1000000031

P 11

'157

PARHELIUM, or

PARHELI ON,

rl'/

r.ol

~gy,

a ,"oek

fun, or roetcor, in torm of.a very

I.Jri:,ht

h~h tJ

::tppear–

iog

0 0

ooe fide of ,he fuo.

'rhc parhella are: formecl by lhe

reJ1c:~ion

of lhe (un',

be.m.

a clouc1 properly p0fited.

1'0<)'

ufually ae–

company the coronre, or lumi nous cireles , and are phced

in lhe (ame circu.,,(ercnce and

the (ame ht ight. Their

colou($ refcmble that of

lhe

r"inbow, the red and

yed–

luw are on ,be

C.de

low;¡rds ,he fun , aod ,he blue .nd

violer on the other. There are coron:;e

Cometimes

fl!e o

without parhelia, .and

tJic~

vufa.

Parhelia are doubl e, triple,

ác.

and in 1629 a par–

belion of five fuo. was feeo al Rome, aod io

.1666

aoo–

Iber al

rle. of fil<.

M .

M ariotte

~eeouots

for parhelia from

in6nity of

little panieles of ice ftoatiog i. ,he air, that multiply tbe

image of ,he fuo by refraa ion or refteaion; and by a

geometrieal ealcul", he

has

determined the precife figure

of theCe 'lit ue icicle" th.eir fitu:uioD in the air, and (he

fize of

theeor~o",

of eirele. whielt aeeomp'oy ,he parhelia,

and the colour$ wherewith tbey are .painted.

PAR.IA,

a uke of.PtrU, io Sou,h Ameriea, io ,he provioee

of .Lo. Cba,ea., ti,uated io

67° W,

loog. and

22°

tat,

P.ARIETALIA

OUA,

in anatomy. See a"ATOMY,

154·

P.ARIETARrA, io botany, a geou. of ,he Jlolygamia mo–

/1.O!cia glafs. Th.e

<o.li

", botb in the female aod herma–

I'hrodite, c'?,ofin. of

fo~r

fegmeo.. ; oooe

Ihem haYe

aoy cor.olla; the bermaphrodite has four namioa; aod

both bav. "oe lIylo., and one loog .fced. There are

¡¡"

rpecics, ooly one of them,

viz.

tbe officinalis,

'or

pelli–

tory ofthe ...all, i. a native of.Briuin ,

i. ellcemed as

eooliog aod abllergeoT.

P.ARlS, iD bo,aoy,

a genu.s

of the oélandria trigyoia c1a(•.

The

e.ti

" eoor.lIs

" f

four leavo., aod the .eorolla of fpur

".rrow petals; aod · the berry h.. four

cell..

Tbere i.

but ooe fpecie!,

"iz.

the .'1uadrrfolia,

herb'p~ri.,

or Ir)le–

JOtlt,

a:nati'fe of'Btitain.

P.AJ

\U, in geography, ' ,he merropoli. of the kiogdom of

Fnnce, and of the prioeip.lity o; governmeot of ,he .iJle

of Fr.anee, finsaled in

Joog .

,2025',

N . la,

4sn

so',

¡wo buodred.oulesIoutb.eall of L oodon, G" hundred and

ei¡;hty oonh.:ean of Madrid, .li ve huodred aod 6fty well

·.

vi.on~

one

thouf.od

,hree huodr<d norrh·well of

Co.n.otinopl., and (eveo hundred .north.well of Ro!"e.

PARISH , tbe precioa of

p.,~chi.1

ehureh, or.a 'eireuit

of ground iohabited by pe'ople who belong tO

oo~

ehurcb

and are under .the particular charge of

ilS

minifier.

PARR, a large ioclofure privileged for wild bealls of ebaee,

either by.p.efcríp,ion or ,he king's gr"ot.

l1ARKINSON1A, iD bOLany, .a·geou. of the decandna mo–

Jiogynia.él.f.. Th. eali" conGII. of fou r fogmen.. , and

tlu: eoroUa..of four

oval

petala, <he lowell' beingkidney'

/haped

it has -no aylu. ; ,.nd tbe p¡>d is eyliodri<!l\1.

l'ARLE;Y, a coofereoee with ao eoemy·. Henee

to. l¡.~t

or foaod a .parley, .i. lo give" flgo al for 'holding foeb a.

·cooference. l¡y bea, of druru or fOl>Od of !rumpet.

P.A,R.LIAMENT, i. thegrand aifembly

i>f

the

thrc~

tlateo

thia kiqgdom, fummooed toge,bcr, by ,he king's ,u–

thority,

eoofult of malle" rel..iog

the publie wel'

¡.re, ....

d partiClllarlY'lo enaa 'and repeall"w• .

,le'

con·

.¡¡n.

oí

Jie

ki~i,

Ihe

·iQrd" fpiti,U'al

ail6'

l ..

mpor~I, ~nd

PAR

(be commor¡s, :/¡nd is at once the

rc:. t

dIe

k ~¡!1

,¡ve

aUlhority,

and tht highefi

coun of

ju(hce in

Grc:ll-Bn–

tain. I n the hou(e of lords, criminal

caures

are tricd on

the impeachment of the cammon&; and lhis houfc has

original jurirdiélion for {he (rial of peers

uroo

indiétmtnts

fou od by a

gr.od

jury ; the lord. likewife ,, )' Cueh

ea~fc.

as come thidler on appeals from lhe court of chaoca y.

and all

Ih.ir

decree. are as judgmeots. The ltouC<

úf

ccmmons

ex~mine

the

right

o( eleétions ; reg·date dirputcs

concerning them; may expel

thelr

own rnembers, and

eommit ,hem tO prifoo. They are the graod inquen of the

natÍon : and prercnt public grievances or' deltnquents

the kiog and lords,

.i~

ordet tO their b:iog punifhed. lo

fuort, they are lhe reprefenratlves of aH (he eommons

the kingdom; and

tbem their eonnituenu have plaeed

Ihe highell eonfidence, by ioveniog them with the power

of makiog laws, aod eotruníog Ihem with all tbeir liber–

ties and privilegcs.

Ongioally, oelV parli.ments IVere called eV<ly year ;

but by degree. ,hd r lerm grew longer. lo the. rcigo of

king Charle.

they were held a loog ,ime, wi,h great

intc:rruptions between : but both methoQs were found of

fueh ill eoofequeoee, that, in ,he beginoing of the reigo

of king W illiam

JIl.

an a{t was palfed, by whieh ,he

,~rn¡,

of all parliameots was renraioed tOthree f. (!joos, or three

yea,, ; ,bis wa. heoee ealled ,he trieoni. 1 aa: but fioce

that

m:,

froro ot,her views, the period of parliameots

has beeo leogthened to feveo years.

p.rliameot

is–

called by the·kiog'. writ or letter direéled to eaeh lord,

commandin~

him tO appear; and

other wríts, diretled

' o the fheri/f. 'of eoeh eounty, tO fummon the people tO

elea

two

knights

(or

each county.

and

one or t\vo bur–

gelfe~

for eaeh borough. Tbe oumber of the members

'the

houre

of lords

uncert3io, as increafing at

che

kiog's pleafure. The mefllbers of the houfe of commoo! ,

wheo

~ull,

are

r.ve

hundred aod fifty-three;

viz .

oioelY–

Iwo ,koigbu of the fhires ; fif'y·two aeputies for twenty-

6ve cities, Loodoo

ha~iog

four; fi"teeo for .the eight

cioque.pOrt9;

two

for

each

univedity;

lhree

hundled

aod ,hirty· ' wo for an hundred and eighty boroogh. ;

twelve lor the boroughs in "V.a1e., aod forty.five mem–

be" for Seotlaod. If three huodred of thefe members

are me"

recko1í~d

a full houfe ; aod forty may eom–

pofe a ,boufe for the diCpa,eh of buGnefs.

U pon the holding of a parliameot, the k-ing, the 6rn

day,

G ...

io the upptr·houre, under a eaoopy, .wilh the

crown

his he.d,

~od

d relfed in his royal robes; aod

Ibere, by himfel f, Or ,he lord chaneellor,

oecl.re.

th.

reafon. of ,heir meeting, in the prefeoce of bo,h ,he IQrd.

and commoos; and tnen the commons are required to

c11ufe a fpoakcr, wlto

pref~otcd

'0 the kiog, and

~ing

-approved by hi. majeny; Ihe buGnefs of

t.he

parliameo(

sod

oo.

Tbe lord. and common. lil eaeh .in

dillipa ''part–

:meol: in ,he hou(e of lords, the

prioc~

of the.blood fit.

lty

,hem:felves on the lides of the throoe; at.the wall,

the kiog'. right haod, the two archbi/hops

lit

by them.

felve! on a form o Below them, ,he bi/hop' of L ondoo,

Durha m, and Wioeheller, aod all ,he other bi/hop"" fit

aetording td ,1be priority of thdr eoof<cratinn.

On.

th.

\cing'. leC, haod ¡be 10rd-tleaCurer, lord prelidGot, .aod

lord privy.real , fi, upoo forOj' aboye 'all duLces, e" eept tité

royal' blood; Ihen ,he dulu:., marquilf. s, and

~r1s,

ae-

cordu,~