

driving' it along, aod

ob~rving

Ihe hand., has ,he fame

e/fea

dr.gging

.he

eb.in

, aad Ulking .ecouat-of .be

ch.in

. and link•.

advantagts are

h4Ddinef, and

~xpedition;

ira

coneriyarrce is

fllCh,

tbat

may

be fiued

to lhe wheel oí

a coach, in

which

.fiate

per(orms

itS

otIice,

aad me¡...

fures Ihe road wi,houe .ny trouble at

.11.

PERCA, ,he

PUHH.

iD ieh.hyology, • geoo. lrelonging

'o ,he order of .borade;' The he.d ;. furniOled wi,1\

fealy aDd ferrated op<reula ; ,here are feven ..ys in lhe

membrane of eho gill.; arrd ,he 6n. "" the

b.ek

are

priekly. There are

fpeci<., priDcipally dillinguifhed

peculiari,ie, in ,he.

b.d-6M.

PERCEPTlON, iD logie, lhe fi,a .od mDa fimple

./'1

the

mind,

whereby

perccilVU or

is confcious of

its

iJeas...

Se< Loc,e .

PERCH:

Seo

PIlC'.

J'ERCo-