1000000030

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general

ptN/

nilf(,

and, more panicluul y, nirrc fi xed

bv fuch .nd furh a fuhllance as

11'",

ukd in rhe opet:l

lion. 11m Ir nirre be Ildl,lgr.ned

uh an inll,IIII1lI.,blc

fubll.ncc conr.ining rhe vit ri..lic

.nd,

a5 fu ll'hu" li,r tn·

Ihnce, rhe ¡¡xcd

f.dr

produced hy rhe dcO. watlun 's not

a pUfe

~Ikali

but rerains , good dcal of rhl VHIIOI,c a·

cid, and, by combining rltere\Virlt, harh nolV formed

neu'r.11 lalr.

Tite reafon \Vlty nirre fl ames , and is dccompounded

tht'

nnnnt'r abo\fc

menlioncd,

wht!n

comes

con

la~l

wirh ,t phlngillon rrorcrly circomilanced, 's,

tirar

rlte

nitrous acid, having a gremr allinity wirh rbe phlor,i.

flon thdO Wllh the fi,xed

;d~ali,

o. turally quits the lam r

joio \Vith the former, aod fa produces a kind of fui–

phur, difTeriog prob."ly fromthe commonfn lphur, lorm·

ed by rhe vitriolic acid, io that it is combulbble

fueh

a dcgrce, as tO rake fire ami be coolumed in the very

momenl of its produélioo; fo that ir is impuilible tO

pmeot its beiog thus ddlroyed, .od conlequeotly im·

pollible to fave ir. In fupport of this opimoo let it be

coofi,!ered. that the coocurreo"e of rhe phlogllloo is ab·

fo:u. 1)' nece{f.,ry to produce tltis dIOagra"nn. aod tha!

the marrer of pure fi re is altogethlr in ..apable of eff,él–

ing it: fur lhough oirre be eXpJfld tO the moa I'iuleot

degree of fire, even that io the focu5 of the moll power –

fui burning.glafs, it will nOt flame

oor will thar eO'eé!

ever happeo till the oitre be brought ioto cootaél \Vith

phlogillon properly fa called, that is, the malter of

fire eXllling as a prioeiple of fome body

aocl it is more·

over necefrary Ihat Ih,s phlngillon be aélu.!ly on fire,

aod .gitated with the igoeous motlon, or elle, th.t the

nitre itfelf be red·hot, 3nd fa peowated with fire as tO

kinolc any inflammable maller that tOuehes ir.

This

exp~riment,

amoog others, helps tO fhew lhe

dillioélion thar ought

m.de

betwee.o pure clementa–

ry lire, and fi re becomc a principie of bodles tO I'Ihieh

We I,ave given the

oam~

of phlogilloD

Hefore lOe leave thi§ fubjeé!, ' we fl1311 obferve, that

nitre deOdgwes only wirh fueh f. bllanc.s as contain rhe

phlogil1vn in its fimplell and puren form; fuch

char–

toal, fulphu r, and the metalline fubllances

aod that,

though il will not deflagrate "ithoJ[ the addition of fome

co,ubullible maner, it is nevenhelefs the only known

body th"t·\Vil l burn, . nd

m.ke

other combullibles burn

with it, in ch,fe v,frels, wilitout rhe admifrlonoffrelh airo

The nitro'Js acid hath not fa grear nn aflinity \Vith

tarths and .lk,li5 dS the vi .riolic acid hath

whenee il

follolYs, thar Ihe vitriolic acid decompofes .11 neutral

fa!t ; ,rifing from a combinatioo of the nitrous acid with

ao emh or an alk. li. The vitriolic ¡cid p.x petls the oi·

trouS nCld, uoites with the fubaance which ferved it for

a bafis, and therewith forms a oem,,1 fah, \vhieh i5 an

alum, • felenitc5, ur a vitrir,lated tamr, aecording tO

!he na[ure of lirat bafis.

T ho nllrous aCld, hen thus feparated from its bafi5

by Ihe \'itrlolic acid, IS oamed

/piril o/ nil",

aq/l'

flllil .

If it be dephlegmated, or eontain but lillle fu·

pe. OUOl!S w>!er, it exhales inreddlOI vapours; thde va·

poo,s ueing condcnfcd and colleéled, form a liquor of a

browniOI yellow, Ihar locefrantly emits vapours of the

Wn!:

colour, abd of a puns,enl difJgreeablc IlueU. Tbefe

c~m~crs

have procu recl it the names of

fi"oling

/pi–

"' 0/

I/ilrr,

aod),/I.,"

aq/l. fortil.

T his propcrry in

th~

oitrous acid of exh.r1illg ill v.lpollrs, Ihe\Vs it to ue

Id,

fixed thao the vitriol.c ncid

for the 10111'1, though

evcr fo

tho,uu~hly

del'hlcgmated, nel'tr yiclds aoy va–

pours, oor has it ó'oy Imcll.

3. O/ Ihe

Acro

O/SEA-SA LT.

T H

acid of fea·

f.lt

edllcd, bccaufe it i, in faél

ob[,lined from fueh lea·fah as IS

uf~d

ill ollr ki rchcns.

is not cel'lAlnly kno.'o in wh.t tllls acid dlO"rs from the

vi.riolic and the nitrous, wirh rcgdld tO i[s conllitucot

p,tr's.

Wheo it is combiocd wirh abrorbeot carths, fuch a5

lime nlld chalk, it forms a neutrallalt th. t does 001 ery–

Ilalli ze

and, ",hen dried, atmé!s the moillure of rhe

a.r.

lite dbforbent emh bc not futly falurmd wlln

the IIwioe aCld. rhe fal t

th~reby

formed has the proper–

ti,s

01' •

fixed alkdh: Aod this is wh.l matle os la)',

\Vhen lOe \V{fe on Ihe fubjeé! of thofe falrs. thd! they

might he imirated by cornbiolng ao earth \Vilh ao acid.

The n\Mille acid, hke the rell, hath not fa great an

af–

finity \Vllh earrhs as \Vith fixed alkalis.

\vh"n it is cOOlhlncd __ilh lhe lamr, it forms a oeu–

f.lt

which Ihoots into

~ublcal

cryltals. T his fah is

inc\ioed to grow nlOll! in the air, and is confequently one

of th..fe \Vlllch water dlfroh'es in equal quantities, at

lealt as

fenfe, whcther

be boiliog hOl 01 quite cold.

The alfinity of this acid with alkal.s . nd

abforb~ot

ealrhs is OOt fo great as thar of tht vitriolic .nd nllrOus

aClds: \Vheoce

follo\Vs, thal, wheo comb.ned rhere–

Witll, it may be fepar.ted from Ihem by either of thofe

ac,ds.

The acid of fea-falt, thus difengaged from the fub–

lIaoce whidt ftrl ed it for a bafis, IS c,¡lIed

.piril

fa/l.

\V hen It contains but !:ttle phl<gOl, it is of n kmulI ca–

lour, anal

~ontinu,'¡ly

emirs

OI.ny

\Vhite, ' ery denle, , nd

very c1anic vdpours

on whieh dccoum it is nam,d rhe

fino~illg

v./oti/, fp irit r.f (alt.

\ts frnell is nOt dif–

.greeable, .,or mucl, unhke that of '.Ifron

bUI extreme-

1) quiek and fulfoc3tiog \Vheo it finokes.

T he acid' of

f~a-fal l,

like the other t\VD, feem, tO

h3\'e a gredter afli nity IYith the phlogiaun, than with

fixed alkalis.

Vi"

are Icd tO this opinion by a v<ly

eurious operation, which gives ground

think, th,.t

fea·r;dt ma)' be tlecompored by the proper apphcatruo of

a fubllance cootaining the phlogillóo.

FroOl the In.rroe .cId, combine I with a phlugillon,

refults a kind of fulphu.·, differing from Ihe cOllllllon

fon in maoy refpeé!s

but partiru l.r1y in this plOpcny,

that it takcs

e of

iJf.lf

npon being expofeJ

rhe upen

airo This combin.lIion is callec!

E"g/ij" pl'o}¡'¡'orru,

ph.¡phorul

uri""

becan

le,

11 is geoerally prcpmd

froOl urine. or 0011

p¡'ojJ,h."ft

This combination of rhe mdrioe acid with a phloginon'

is not eafily cff,éled

becaufe it rrquircs a diOicolt ope·

r·ation indPpropriated I·lfrds. Fur thefe realoos

does

oot always (ueceed; and phofpl\urus is 1'0 fcaree and.

dear, that hitherto chemills

hay~

not beco ,ble to DloIke

it the e'periments oecdr.,ry to dilcova

01\1

iu proper–

ties ,

phufphorus be fu[ered

burD.a\Vay io the air,

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