1000000031

P AE

449

P A

l'ACIFlC OCHN_

,na!

v,ll oee. n w!Jieh fepara'e, Afia

(rom America:

is called P.tcific, from rhe moderare

weather the firfi mariners who faiJed in it

Oler

with be.

tween the tropics; and ir was ca led

Couth-rea.

becaufe

,he Spaniard, ero!fed ,he ilthmu. of Duicn from nonh ' o

fou,h, when ,hey fi rll difeovered il: ,hough i, is proper–

the

" Tefiero

oeean,

with

regald to America.

PACK.

in commerce.

denotes a

quamily

of goods, made

up in loads, or bales. for

carri;age.

A rack of wool is feventeen Hooe and ,wo pound., or

a horre's load.

PACKAGE , is. fmaU dUly of one penny in ,he pound,

paid fur aU good. no' panieularly rated.

PACOS. in zoolollY' See Cuinus.

PACTOLUS, a river of L ydia in ,he le!fer AGa, ee/e–

bral-cd!>y ,he antien, poe" fo r ilS golden fands.

PADDOC, or PADD OC-co uo", • piece of ground en ·

eorppaO¡'d ",i,b pale. or a w.U, aod taken ou, of a park

for exhibiting raees wi,h grey-hound., for pla,es, wa–

gers. or the like.

PADERBORN E, ,he capital of ,he bilhoprie of ,he fame

name in Wellph.lia : E . long. 8°

2{,

N . Ia..

45' .

PADSTOW, a market towo of CornwaU, thiny miles

well of L auneeClon.

PADUA, che capital ofthe Padua n, in ltaly, a cily of a

circular form, fi,uated ,wen,y-'wo miles ",efl of Veniee:

loog .

(20

5',

N .

lat.

30'.

PADU¡\.N, a pruTinee of ltaly, in the terri,ories of, Ve_

nicé, thirty-6ve miJeslong, and almoll as

mllch

in bread.h ;.

bounded by Ihe Trevifane on Ihe nonh, by ,h.. duehy

of Venie<' on ,he eall, by Ihe Polefin de Rovigo on Ihe

fouth, aod by Ihe

Vie~nlin

on Ihe well.

PADUAN, among ,he medalill., a modero medalllruek iD

imitatian of the anl ique ; or a new meda} firuck with all

,he mark, and eh. raélas of an,iquity.

PADUS, in botany. See PRUNUS .

PJEAN, among Ihe aneien, p'gans, was a fong of rejoieing

fung in honour of Apollor chieBy ufed

occafioD' of

viélory ind triumph.

P":AN, iD Ihe ancienl poetry, a foot eoofi Oing of four fyl,

lables; of whieh Ihere are four kinds, Ihe preaD primu.,

feeund us,

&c.

The p",an primus eonfifls of one long fyU. ble and

three fhort ones, or a trocbreus and pyrrhichius, as

IrlRporibul;

Ihe pman fecundus eonfiOs of a /hort fyUa–

ble, a long, and tWO /hort, or an iambps and a pyrrhi–

chius,

p~/en/ia;

the prean rentus confins of twO fhort

fyUa~les,

a long and a /hort one. or a pyrrhichiu. and

rrochzus, as

anima/ul;

the prean quartus confins ()(

,h"e /hon fyUable; and a long ooe, or a pyrrhichius .nd

¡ambus.

ee/(rila!.

PJEDEROTA, in bOlany, a genos of Ihe diandria mono–

gynia claf" of which ,here are IWO fpecies, none of Ihem

natives of Britaín.

PJEDO_BAPTISM, infanl-baplifm, or Ihat conferred on

ehildren.

PJEONIA, in bOlany, a genus of Ihe polyandria digynia

claf.. The calix confills of hve leaves, and Ihe eorolla

of hve petal.; Ihe rtylus is wanling; aod Ihe capfule

cootains many feeds. There are l wo fpecies, none of

them natives of Britain .

T he root of this plan! is a very celeoraled

m~dic!ne

Jll:rvous

caJes.

PAGAN, a heathen, gentile, or idJI:ner ; one who adore..

falfe god. . See MYTHOLOCY.

P AGANALIA , tenaio f"llivals obferved by the ar.eient

Romans

the

month of January.

·C

hey were

inOltulC'd

Servjus Tullius, who appointed

certain

numbú of

vlUages (pagi). in eaeh of which an

, Ir..

was ' o be ..if, d·

for

~nnua~

(acrifices to their tutelar gods

at which al1

the

1O~<lbIJants

were

amll, and give preCents in money..

accordlOg to their

(ex

and age,·

which means {he

num–

be.r or country-people was known . The fervan u upon

thlS

occafion offered cakes to Ceres and "rellus,

obtaia

.plen,iful harvens.

P AGANELLUS, in ichlhyology. Seo GOBIUS .

PAGANISM, Ihe religious worlhip and difci pline of pa–

gans; or, Ihe adoratiOn of idols ·and falfe gods . See

]OOLATRY

and

lvIYTHOLOGY.

PAGEANT, a triumphal ear, ehariot, arch, or e,her like

pompous decoration, variouny adorned

with

colours, ft¡gs,

&c.

carried abou, in public /hew., proeeflion.,

&c.

PAGOD, or PAC6Jh, a name whereby Ihe E. f!-IodiaDs

eaU ,he temple in whieh lhey wor/hip Iheir god•.

PACOD, or PACODA, i. alfo Ihe name of a gold aod Glver

coin, current in (everal parts or the Eaa-Indies.

PAIN, is defined to be an uneafy feo fation .,ifiog from

fudden and violent folutioD of Ibe conlimlilY, or fome

other

accident

in lhe

nerves,

membranes,

vdTds,

mur...

eJes,

&c.

of the

body ';

or, according

(ome, ir con–

fin. in a motion of ,he organs of fenfe ; and, aeeording

others, it is an emolioo of lhe foul occaGoned by Ihefe.

organs .

PAINTING, ,he an of reprefenling nalu ral hodies, and

giving Ihem ao appearanee oí Iife, by lhe IUro of Iines, .

aod the degre.. of eolours.

'Vhoever would apply liimfelf

painting, fays Leo–

nardo da Vinei, muf! in Ihe firl! place learo perfpeéli ve:

Ihis wiU enable him

difpofe Ihings in Iheir proper pla–

ces, and

give the due dimenfions 'o eaeh: having done

Ihi., he muf! learo 'o defign; ehufing for that purpofe

fome able m, ller, who

Ihe fame lime may give him

fome jnfig/¡t iOlo tlle colou" of figures: he oughl Iben

lo.eoofult nature, to confirm himfdf in·.wha, he has al–

ready learn,; and, laflly, lel him apply himfdf

,he

Iludy and imitalioo of ,he grealell maflers, in order

a habil of reducing whal he has learnl ioto praéliee.

To judge of Ihe goodoefs of a paintlng, il is neee!fary '

enabliO,

curfe/ves a fyUem .of rul.s

be appli<d

oceaGon.Uy;

aod

afli fl the judgmenl herein. the fol–

lowing rules have beon·laid dowo: J, T he fubjeél mufl

be finely imagined, and, if poflible, improved io · ,he

painter's hands ; he muO: think wtll as an hinorian, poet,

philofo}>h. r, or divine, aod more efpeei.lly a. a paioler,

in making a wife ufe of aU the advanlages of his art, and

in find ing expedienl'

fupply irs defe[ts.

2 .

T he ex–

preflion mur! be proper

lh. fubj<él, aod Ihe c113raélers

of Ihe perfoo. I il mull be Ilrong, fo Ihat Ihe dUOlb /hew

may be perfeélly and readily underf!ood : eI'ery pan of

the piélure mufl contribute

this end ; colours,

animals,

draperies, aod efpeeiaUy Ihe allioos cf Ihe hgures, and

above all Ihe airs of ,he heads .

There mufl be one

principal ligbt; aod Ihi., and aU ,he fubordinale. ones,

wi.h Ihe /hadow. and repofes, mufl

m.ke

ooe enllfe aod

harmonious maf.; Ihe f. veral pan. mufl be \Vdl eoo–

nelled

aDJ

contralkd, fo as

rCDder Ihe lI'hole

crate-

{,u.: