1000000030

H E

,hey nre rario"ny altercd by ,heunior.s ,he)' havc coo·

,'a,qed lI'i,h rer,aio priociples of ,'egetables

anu

aoiOlals,

01'

",hich oo,hin" has becn ye,

f~io,

i, is proper 'o

def~r

~cing

panieuhrbeonceroing ,hem, ,il!

\Ve

hal'e explained

,hofe principies.

O/ L

1M,:.

Ihe lime

form wi,h il a while liquor, Ihis liquor il

called

lae ca/cil;

which, beiog left fome lime' lOfeltle,

grows ele., aod traofpareol, ,he lime whichwas fo fpend.

ed thereio and occafioned iu opacity fubfidiog

rhe

botlom of ,he velrel. Then Ihere forms on Ihe forfaee

of Ihe liquor a erynallioe pelliele, fomevÍhat opaque and

dark eoloured, whieh being Otimmed off is reprbdoceJ

from ,ime 'o ,ime. This mamr is calleJ

cr,mor ca/eh .

.fINY

f"bnaneewhatevrr. ,hat has beeo roanea a con.

fi,lnablc ti:ne io

flrong fire witlw", melting, is eom'

OIonll' ealled

ca"-

Stones aoe! merals

are

,he princi·

p,1

fuhj cas th" have the properry of being converted io'

calca.

0".11

treat of metalline

calm

in a fubfe·

quent ehapter, and in ,his eoofine ourfelfes to the

co /x

jlo".,

knowo by the name of

lime.

In treating of emhs in geoeral, we obferved thal ,hey

mal' be divieled inlo tWOpriocipal kiods ; ooe of which

aélually aoo proped)' flows wheo

expof~d

to ,heaélion of

lire, aod turos tOglafs; wheoce it is called

(/ljihle

vi/rifah/,

earrh; the olher refins ,he mmor, force of

fi re, aod is Iherefore faid lObe ao

unjujihle

tlnvi/rif·

abl:

earrh The Imer is alfo

001

uncammonly called

calcinable

emh; Ihough fundryfofts of onfufible earths

aTe incapable of acquiring by· ,he aaioo of fire all the

qUlli,ics of

ealeit",1

emh, or

lim,

properly fo called :

¡l,,:h ear,hs are parricularly dininguilhed by the

deo~mi·

o. tion

01'

,,(raflor)

eanhs.

. As

rl!~

d.ffm ot fons of nones are oothing more ,han

rum~nunds

of Jiffereot earrhs, ,hey have ,he fame pro·

pe.

[i,s with ,he e:mhs of whieh they are compofed, .od

mIl', like ,h,m, bedivided ioto fufible or .i"ifiable; and

unfu!ible orcalcinable. The fufib!e flones

are

generally

¿, outed by the name of

Jlin/I ;

the cakioable nones, ••

gai n, are the fel'erol Cons of marbles" cretaceous flones,

thoCe commooly called free.nones,

&c.

fome of whieh,

'as ,hey mJke ,he ben lime.

are,

by '\Vay of emioeoce,

callcd

lim:jl1neJ.

Sea·Olells alCo, and nooes th.. , .

bound ",ith foflile Ihells,

are

capable of being burot tO

lime.

AII

Ihefe {ubnaRces beiog expofed for a looger or

(horrer time 'o ,he , ioleot aNion of fire, are fai d lO be

""tcirud.

By calrio..ion [hey lofe a eoofiderable part of

their weighr, acquirea whireeolour, and becomefriable,

Ihough ever fo folid before : as, for ionaoce, the very

harden marbles. TheCe fubllances, wheo thus calcioed,

tak~

,heoame of

quid·lim,.

Water peoetrates quick.lime, and ruOles into il wilh

vall aélivi,y . If

lump of newly ealcioed li\De be ,hrowo

i"to water, it io!laody exciles almon as great a ooife, e·

bullirioo, and fm6ke, as would be produeed .by a piece

of red·hot iron; with fuch a degree of heat lOO, ,hat, ir

Ihe limebe in due proportioo 'o the wa,er, i, will fel fi re

tO combuflible booics; as hath uoforrilOa,e1y happeoed

tO vdTds ladeo wilh quick lime, on their fpringiug a

fmalll<ak.

As foon as quick·lime is pu,

iO.lo

water, i, fIVells, aod

falls ,funder intu ao infioite number

01"

m:oute partides :

io • \Vord , it is in a manner dilrolv.d by the water,

which forml therewith a fort of \Vhile palie called

jlaeJ..

d' limt .

If the qu, o,ilYof Water be confiderable eoough fot

Slacked lime gradually grows dry, aod takes ,he form

of a folid body, bot foil of craeks and

den"ot~

h~m.

oefs. The eveot is diffcrenl wheo you mix,il up, while

yel a palie, with a cenaio quaoti,y of uoe,lcined flony

mamr, fuch as faod for example: ,hen il takes ,heoame

mor/ar,

and gradually . cquires, as il grows drier aod

older, a hardnefs equal to Ihat of the bell nones. This

is a very fiogular property of lime, oor is i, eafy lO ac·

COIlOI for il; but il is a beneficial ooe, for every body

koows the ufeof mortar io buildiog.

~ick.lime

amaéls ,he moiflure of ',he air io Ihe fame

manner as conceotrm d aeiels aod

~ry

fixed alkalis, bUI

001

io fuch qllanti[ies as 'o render it fluid: it ooly faJls

ioto extremely fmall partieles, takes ,he form of

filie

powder, aod ,he titleof

IiM

jlacJ.,d in

~he

airo

Lime once flaeked, however dryil may afterIVardsap'

pear. allVays

retai~s.

large portioo of

rh~ wat~r

il h,ld

imbibed; whiehcanOOI be fe paraled from

agalO bUI by

meansof aviulcnl cafeioarioo. Being fo reeakined il re·

iuros

be quid· lime, recoveriog all i,s properties.

Refides this grw aflioity of quick.lirue wilh water,

whieh difcovers a falioe charaélcr, it has (everal other

faline properries, 'o be afterwards examined, much re·

fembliog ,hofe of nxed alb lis. lochenllflry il aéls Tery

oearly

thofe (al" do, aod mal' be eooliJered as hold·

ing the midole ronk betweeo apure abforbenl

ear~h

and

a fixeo alkali ; aod this hath indoced many chemlns tO

Ihink ,hat lime eontains atrue fah, tOwhich all thepro·

penies it polrelrcs io common wirh (ahs ml y be ami·

bUlcd.

But as the

chcmic~1

ex.minariou of ,his (ubjeél halh

loog been

oegl~éled,

,he exiflence of a faline fubllaoee io

lime harh been loog doublful. Mr du Fay was ooe of

the firn who obtained a falt fr"m lime, by lixivi..iog il

wilh

great deal of water, which he afterwards evapo..

rated. But the quami,y of (. h he obtaiord by thar

meaos was verv fmal! ; nor was il of ao alkalioe oature,

as one would thiok it OlOuld have beeo, coofideriog ,he

propenies of li·me. Mr du Fay did OOt carry his expe·

rimeots

this fubjeél any futl her, probably for want

of time; oor did he determioe of what oatUre the falt

was.

Mr Malouio hád ,he curiofity tOexamine Ihis (al, of

lime. aod foon found ,hat it was nothiog elfe bu, what

was above ca\led

cmllor c," ciJ.

He found moreover,

tha" by mixiog a fixed alkali lVith lime·water, a vitriol·

md tartar IVas formed; Ih.., by mixiog therewith ao

alkali !ike Ihe bafis of fea·falt. a Glauber's f,h

W3S

pro·

rloced; aod, hntv. by combioing lime wirh a fubflance

abouodiog in phloginoo, he oblaiocd atrtle fulphur. The(e

"ery

io~eoious

experimeots prote ro ademoonratioo, rhar

Ihe vitriolie acid connitutes rhe f. lt of lime; for; as hath

beea lhewD, no olher acid

i.!

capable of forming lu,b

CODlbl'