1000000031

P A P

( 454

PAR

:l1)?~ars

like flc\I:' anJ

w2t !r,

wilnout any lumps in

it:

{h('o

fit

tor Ihe piJ.-monar, where

is perfeétly

dilrol–

,·e\i. anJ is {hen can ied

lhe

val,

tO ue

furmed

¡mo

/hcots of p'pec. But I.mly, infiead of pountling thnags ·

to a pulp with.l:Jrge harnmers, as above, {hey make

llfe

3n cnginc,

"hich

performs

the

\York. in

much lefs

time.

This engino eonfifis of a round folid pieee of wood, into

whieh are fall encd feveral long pieees of fiecl , ground

very lbarp . This is plaeed in a large trough wtrh the

rags, and a

rutli::icnr

quantity of water. Al {he bottom

of ,he trough is a pi

"te

with Ilee! bars, ground lbarp like

the

farOler;

and /the enóine bcing carried round with

prurligious velocity . reduces

lhe

rags to a pulp in a very

{hon time.

mul. be 6bferved, tha t lhe motian of Ihe

cogine c:tufes the water in lhe trough to circulale, and

br chat me",n:;

conltantl y

return"

the ClufF to the cogine.

The

(rough

is conflandy fed with clean water at one end,

while the diny water fr"m the r,(gs is carried of

al lhe

oth~r,

through

a hol!?,

d(:feoded

wit h

",ire gratiogs,

arder to hind<r the pulp from going ou, with the dirty

water,

V/hen the Huff is ftt flieiently prepared as .bove, i, is

clrried tO the \·at, and

mixed

Wilh a

proper

qu¡ntity of

water, which lhey

call priming'

lhe

val.

The

val is

r i¡;.h:ly primed, wheo the liquor has fueh a proportion

oi rhe ru1p, " th" the moul¡l, on being dipped . into it.

...il!

j"1I

take up cnough to make a lbeet of paper, of the

th;ctmefs

reo l!ir~d.

The

mould

is a

kind

fieve

ex·

aél ly of the 'fize of the paper 'o be made, and abottt .n

ineh

dee?,

the bO,ttom being

formed of

fine brafs wire,

guard~d

undcrncfllh·with

fticks,

prevent it baggingdown"

and tO keep it

horizontal;

and further, to Ureogthen

the

bonom, there are Jarge wires

placed

parallellines,

cqual dlfi. nees, whieh form thofe lines vifible in all

",hite paper ",hen held up to the light : the mark of

the

paper is

alfo

made

in this

bOltOOl,

interweaving a

Jarge

wire in

any

panicular formo

This

mould

the

ma·

ker

dips

into

lhe

liquor,

and gi'les

lhake

as he

t~kes

it OUt, to clear ,he water from ,he pulp. !le ,hen Ilides

along

groove to

the

c"ucher, who

turns

OUt

the

{heet

upnn • felt laid

a pJ.ink, and lay' another fele on it;

and

returns

rhe

mOllld

the

maker,

who by this time

has prepared

a fecond

{heet

in anolhcr

mould :

and

thu,

t hey proeeed, I.ying alterna'.ely a lbee' and ·. fdt, ,ill

thcy have

m.de

fix quirco of p'per, \Vhieh is ealJed a pon;

:fnd ,his ,hey do wi,h fueh fwiftnef., ,hat, in many

19m

paper,

two

men

make

twcn!y polls or more in a

day.

poll of p'per beiog nlade, ei,her ,he maker or eoueher

w~iH les·

which four or

five

men

advance,

one

WhOOl

draws it uoder the· prcfs,

ano

the

reH prefs it

\Vith

great

(orce, rill

all

the

water

fqueezeci from

after

w, ieh it is fe?arated Ibeet by lbee< from the felt" and

bid r(gularly

one fheet

upon anotker ;

and

haviog

under.

gone a feeond prefling, i, i. hung up to dry. When

fulliciently d rieo, it i, taken off the Jines, rubhed fmooth

with the ¡u nJ., and laid by till fized, whieh is ehe next

opentiqn.

For

lhis they chure

a fioe

temperare

day ; anJ

having

boilcd

proper

quantit

clean

parchmeot ,

velluO! fhavinc" in

water, lill it

comes

a fize, they

prepare a fine eloth, on whieh they Ilrew a due propor·

tion

whi,e vitriol and

roch-al um

(incl y

powdered,

and

flrain

the fize through

into a

large

tuh ; in which

1Jle) dip

mueh paper at once

they can eonl'cniently

hold,

and with

a qllick

motio;) give

c',ery

n\~ct

its rhare

of the fize, whieh mu(f be as

"0'

.s the

h.nd

can wcll

b<ar

¡t.

.Afrer

this, the

paper

prelT:.:J ,

hung up {hect

lIy

{

ht.tt

dry

aad

beJOg

taken

down,

forteu,

and

wh"

is only fit for oUtfiJo.quires I"id

thcmfdves'

then told into

quirl!5,

which are foJded

and

preIT<d.

1;he

broken ihcets are

common!y

put

~ogelher,

and

t\VO

the

worCl

quires

are

placed on

the

lIutfide of evc:rry

ream

~undle;

ilOd

being

ticd

up· in

wrapper~,

mad..: uf

l ite fe,din!:

01'

the ,·"t, it is

(O/'

f"le.

Pap~r

is of various kiDds,

and

ufcd for

various pur–

poi

witll regard to

col~ur.

principalJy diltingulln–

¡mo

while.

blu\!,

and

brown;

and

with

rega rd

,its

dlmenlions.

ioto atlas, elephant, imperial, fuper_royal,

royal,

medium,

d ..

my,

crown.

foolfcap,

and pot-paper.

PAP ER' OFFI CE.

ofRce

in (he

pal~ce

\ Vhitehal!,

which

alJ lhe public

writings, matters of(late

and coune',

procl¡matioos,

lerters , intelligences, negmialions

abroad,

and gene,.lIy all difpaehes thA! pafs ,hrough the oIRee. of

,h, leercta ri,. of Ha'e, are lodged, by way oflibrary.

P :\PHLAGONIA, an anden' provinee of the leerer A(i.,

utuated

on the

Euxine·fea,

DOW

pan of the

proviace

AOIafia in

Turky.

PAPHOS, once . n elegant ciey at the well end of ,he ifiand

of Cypru.; bu' the liule lOwn of Baero is oow all

,ha<

reOla.ns

it.

PAPILIO, the ' BUTT ERFLV, in zoology,

genu. of in–

feéls bdonging lO the arder of lepidoptera, It has four

wings

imbTlcaled with

a kind

of downy

rcaJes

the

tongue

c-onvoluted

in a

fpiral

form;

and the

body

hairy.

Ther. are

273

fpecies, p¡ineipally diainguilbed by the

colour of th!!lr \Vines

PAPILlON .'\CEOUS, .mong botanlll" an appelJ"ion

gl–

'(en to the flowers of plants beJonging prinelpally tO rhe

diadelphi. claf., (rom ,beir refembling the figure of a

huuerfly.

P A I'OUS , or N EW GUtNEA, a large eontinent in the Pa·

clfic ocean,

litt lt

fOllth

of·

the

equator;

(ituated

can

,he Spice ifiand" in

1300

eall long. but how far it ex–

tend~

farther

the

eafiward or fomhward, is

uncertain.

PAPPUS, in botany, a fof, downy fubllanee, that grows

on the feeds of tenain plants, as thiflJes, h.wkweed,

&c,

rerving

fcauer and buoy them up in

the

air.

PAR,

in cornmerce,

fignilies

any (wo

thing,

equal in

value.

See

COMJil.1ER CE .

PARAI3LE, afable, or aJlegorieal inflructlon, fouoded

fom..:thiog real

or apparent in

nalUre or

hiflory, from

which a

moral

is drawn,

comparing

with

fomething

in which

the

pcople are

more immediately concerned¡

f"eh are ,he parables of D,ves and Lazaru" of ,he Pro–

digal Son, of the Ten Vtrgin.,

&c.

P A RABOLA . See CaNte S'CTIO N'.

PARACENTESIS, an operatiO,' in

f~rgery,

eommonly

e. Jled t, pring. . See SU<CE<V .

P ARACL ET, the COMFORTER, a name given 'o ,he Holy

Ghofl .

PARADISEA , in orni'hology, a genu. belonging

tlv:

order of pie",. Tht beak is eovered wjth a beJ¡ or collar

of downy featl,.rs at ,he bafe; and ,he feathelS on tbe

fides

are

ve.ry

long.

There are three fpecies,

tJjz.

l . The

.i'poda, has the feathers on ,he fides longer than the body,

.nd t\Vo long brifll y feathers in the lail.

is the grea"

~ird

p, ..

dife, 2nd f«d, uron buttcrBies.

Th. y

ale