97 / 1042
e
H
E
M
Melallic (uha.nces have ao affinilY wilh acids, bUI nO!
equally IVilh all; Ihal is, evcry mmllic fuhft.nce is 001
c.pabk of uniliog aod joining wilh
every
acid .
When an aeiel uniles lI'ilh a mel, lIiC' fuhftaoee , Ihere
eommonly arifes an e"ullilion, ,nenried wirh a kinJ of
h
f1ing naife and
furnin~
exha!.lIi.,os. Hydegrees, as Ihe
ullion becornes more pcrf<él, Ihe par'lick! uf Ihe mel.1
con¡hioinR IVilh Ihe
~eid
becorne invir,ble : Ihis is lermed
di¡j4uli,,,;
ao<l whell a melallinc nds Ihus difappears
in
.11
.lciJ. Ihe IIIctal is
f.iJ10 be
dift;lvtd
by Ihal acid.
It
is p opcr 10
ohl~"c.
Ihal acids aél uponmetallioe (ub·
It.nw. io one refpeél, juf[ as Ihey do upon alkalis aod
ahlorbellt w lhs: (or an acid canoot lake up above fuch
a cm.lin
P"'?OI'lIC>Il
Ihereof as is funicienllo
(AlU
me il,
to
Jel;w) fevcr:d of ils propcrties, and wcaken 0lher9.
F')f
c~.lmpl~,
"heo an aciJ i, comhined "ilh a melallo
Ihepuim of I:Huwioo, it lofes ils lafie, does nOI IIlroIhe
blue colú'" of
a
vcg<lable red, ano ils affioilY \\'ilh waler
is confidmbl)' imp·lircel. 00 Ihe orhcr haod. metallioe
Illbnanccs. whieh, when pure, are inCdpJble of uniling
IVi rh wm r, by heing joioed wilh ao acid.. w luire the
properly of dilToh iog io waler. Th& eombinalioos of
mw lline fubll.lnm IVilh a.cids fúrm difrarnl (orts of
oe,. lr.1f,!ts; fome of IVhieh have Ihe propeny of (hOOI'
io~
iOlo er) f\'¡I" whilc olhers hal'e il nOI: mof[ of Ihelll,
\Vheo Ihoroughl)' J,ied, attra.'llhe
moifi~.re
of the airo
The affiOlly whieh mela!lioe
fuhnJnce~
have rlilh a·
cids is lefs Ih.o Ihat which :Morbeol earths and fixed
.¡kalis have with Ihe fame acids; fa Ihal all metalline
¡ahs mal' be decompollnucd by one of IlIefe fllhfiances,
wh;ch will uO:le IV.111 Ihe aeid. anJ prce'piwe Ihe mCId!.
Mttallioe fllbnanm Ihus feparated from an .cid fol·
veOI are ellle'[
1I1.,gij/:, iu,
anJ
p,.cipilúlcJ
of mela\¡.
Nooe of Ihefe precipiw cs, exccpr Iho(e of Ihe perfd l
Olelal" retaio the OletalJioe forOl: mofi of Iheir phlo.
gifion halh b"cn ddlroyeJ by the folulioo anel precipil:!'
rioo, and mlln be ref\o red before they cau reeover Iheir
propcni<s. lo OlOrt, Ihey are oearly in Ihe fa me flale
"{ilh melallioc fllbftances deprived of Iheir phlogiflon by
calcinalion; aou accordingly fuch a precipiwe is called
a
" It.
A
metallioe
" Ix
prcpared io this manner lofes a great·
er or a lefs portian of ils phlogiflon, Ihe more or lefs
eff<:c1ually and Ihoroughly the mClalli ne fubll,oce of
whirh il made
a
pan was dilToh-ed
by
rhe aciJ.
~ Ittal:ie f~bll.occs
have afliniries
wlIl!
t,eh olher
wni~h
difrer accordiog tO Iheir difTereot kinds ; bUI Ihis
is nOI IInivtrfal, for fome of Ihem are iocap,ble of any
rort of u,,:oo ",ilh fome olhers.
11
mllfl be obftrVed, Iha! metallic ruba.ores will oot
unile, extep' Ihey be both in
a
fimilar fiate; Iha,
i~,
hOl h io a melallioe form, or bOlh inrhe form of a glafs;
for a mualliot fubftance, rmioiog its rhlogifion, cannot
. oolratt all uoion wilh anymmllic glafs, even ils OVlO.
01
M
E TAL S.
T IIEU are
fi x
melals, ofwhich two are perfeél, aod
rour imperfeél. The perfe{l metals
are
gold and fi lm ;
~,e
olhers are eopper, lio, lead,
ao~
iroo. Some che·
Ilir.J
aruú
a
[mmh melal,
viz.
'luick·filver
i
bUI,
as
ir
s
T
n
y,
is oot malleable, it has been generally confiderelr as
8
melallic body of a paniclI!." kino.
•
Tire
aocico, clrcmifis,' or rarher 11r : .lchcrnifis, who
f.ncied a eerraio relation
or
aoaln~y
bu ween mtlals aod
the he.\Venlyhnrlies, belluwed on rhe.fel-cn OlU,II" ree,
onior, qllick fikcr ooe of Ilrem. Ihe "'lInes of Ihe fev"1\
plaoels of Ihe ancienl<, arrnrding 10 rhe aflioilY which
Ihey imagined Ilrey,'!'cen-ed ¡'clwecn thore fcveral bodi",
Thlls gnlJ was ealled
S,I.
lilvcr
1.111/(/,
copper
l't1/uI.
tin
]upil
:r,
Icad
SU/llrn,
ir"n
JIIufI .
and
~niek
lil vn
/l'I
rcr/rJ'-
Thongh rhefe oames lVere afligned (or rea.
fans nlcrely ehimeriCAI, yu Ihey fii ll kecp Ihór gronoJ;
fo
tlw
il is nol uocomOlon ro fiod Ihe met:r1s c. lled by
Ihe oames, aod denoled by Ihe eharalCers, of Ihe plJ'
om , in rhe wriling' cren 01' Ihe befl clrenrifis. /I1m ls
are Ihe hedvidl bodies koolVo io nJlure.
O(
CO LO .
Co r.o is the heavica of all mmls. The am of
wire drAwiog ?nd gohl-i,ealiog
OleW
ils wooderful duéli.
lily.
The
grearen .io!.:oce
uf
r,re il 001 ablt 10 pro·
duce any allerarion in ir.
G.old c<nnol be diOolved by any pure acid : but if Ihe
aeid of nitre be mixl·d IVilh Ihe . cid
of
fea -fal l, Ihere
refu!ts a compounu aeid
li~nor,
lVilh
whi~h
il has fo grear
ao ani nily. Ihal il is c:lp.ble of beiog perfeélly clifTolvéd
Ihereby. The clreollfis hale calleo Ihis folvent
oqua
r~~iJ,
00 accouel of ils being Ihe ooly acid Ihal can dil–
fol"e gold, whielr Iheyeonhder " Ihe kiog of OIelal9.
The f"IrHion of gold is of a beauliful oraoge colonr.
If gold dilTolved in
"9UO
rrgil
be prec'pi:ated by an
alkali or . n abforbcnr emh, theprccipirale gentil' dried,
and rheo expofed ro a cmaio degree of heat. i! inaaot.
Iy difpedeJ inlO Ihe air, IVi
1\1
a mon violenl cxplofion
aod onfe: gold lhus preeipilale.1is Iherefore called
ou·
' "111 /lIll11illOIll.
BUI if Ihe precipitated gold be
e~re'
fully IVal:led in pleoly of lI'aler, 1'0' as
10
clm
it of all
Ihe adhcring f.,line pa'lides, il will 001fu lminate ; but
may be melled io a cruclble IVirhOll! aoyaclJi lamcnr,
and
willlh~n
appear in ils ufual formo The .Ieid of I·i·
triol being poureJ on
aurum / ulllli1l0;1I
likewifc
d~pri"es ir uf ils fulmio:lliog qnali1Y.
ColJ does nOI hegio 10 fiow
J III
it be red·hol like
a
live eo.l!. Thollgh il he Ihe mofi malleable aod
mul~
dnéli," uf all mual" il has Ihe fi ognlar property 01' lo·
fiog ils dutlililYmore
e~fily
Ihan aoy of Ihelll: eveo Ihe
fumes pf charcoal are f,,¡fieieo l ro ucprive il thereof, ir
Ihey come 10
COOIJ~t
wirh il while ir is in fufion.
The m. lleabililYof Ihls mCIJI, aod ,"deed of alllhe
-ren, i! alfo eonfiderably dimioifhed byexpufing il
(u~·
deoly 10 eold wheo il is red hor; for examplc, by
queoehillg il io warer, or creo bardy expofiog il 10 Ihe
eold ai ro The w'y
10
refloreduthlily tOgold, wheo lult
by irs cOOling io cOillalq wilh the vap"ur oí coah, aod io
general
10
every olher met.,1 reodered lefs malleable by
being fudJeoly couldl, is 10 heat ir ag:r:io, to keepIhem
red hot a coofidcrublc tilOt, aod Ihen 10 lel Ihcmcool
very OOIV1 aod gmlually: Illis operarion
fl-e~uently
re·
pemd will by degrees mueh increafe Ihe malleabililY
of
a
mela!.
Pure fulEtiur bala
DO
dfcll
00 golü
i
but being com–
bined