1000000031

P H L

( 477 )

PIlO

PH:LONJUM, io pharlnaey, a killd·" f fomoiferous aoo–

dvne opiate. t:tking

its

niune

from Pililo (he

invt:ntor.

rHILOSOPH h R . a perfoo verfed

philolophy; or ooe

who makes profellioo

01,

or applies himfdf lO, lhe ClllJy

of n.Hure

and moril lit

PHILO'O' HER·S STONE. ,he grcateCl objca of alchymy,

is a long Cought

fOf

prcpJ.ration. whi..:h, whc:n found, is

to C(\l\vc:rt

itll ¡he

true mercqlial pan of

metal

ioto pUTe

gold. bettcr th;¡n any Ihat is dug out of 1111:: mines,

perfeaed by the refiocr's art; aod thi, ooly by eaning a

Jitde quÁntity thereof

uron

metals

in fulion, whilfl that

pUl

of the

f.letal

which

was not mercury is

immedicHely

burnt er blown

'3\1.'3Y.

Hut this. like every other

rcien –

tihe cl1imera, will

fOf

c~er

dude

lhe

refealches of

mOlo- '

kiod.

PHILOSOPHIC. or PKILO.O'HICAL, (om«hiog that

rel.tes to philofophy. Se< 1'K I

o So,,

H Y.

PHILOSOPHICAL ECC, amoog chcmiCls, a thia

gl.fs

–

body, or bubble. of the n'Ape of aa cgg, with a loog

neck or Oe"" ufed in digcHions.

PIIILOSOPHY. the koowledge or Cludy of oatltre and mo–

ralilYt founded on rea(on and

t'xperitllce.

Sce

MECHA–

NICS, QpTI C5, ASTRONOMY . L OGIC, IvrORA LS,

6c.

PHILYCA, io botAny, a geous of Ihe peolaodria mooogy–

nia eh..fs . The

pt l

ianthium is lurbinated, 3t"d divided

In-

five fegmeots

has no pctals,

bUI

five fcales fortify–

ing lhe Oamina. T here are lix fpecies, none of them

Da',

rives of Bri:aio.

PHlMOSlS, io medicine, a diforder of ,he peo is, io which

1he prepuce is

rendered

Clriét

or tcofe, that

canoot

be drawo b2ek over the gl.o.. See

ICI

N E.

PHLEBOTOMY, the openiog a v<i" with a proper fharp .

edg~d

and

poinlcd

¡nlhurnent of (lee), in' arder

Jet out

a proper q'.lantity of blood, either for the prefervation or

recovery of a perfon's heahh .

PHLEGM, io ,he animal <l:eooomy, ooe of the four hu–

rnours whereof the aocieots fllppofed tbe blood to be cam–

pared.

T he chcmins mt\ke phlegm,

water,

elementa ry

boJ)', the chanaer. of whieh are fluidilY, iofipidi,y, aod

volatility.

PHLEGMAGOC;UES, ia ph.rmaey. fueh medieioes as

purge off phlegm: fueh are hermod.aylo, ag>rie, turbith,

jal.p. 6c.

PHLFGM·ATIC, . moog phyfieians, an .pp<ll.tioo giveo

tha't

temperament o

or h:luit

of the body,

wherein

phlegm

is Frcdo:ninant ; which

gives

rift

cacarrh" ,

coughs,

&c.

PHLEGMON, deootes ao ex' eroal iron.mm.lioa aod

tumour,

attended

""i th

;¡

burning heat

&c.

PHLEUM. io bnlaoy. a geou. of

ti"

triaodria digyoia

rI2(s. The

calix

(olJfiOs

of t\Vo linear', trllncateJ ví\lvcs;

lhcre

are five frecies.

Ihree of them n:\ti\'es of Rriuin,

(Iiz

the

phten(e.

cr rnea¿ow

Cí\l'~-tall .grí\fs;

the

pl'lni–

cula~um,

or branched cat's-tad

grafs

and

rhe nodoCul11,

bul':ofc

cal's-12il grafs,

PllLOGlOI AUG [A a c1af, of fotlils, Ihe eh.raaers of

which ar! ,

th:u ,he bodies

cornprchencrd in

are

Iranr·

pare~t

and inn,lmm.lbJe :

Cuch

are

fulphur-,

orpimenr,

urOlck, and ambcr.

PHLOG ISCIERJA. allolher clafs of fetlil" wbieh are

inBammolblc bcdi(s o[ a

coarrer

aod more

impure

tc:xtur::,

"00

oot pdlu:id, foeh are

amber~".fe;

j", . rph.l:a'

an~pelitcs,

and

Jithanthrax ,

PllLOGISTON . Seo CHHlISTRV, p.

68.

PHLOGO¡"; IJE, a c1.f,

eompound, ioB. mOlable, aod

me,alJic

foffils,

found in fmall mdfTes lJf deu:rminau:ly an.

guiar figurt:s; comprehending the

pyricubia,

pyrol to&.lJnia,

ao.! pynpolygooid.

' P IJLOMlS, in bOlany,

geous of the didyoamia gymno–

Cpermia cI"Cs.

Thc calix is angulctr;

and

lhe fllpc:rior

lip

of the

corolla

comprdictl,

¡ncu.mbenl,

and

kairy_

There

are

lwelve

fptcies,

nlJoe

thcm nd,tlvc:s

of Bn ...

taia,

PHLOX. io botaoy, a geous of the pt otaodria mooogyoia

clafs. The eorolla i, Otapea

It~e

a jug

,he filameoto

are

uoe~ ~al ;

the fligm. i, tri6d; aod the e.pfule hlO

three cells, and contí\i ns bUI one feed,

PHL

YCT JENJE,

io medicioe. fmall erop,ioo,

the O<Ío .

PHOCA, in zoolog.y, • geous of quadrupeds' of tbe order

of lhe ferre.

has fi" parallel fore-teeth in the uppcr

j<tw,

lhe

outermoU

being Jarger; and

four

bJuot, par¡l..

Id,

diClioa, equal fore-teeth

tbe under jaw:

bUl one dog-tooth, and five

(ix three 'pointed grinders

aod ,he hiod-feet are uoited fo

to relemble a fifh', rail.

There are three

fpecies,

vi:z,

1 ,

The

urfina, or

fea.bear.

h'as external

ears. This

animal

fwims with incredible

fwif,ocf,: The males have ofteo

120

female., foo., and

daughters,

in cheir

traln. They copulate on

lbe Chore,

lhe (em, Je Iyiog

their baeks. They are hardly .fraid

of meo, and bite

nones

when

lhrowft

;u Ihem.

Each

bas

a particular Clone for hi. bed, whieh Ihey feldom defert.

They ofteo fight for their ",ive.

~od

b.ds

; when oae i.

'beat

off,

anocher makes

a frefu allack, and th us

(ucceed

ahernately,

(\Vo

never :lnacking one,

till rhe

whole be

.og.ged, wheo they make

hideous wailiog naife. They

are fuund in

the

northern

fed'. 2.

The léonirra, or

(ea ..

lioo, has a ereJl on his f.rehead. They are found ae.r

the fouth pole. They fwim io troops, aod figh t for thei r

wives. 3,

1 'he

vitulina:

or fea-cillf,

h..s a

(mooth

head.

without

externaJ

ea rs.

T hey

inhabil the

European

o·

ceao. They geoeraIly Oeep upoo Clooes .bo,'e the w.ter,

aod are cafily killed by

Clroke above the oofe.

PHOCEA, a eity of Oeolis, on the well eoan of the Je{fer

Ar.a. aocieotly fo called.

l'HOEN lCOPTERUS, or FLAM'NCO . io ornithology,

geoul of birds "elooging tO ,he arder of grall.,. T he

be..lk is

n:tked, tcerhed,

and bent a.

were

broken;

the

noftrils

are linear

and

the

feet

are palmateJ,. and

four~toed ,

T here is but ene

fpecie"

a nalive of

I\.ftica

and America .

PHOENIX: io anronomy. See ASTRONOMV, p.

487.

PHQENIX .

Ihe

GREAT

PA LM ,

DATE-1'RES,

botany,

a genus of

plants.

the charaéters

which are

nOI

ye(

pcrf<ftly .fcertained : Ihe

m.le

aod fen"l< Bo\\'ers are

on ditlioa plaots, or

the f.Ole fp.¿i".

PHOLAS. a geous of infeels

beh,"~lOg

tO the arder of

Verotes teClac.a. Thc Ihell is double-valveol aod divan–

cateo: the

cardo

turr.cd

backwards, and conneéled

• " rtilage. Ther. are fix fpeei:" d'f!i r.gui:heJ by the

figure

01"

dleir Ibells.

PHONICS, the doCtrioe or feie oee of fouod., othenvife

c;¡lIeo acountcs , See

PNEUM'ATI CS .

PHOSPHORUS. See CHHtlSTH, p.

113,

HIRENES,