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CIRSOCELE, a fpecies of hernia. Sce ¡'!EDI CINB
~nd SU" GE" Y•
CISALPI NE, ~ny thing on this fide Ihe :\I ps. Thus
the Romans dividl'd Gaol into eif.lpinc aocl tr,¡nf~lpine.
CISLEU, in Hebrewehronology. Ihe ninth ml'mh of
their ecclefianieal, and the thilo of the civil year, ano
fw<rillg lIeu ly tO bor N{)vcn,licr.
CISMAR, a town óf lower Saxony, in Gcrmany, at a
liule dillanee from the Baltie fea.
:'ISSAMPELOS, in batany, a genl1s of the ditrcia
monadclphia clafs. The c.lix of the male has four
leaves; the corolla is wanting; the neélarium is rota·
ted ; and Ihe (lamina are lour conneéleo together.
The calix of Ihe fémale conli(ls of one ligul"ted round·
ilh leaf; it has no corolla; the lIyli aré three j and
the fruit is a berry containing one feed. Tbere are
three fpedes, all nali"es o( America
(:ISSOID, in gtometry, a curve o( Ihe fecond order,
firn inyenteo by DiOtM, whenee it is e.lled the cif.
foid o( Dioclts. See FLUXION S.
CISSUS, in batany, a genos of the tetraodria monogy·
nia clafs. The berry comains bot one feed, and is fO l.
roonded b'y the corolla and calix, which are both di·
vided into foo r fegmenls. The fpeeies are nve,.1I na·
tim of the Indies.
CISTERCIANS, in ehurch hiflory, a religioos order
foonded in the el<Hnth ceotory bySt Robert, , bene·
diaine. They beeame fo power(ol, that they govern·
ed almon all Eorope, bollt in fpi and tempo–
rals. Cardinal de Vitri deferibing their obferv.nces,
fays, they neither wore Ikins nor Ihirts; nor erer eat
flelh, except in fi ; and abfla'ned from filh, eggs,
milk, and cheefe: they I.y upon Ilraw·beds, in their
tonies and eowls: they rofe at midllight to prayers :
they fpent the day in laboor, reading and prayer :
and in all their exercifes obferved a eol\tiooal filenee.
The habit of the Ciflereían monks is a white robe,
in Ihe nalOre of a e"fI'oek, \Vith a blaek bpullfY
aod hood, and is girt with a \Vooden girdle. The
nons wear a white tonie, and a blaá Ic.polJry and
girdle.
CISTERN, denotes a fobterraneous refervoir of rain ·
water; or a vefI'e! ftrving as a reeeptacle for rain or
other waler, for Ihe neeefI'ary oles of a famdy.
There are likewife lead·einerns, jar.eillerns, &c.
See PLUMBERY and J.\R .
Aothors menI ion a eiflero of C~nlla ntinople, the
' .uhs of whleh are fopported by twO rows of pill. rs,
21 2 in eaeh row, eaeh pillar belng IWO feet in diame·
ter. Thty are planted cireolarly, .nd in radii ttnd–
ing to tha! o( th~ eenter.
CISTUS, in , a genos of Ihe polyandria mono·
gyni. e1,(s. T I,e eorull. eonfifls of nve pelals, and
the oa:ix of five leaves, two of thenl being lefs
thao the olher I\YO. The fpecies are 37, and only
h'e (lf thern oatives o( Brildin, .iz. the goltollls,.
or annual eillu~; the hcli.nlhemom, or dw,¡rf eillus,
orfon flower ; the forreianos, or n?l'ro\Y· lóavcd cilios;
the polii.folios, Or moonlain dwarf cillus j and the 1m–
rotos. or hoary dwar( cirios.
CITADEL, a place fortifi,d w;lh Cour, fiv~, oc fix bao
e v
(lions, built on a convcnicnt groond near a city, lhac
it may eomm, nd it in c:.re of a cebellion.
CITATI ON, in eeele:'allie.1 couns, is lhe fa me wilh'
Cummons in eivd courts. See SOMMONS .
CITA'fI ONis alCo a quowion o( fome law, aUlhority,
or paO'age of a book.
CITH /\R.>\, in anliqoity, a mofieal inllrument, the
precifé flroétn re of whieh is not koown; fome think
it r& mbkd the Gmk delta 6; and others, the
fh ape of a hal( moon. At hril il ha,¡ ooly three
Ilflngs, bot Ihe uomber was at dilferent times inere.–
fed tO cight, to nine, and lafll y to tweoty·foo r. It
w"s oCed 10 entertainments aud private hOllres, . ud
pl.yed opon with a plcélrom or qoill , like the I)'rc.
CITHAREXYLON, in bOlany, • genus of the didy.
namia angiofpermia . The ealix is bell .Olaped,
and has hve teeth ; lhe eorolla is tonnel 1h,lped; anc!
the berry cont.ins two feeds. There are two Cpeeie!,
both natives of America.
CITHARISTA,orCtTHAROEOus, onewl.,l played On
the eithara.
CITILLE, in zoology, the trivial name of a Cpeeies of
mos. See Mus.
CITIZEN, a nalive or inhabitant of a eity, vefled with
the freedom and libm ies of it.
A eilizenof Rome wasdiflingoiOled froma llrangu,
beeaofe he b, longed 10 no eemin eommonweallh fuo·
jeé! 10 the Romatls. A eitizen is either by birth or
eleélion; and fons may derive the righl from lhei,
fathers. T o make a good Roman citizen, it was lIe·
eefI', ry 10 be an inhabitant of Rome, to be inrolled i"
one of the trihes, and to be eapable of dignilies.
Tliofe tOwhom \Yere granted Ihe righls and privilcges
of Roman eitinns, were only honor~ry eilizens. It
was not la"fol 10 feoorge a eiliu n o( Rome.
C!TRI NELLA, in o.nithology. See E"B E" IZA.
CITRINUS. in nalo"I hillory, a kino o( fprig eryflal,
of a ¡ine yellow eolour, whieh being fel in rings IS of·
ten miflaken for a topaz.
CITRON·TREE, in botany. See CITR US.
CITR:ULLUS, in bot. ny. Sce CUCUR8ITA.
CI rRU$, in bOlany, a genos o( the poly,dclphia ieo–
fandria cI.lfs. T he ealix is divided into ¡ive fegmeots ;
the petalJl are hve, ~nd oblong; and the t'roit :s a ber–
ry, eonfilling of nine eells. T hefpeeies are three. viz.
the medica, or lemon·tree, a native of Afia; lhe ao·
rantium, or orange· tree, a native of the I'ndies j and
the lrifoliata, a native of Japan.
Cr rTADELLA, Ihe eapi lal o( the ifl,lnd o( Mino,ea,
abOUI IWcnty· !hrce miles \Yefl of Port·mahon: E.
b ng. 3° 30', N. lat. 40°.
CnTADEI:.LII PIEVE, a town of Italy, in lhe lerri·
10ries of the pupe, ne" the lake of Perofa.
CIVENCHEU, a eity o(China, the fceon~ r.1elropoIis
·of the provinee of Fukien, in 2yo N. lal. and 2° 1)'
can uf Pekin.
CIVES, the Englifh name of a fpeeies of onion, grow–
ing in tU(IS, and Cddom exeeed,ng fix indtes In heigbl :
thcy never produc< any bulbs, anu are moeh ofed in
[ in fp ring.
CI VET, a fofl unéluous matter rroduecd in lhe manne.
of