1000000031

P A 1

( 45° )

P A L

ral

to .he eye, as a goo.d

piec~

of mufick

lhe ear. By

this means lh.! piéture is nOI

only

more

dc1ightful,

but

be"er leeo "od compreheoded. 4. The dr.·Niog mufl

.be jufl : 'oothing mufl be flat,

I.me,

or iU-propottion, d ;

;jInd theCc proportions fl\ould vary according to the cha o

ratlers of .he perCons drawo . 5. The eolooriog, whe–

lher

gar

folid,

mufl

be natural, beautiful, and

cleao,

and what.Jhe eye. is delighted with, in· Ouuows,

3S,

well

as lights and middle t;nu ; and whethcr [he

colours

are

laid

0 0

,hielt , or fioely wrough" ,hey mufl appear tO be

d one oy a ligh. and .ceura'e hood . L.fIIy, Na.ure mufl

be the foundation thal mufi he feen at the bottom; hut

nature muO be raired and improved, ..not ooly from what

is commonly

f~en,

what is but rarely met

with,

hut

even yet highcr.

frGm

a judicious and beautiful idea in

che pltinter's mind, fo that

grace

ar.d greatneCs may Chine

throu ghou, anore or leC, .eeording 'o the fu bjeél.

P¡inting is of

various kinds, according to the material,

ufed , the maller upon whieh ,hey

~re

applied, .od .he

m;:tnner of applying them;

painting

in oil,

water–

colou(s, frerco,

&c.

PAI NT1NG

in oil.

The whole recret of painting

in oil

con·

fins

grinding the colours with out oit, or linfeed-oil ;

hut

the

manner of working

\"ery difFerent from that.

fre(co, or io water,

reafon the oíl cloes not dry oear fo

faH,

wh.icb

givcs the painter an Qpportunit y of

touchin~

and re

touchin~

al! the

parts

his

hgures as orten as he

pll!Jfc:s

which in the orher methods of painting is a thing

imprac9ie.ble. The figures dooe io oil are

0 1(0

eapable

of more (orce aod boldoe(, ; inComueh ,ha, ,he blaek be–

comes blacker, wheo grou nd wit-h oil, than ,,,ilh water;

befides, all the eolou r5 mixing better together, makes the

colou riog the [weeter. ·more delieate and agreeable, and

gives ao union and tenderners to the whole

inimitable

any of the other nnnners.

Painting

in oil

is performed on caovas. on walls, wood.

Clone, and al!

forts

of metals .

Paiming on cloth or caovas

done as fol lows: The caovas being ltretched on a frame,

¡:;ive it a Itlyer of (ize, or pacte-water, and then go over it

""i th a pumiee-fione to fmooth off the knot!. By means

of ,he fi ze, .he liule .Jiread, and h.i" are .U laid clofe on

,he cloth, aod ,he liule holes fiUed up, (o ,hat no eolour'

cao pa(s ,hrough . \Vheo ,he cloth i, dry, I.y

oker in

oil~

which may be mixed with white_lead to make it dry

the fooner. When dry, goover it again with lbe pumic¿.

llone,

otake i, (moo.h.

Af.er

.hi,. Ceeood eoueh i, fome.

,imes .pplied, eompofed of whi,e_lead aod aIiule ehareo.l–

bl ack, ' o reoder ,he grouod of ao.1h eolour. O.hers prime

, he eanv. , ia .he followiogmanoer: They firfl (moo,h ,he

canV;lS with

['umice_Clone, (ize it over with a good fize

and a linle honey, aod let i, flaod ' o dry; . (ter )IIhieh

they lay it over with whiting and Ilze, mixed with

lit–

tle

honcy: the ufe of the honey is to prevent it from

eraekioR, peeling, aod breakiog out;

0 0

,hi, ,hey firfl

draw the piéture with a coal, and then lay on the colour,.

2 .

Painting

'.Valls: W hen the w.U i.dry.•hey gi,·e it

two or three waChes witb boiling oil; till the plaCl er remains

quite greafy , and will imbibe no more; upon this ¡hey

hy drying colours,

{uch

as white-chalk, red-oker, or

ther eh"lk, b, . t<n prelly fllff. When ,his coueh or layer

;s wtl l dried, ,he Cubjeél or defigo is Ike.ehcd OUt. ood af.

Icrw:.trdt painted over, m\Xlng a I¡ule varn:fh Willl their

&?Joun,

(ave the varoifhiog afterward,. la order the

bell" tO fortify the wall . g.inn moiflure, fome cover it

with a plafter of li me, nltlrble-duíl , or a cement made of

bearen tiles foaked in IlOreeu-oil ; and at Jaft_ prepare a

compofition of grcen-pirch, marlic,

:J.nd

lhick varniCh bo:l–

toge.her, whieh .hey apply hot over .he (ormer pl.–

Oer ; and when dI y. lay on the colours as before. Others,

in fine, make thcl r.plaOer with lime_monar, liJe-cement,

and fand; and this bcing ciry, theyappl y anotllt:r

lime,

cement, and iron fcol

iz;

which being well beaten, and incor_

porated with linfe-ed-otl and whi tes of eggs, makes an ex–

eeUoo, plafl er. \Voen .his is dry, .he eolou rs .re "id on

a, berore. 3. lo p.in.ing on wood, ,hey ufually give .heir

ground

couch or layer of \vhite tempered with lize, and

lben procetd as in painting on walls. 4 . In painting on

(lvne or metals; it

is nOl

neceffary

lay them over with fize,

but only

add • lIight eoueh of eolours befo re the defign

drawn on it ; nor even

lhis done

00 HODtS,

whcre

you

w'luld have the ground appear, as

certain marbles

and ag:ttes of extraordinary colours.

Al! .he eolours u(ed io fre(eo are good io oil, except

whire of lime aod marble dufl. ThoCe ebiefly u(ed . re

whiteJeaJ, or ccrufe, yellow and white maOicot, orpi ..

ment, vermilion, lacea, blue and green aChes, verdigreafe,

iodigo, fmah. blaek-Iead, ivory-blaek,

I.mp

-blaek,

6c.

oils, the bcfl are .hofe of liaCeed, waioulS', Cp,ke,

anel turpeorine. The drying oilsare ou'-oil, boiled wi.hli–

lharge and fandar2 ch, and olherwife with fpiril of wine,

mallic, and gum. laeca.

In che preparation of oil-colours, care

mu(l

be takeo

th~t

lho;'y be ground fine

lhal in putting them on a pal..

le' , .hole whieh will oot dry

óf

.hemCelves be mixed wi.h

dryiog oil, or o,her iogredieolS of. dyiog qu.li.y; .od

that the cinRed colours be mixed in as fmall.quantities as

- poOible. A, ' o the fitua.ioo o( ,he eolours, tbe pure(\ .od

Ilrongefl mul! be plaeed io ,he (ron. of .he pieee. and .he

colouring vuied according

the fubjeft, time, and place.

,he Cubjeél be grave. melaneholy, or .errible, .he gene–

ral tint of' the colouring muCl aneline

ro-

brown and

blaek, or red .ad gloomy; bu, i. mufl b. gay .nd pl..

(10',

io (ubjeéh of joy .od .riumph .

PALlESTR A, io Greei.n an.iquity, a publie buildiog,

where .he youth exereif,d ,hemCelves in wrellliog. rUo–

niog. ployiog a. quoits.

élc.

PALJESTROPHYLAX: wa.s ,he direélor of ,he

p.Ia:

f1ra

and {he exercifes performed there.

SI.

PALAIS, a

10"0

of Fraoee, in .he provinee of Gar–

eooy.

e.pi•

•1of .he lower N.varre, fi

,ua.ed

iD\V . loog.

.08',

N . 1 ...

43~

23'.

P A L AMEOANG, or

PALAMBANG ,

,he

eapi.al

of. kiog–

dom at the eon end o( ,he i

(l.ad

of Java. io the Eafl·ln–

dies, fi.uated

.he nrailS of E.lIy, in E . loog, • ' 4°,

S . 1. 1. 7 n

30',

aod Cepara'ed from ,he illand of n.lIy by

n;trrow (lrail.

P ALAMEDIA, io orni,hology, • geou, belogiog 'o .h,.

order of grallz. The bill is eooieal, .he fuperior maod.–

ble being erooked; aod .he feet have ,hree divided .oes.

"Thrre are l \VO fpecies, both n2tives of Brafi.1.

P ALARL'\, amoog .he R omans, a kiod of exerciCe. per–

(orrned at a ¡!.ke by .he foldiers. The llake being fix,d

in the ground and (jx h:et high above it, the young un–

difci plineJ rolc1icrs advanced ag¡¡infi it, armed with a

hur~

die .nd

eud~cl,

ioHeod of a lhielJ and fword, and weot

thruugh all ',lte rules of a"acl: and defeoee, as if atlu.IIY

engaS'