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CLINIC, a lerm applied by Ihe aneient ehnrch·hillo·
rians, to thoCt \Vho received bapliCm on Ihei r dealh·
bed.
CLI NIC mrJicine, was panicnlarly uCed for Ihe melhon
of ,'ifiting and trealing fick perCons in ben, for Ihe
more exaél diCcoverv of all the fymptoms of their diC·
e,Ce.
CLINQlDES , iom lomy. Sce Vo!.!, p. Il8.
CLINOPODIUM, io bOlany, a genus of Ihedidynamia
gymnoCpermia claCs. The involucrum is hoary. The
fpecies are three, onlyone of which is a native of Bri·
tain, viz. the vulg~re, or great wild bafil.
CLlO, inzoology, a genus of ioCeéls belonging lOthe
order of yermes molluCca; Ihe body is oblong, and 6t·
ted (or Cwimming; and it has two membraoac~ous
IVings plaeed oppofite to eaeh other. T he Cpeeies are
three,. prineipaUy di(linguifhed by the fhape of their
vagina, and are all natives of Ibe oeean,
CLlPEUS, in natural hi(lory, a name given to Ihe nat
depreffed eentroni:e, from their refembliog a fhidd,
See CES TRON IA.
CLITORIA, in botany, a genus o( the diadelphia de·
(andria cla(s. The vexillum i, large, open, plaited,
and eovers the alz . The fpeeies are five, all natives
of the Indies.
CLITORIS, in anMomy. See Vol. 1. P.2 76.
CLOACA, in Rom.n antiqllilY, the eommon fcwer, by
whieh the filth of Ule Cily of Rome was earried a·
way,
CLOCK, a kind of movement, or machine, ferving to
meaCure time.
The invention of docks is . ttribuled to Paci6eus,
archdeaconofVerona, who lived in the time ofLolha
rius: others aCcribe il to Boetins, about the year 510 :
be tha as il IVi ll, it i, eenain, that the art of making
doeks, Cuch as are now in uCe, wa; either fir(l invento
ed, or at lea(l retrieved inGermapy, about '30 years
ago; and the invention o( pendulum clocks, Co 1m as
the lall age, i6 diCputed between Huygens ane! ·
leo. For the principies ofClochndWald [JIo,l, fee
WATCH.
CLOGHER, a eity and bilhop's Cee of Ircland, in Ihe
eounty of T yrone, and provinee of UI(ler, fituated
twelve miles \\,e(l of Armagh: W. long. 7° 30', and
N. lat. 54° 16'.
CLOISTER, an habilation furrounded with walls, and
inhabited by religiolls.
In a more general CenCe, it is "Ced for a mona(lery
of religions of eitiler b. In the fira Cenfe, il is the
principal part of a regular monaaery, being a Cqll. re
Currounded Wilh walls or buildings. 11 is eommonly
plaeed between the chureh, Ihe chapler.houfe, and re·
(eélory, underneath the dormitory.
CLOSE. in heraldry. When any bire! i! dra\Vn in a
coa of ~rms \Vith its wings clofe down .bout jI, (i. r.
nOI difplayed), and in a fl,lOding pOfllll'C, lhcy blaton
il by lhis \Vord clo/<; bUI i( il bt fi ying, Ihey eall il
vDJanl . See VOLANr.
CLOT.bird. Sce FR INCILLA.
CLOTH, in commcrce, a manufaélure made of \Vool,
wove in lhe 100m.
VOL. 11. No. 39'
2 11 e L o
Clolhs are of áims ~ualities, fine or coulfe. TI"."
goodnefs of clolh, aecording 10 Come, conf:ls in tI,~
following particulars. l . T hal die IVool be of •
good qualily, ónd IVdl drerred. 2. II mull be <:
quaUy Cpun, ca re(ully obCerving lhal lbe lh" ad of
lhe warp be fi ner and better llVi(led than lhal of
the woof. 3. The cloth mufl be \Vell wroughl, and
beaten 00 lhe 100m, fo as to be everywhere equaU)'
eompaél. 4. The wool mu(l nOl be finer al one end of
lhe piece than iD the re(l. 5. The lills mua be cumó ·
ently l!rong, of lhe Came lenglh \Vilh lhe nllff, and mufl
eonfifl of ¡¡ood wool, hair, or oflrich.fealhers; ur,
what is (lill bener, of DaniO, dog's hair. 6. T he
clolh mul! be (ree from knolS, aodolher imperfeélior'.
7. h mul! be well Ccoured IVilh fuller's emh, w~11
fulled IVilh lhe be(l while foap, and aflerwards IValJ¡·
ed in clear water. 8. The h~ir or nap mull be ,"el!
dF.1wn Oul ",ilh lhe teazel, wilhout beinz 100 mue;'
opened. 9. lt mun be /horo cloCe wilhont making it
thread·bare. 10. h mufl be \'Idl dried. 1 t. lt O1u ll
nOl be temer·(lretched, 10 (orce il tOilS ju(l dimen·
fions. 12. !t mu(l be prcffed cold, nOl hOI prefi~tI,
the laner being very injurious lO woolen clOlh.
Manula{luring 01 'Whilr clOlhJ 'Which an inlena,d fl r
d)'ing.
Thc be(l wool for the manuf~éluring of cloths ~re
Ihofe England and Spain, efpecially lhofe of Lineoln·
fhireand Segovia. To uCe lItOC~ wools 10 lhe bd, adl·~n.
lage, lhey mu(l be Ccoured, by p:lIling lhcmiotoa Ir·
quor Comewhat more lhan lukewu01, compofed of
lhree pans fair IValer, and one of urjne. Afler lhe
wool has eominued long enough in lhe liquor 10
and diffolve lhe greaCe, il js drained and well W,¡OICJ
in running water. When it (eels dry, and has r.o
fmell bUl Ihe natural olle of lhe Ibeep, il is faid 10 b~
duly Ceoured.
Afler lhi, il is hung to dry in the Ihade, lhe hm
of lbe Cun making il harlh and inflexible : when dry,
it is beat ",ilh reds upon hurdles of wood, or on
cords, 10 cleanCe il from dull, and Ihe groff<T lilrh ;
lhe moreil is lhus beat and cleanfed, Ihe Cofler il be·
comes, and Ihe beBer for Cpinning. A(ler bealing, it
mun be IVcll pickeel, 10 free il from lhe ren of lhe
fihh Ihal had efeaped lhe rods.
h is now in a proper eondition to be oiled. •nd
carded on large iron eards, plaeed fi opewife. Olí,e
oil is eneemed lhe be(l for lhis purpo(e: Me fiflh of
IVhich ntould be uCed for lhe wool i",ended for lhe
woof, and a ninlh for lhal defi¡;ned (or the IVarp.
Afler lhe wool has been well oiled, it is given 10 lLe
fpinners, who firO eard it on lhe !lnee \Viln (mall fine
e"ds, and Ihen fpin it on lhe whecl, obCerving 10
makc lhe lhread oC lhe warp fmalb by one lhir(~
lhan lhal of lhe woof, and much compaéler twillee!.
Tt'e lhre2d tll'IS Cpun, reeled, and m~de imo ficeins,
Iha¡ dl r,~n{d (or lhe IVoof is \Vound on linle lit!>" ,
piece! o( paper, or rtl!hes, fo difp"C"e!, as Ihal lb,y
may be eafily pUl in lhe eye of lhe Ihunle. Thal for
lbe warp is woune! on a kind ofl arge wlloden bnhhins,
10 dllpofe it (ur IVarping. When .o..ped , ;1 i! lIifftn–
ed \Vilh he, liJe befl of .ohich is thdl made of fimos
t 3 H of