1000000030

L A

wife the honour of Ciare, in the county ofThomond,

was afterwards declared duke of Ciarence; whieh

dllkedom afterwarcls efeheating tO Edward IV. he

made this earl a king at arms.

olliec is

mar·

fhal and UpoCe of the funmls of all lhe lower nobi·

luy, as baronets, knights, e!quires, on the Couth fide

of the Trent ; whenee he is Cometimes eallcd Surroy,

or South·roy, in eontradi!linélion tO Norroy.

CLARENDON. The eonllitutions of Clarendon, are

eertaio eeclefiaHieal laws drawn up at Clarendon, near

Salilbury. They were fixtcen in number, all tending

to rellrain the power of the clergy, and readily alfent–

ed to by all the bifhops and barons, lhe arehbifhop

Heeket exeepted, who oppoCed them at firfl, bUI was

afterwards prevailed upon to fign lhem. The pope

Alex, nder

1lI.

declmd aeainn and annulled mu!l of

them.

CLARENzA, the capital of a duehy of the Came name

in Ihe Morea: it is a Cea·pon town, filuated on the

Mediterranean, twenty-fix miles Couth of Pelras: E.

long.

40',

N. lat.

40'.

CLARET, a name given by Ihe Freneh to Cueh of their

red wines as are not of a deep or high eolour. See

W'N·E.

CLARICHORD, or MAN' CHORD, a mufieal ioflru

ment in form of a Cpinnet.

has forty-nine or fifly flops, and Ctventy flrings,

whieh bear on five bridges, the r,rfl whereofis the high·

efl, lhe rdl diOliniOung in proportion. Some of the

!Irings >re in uniCon, thtir number being grearer than

that of the flops

There are Ceveral liule mortoifes

for pafling the jaeks, arOled IV,th braCs hooks, whieh

!Iop and raiCe the ehords inflead of the fmher uCed in

virgioals and Cpinnm: but what dillinguifhes it mofl

is, thal the ehords are eovered wilh pieees of cloth,

whieh render the fountl Cweeter. and deaden it

Co,

that

it eannot be heard at'any eon(¡derable di llanee : whenee

it comes to be partieularly in uCe among the nuns. who

lea

to play, and are unwilling to dillurb the filenee

of the dormi,ory.

CLARIFICATION. in ehemillry. the aél of clearing

and fi ning any fluid from aH heterogeneous maner or

feeulencies. See CH

EM ISTA

CL ..\RION, a kind of trumpet, whoCe tube is narrOIVer,

and iu tone aeuter and fhriller thao lhat of the eom–

mon trumpet.

is Caid that the clarioo, oow uCed

.moog the Moors aod PortugueCe, IVho borrrowed it

from the Moon, Cerved aneienrly for a treble to Ce·

veral tumpm. ",hieh rolloded teoor and baC,.

CLAR'

OH,

io heraldry, a bearing as reprefeoted io

ate

LXV. fi g.

he bem ruby, Ihree clar.ons topaz, be–

ing the arms of the earl of Bath, by lhe rame of

Granville : Guillim is of opinion, Ihat theCe three

clarions are a kiod of old·{ ..fhioned trumpels; bUlo–

thm

C.y,

lhat Ihey r.uher reCemble the rudder of a

fhip ; nrhers, • rtil for a lance.

CLARO-OBSCURO, or CLA'R OA SCUkE . in paint–

ing, the

3rt

of d,flribuling tO advantage the lights anu

'fhadows of a pieee, bOlh Wilh

re~ard

the tafiog of

the eye, and Ihe effet'l of the ",hole pieee.

CLARO-O BS CURO , or CH'ARO ' SCUR O, is alCo "Ced

VOL.l[' No.

3G.

L A

figoirya dl(¡gn confi(Jing ooly of twO colours, moft

ul'oally black aod white, but Com<times blaek and yel–

low; or it is a dt figo wan,ed ooly wilh ooe eolour,

the fhadows beiog of a duO,y browo eolour, aod the

lights heighteoed up Wilh while.

The word is al(o applied to two priolS of tifO eo–

Jours, takeo off

twiee, whereof lhere are volumes

io the eabiom of the curious io priots.

CLARY, in botaoy. See SALVIA.

CLAkV-WATER, a Cpirit

dr.wo

from ao ¡ofufioo of tite

herb clary in Cpirit of wioe, beio&. oery pleaCaot aod

excellent enrdial.

CLASMIUM , io natural hiflory, conflitutes a dininél:

geous of gypCums by itrel(, being more

CoCt,

dull, and

opake, than other kiods: it neilher gives fire with

(Jeel, oor fermeots wilh aqua fortis; but ealcioes rea–

dily io Ihe fire, aod affords a oery valuable pl , (Jer.

CLASS, an appell. tioo gi\'en tO the mo(J general {"odi·

vifioos- of any thing: Ihus, aoimal is CubJi. ,deo

ir.IO

the clalfes quadrupeds, birds, fifhes.

tIc.

whieh aTe

again Cubdivided ioto rerieCes or oroers; aod thefe laft

ioto geoera. Sce NATURAL H'STORV, aod !lo–

TANY .

CLA SS is alCo uCed io Cehools, in a Cynonymous CeoCe

wilh fonn, {or a numb: r o( boys all leMoiog the fame

thing.

CLASS IC, or CLASSl CAL, an epithet ehitAy applied

to authors read io the

cI•

.rres al fehools.

This term reeOls tOowe ils origio to Tulli"s Servius,

who, in order to ruake an .(Jimale o( every penoo's

ellate, divi,led the Roman people ioto fix ba.d"

whieh he ealled clarres. The eUate of the firn

cl~Cs

was oot tO be uoder

200

aod IheCe by WlJj or emi–

oenee were ealled

c/aJlici,

olJflics: heoee authors of

the firfl raok came

beealled clallics, all the tefl be–

iog Caid tO be

in/ro clnJ!rlll:

thus Ariflorle is a claC–

fie aUlhor io philoCoplty; Aquinus, in [chool·divi .

oity,

tIc

CLATHRUS, io botaoy. a genus of the cryptog.mia

fungi d aCs. This fungus is rOl,odin" aod full of can–

celli. The Cpeeie, are (our, none of them nati"s of

Britain.

CLATTE, in hmldry, ao apptllation giveo to imgu–

lar lioes, not reducible to thoCe eommooly uCed. Sec

L' Nt.

CLAVARIA, in botloy, • genus of Ihe cryptogami:t

(uogi claCs

lt is Cmoolh aod obloog. Tite fpeeies

are eight, Ceveo of whieh are oatives o( Rrilain,

vi:.

the pinillaris, or fimple elavaria; the ophioglolfoides,

or black d avaria; the digirata, or fingrred cI.varia ·

the hypoxyloo, or flJt cI. varia; the eoralluides, o;

yel low cI.varia; Ihe (lfligiala, or (Jillkillg cldwia .

and Ihe muCcoides. Or poioted da.,ria .

CLAVES INSU LA':, a tcrm uCed io ,he iOc of Man'

where all weighty aod ambigllous cauCes are referrcd

tOa jury of twelve, who are ealltd

clilU<J

il/jid."

Ihe

ktys

the iO.otl.

CL '\Vl\LES . in ao. to'11y. See Vol.

175.

CLAV IS properl y figoifics a key, and is fome,i,n. s

uC~d

i" EngliO, 'o deoote ao cxpl.lOatioo uf rOOle obCcure

I'atr' g<s io any bouk or

wri, in~.

CUUSF,