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P H A ( 475 ) P H A
is moa enamed . It is fo gery inll"mmJblc, that while
il 00 the fUI (,Ice of Ihe water, as it does in nJ"ny
pclrts oC I t~ly. it t:lke$ fjrC' al the tlpproflcb oC a caodle.
Pctroleum is fl,)und in rt\'crs, in wclls, and tnckling
down thc: Gd,,-s of hiJls 3.1.:1Og Wlth little (lr('2ms of w;¡·cr.
In {hore, it is the mun (r<''luent of all the )¡quid bitu–
meo!, alld 15 perhap' the OloH \'aluable uf themal1 in
medicine: 11 15 to be chofen lhe purett, Iightdl. and
moll pellucid that call be hado fuch <l., is of lhe OloR p~j
netr;uing (mc:II and is mon InRammable.
It is pnnei p, lIy uCed ex,ern,lIy. io p. raly,ie caCes. aod
in patns of the IImbs.
PETROMYZON. in ieh,hyology. a genus belonging 'o
rh e amphtbia nantes chr, . Ir has (even fpiracula al lhe
(ide oC ,he neck. 00 gills, • fiCl" I. 0 0 ,he ,op o( ,he he.d.
and no breall or belly 60 S. There are three fp_ecies.
di(linguifhed by peculiaritics in the barok fins .
PETR OSA OSSA, in .na,omy. See ANATOMY. p. 295.
ÓC.
i'E1TAW. a ei,)' of G !rrD' oy. in ,he cirele of Auflri. :
E loog. 16° 8. N . 1..1. 47°.
PE1TIPOLI. a POrt-'owo 00 ,he eo,l1 of Corm.odel. in
,he hi,her India. where ,he D u, eh a faaory: E .
long 80". N . lat. 16045'.
PETUNSE. iD oa,ural hlllory. ooe of ,he 'wo fubClance.
whereof the porcelain or .china· \Vare ¡, made.
The p.,unCe is a coar(e kiod of aio' or pebble. ,he fur–
f;u;e of whieh i. no' Co Cmoo,h, wheo brokeo. as ,ha, of
our common Aiot .
PEUCEDANUM. iD bo,aoy•• genus of ,he pentandri.
digynia claC,. The fruil i9 oval, llreaked 00 each fide,
~nd furrou nded with a wing j and the involucrum is very
{hort. There are flve Cpecíes, tWO of them n¡tives of
Britain, 'Viz . the officinale, or hogs.feooel. the roOl of
which is recommended iD diforders of [he breaCl; and the
minus, orrock-parfley.
PEWTER, a faél i,ioos metal. ured in m. king domeflie
u,eofiJ,. as pi..... dilh<'l. CJe.
The ba(tS of 1his metal is tin, wbich is converted ¡nto
pewtl"r, by mixing at [he rate of an hundred weight of
lio wi,h H'cen pouDd. of lead aod fix pound. of braC. ,
See META1- .
B (: fide, this compotitíon, which m~kes the common
l'ewter, there are other kind, cOf11pounded of liD, regu·
lu. of an,imoDY. biCmulh aDd eopper, io Ceveral propor–
tions.
PEZI ZA. in ho'aoy. a genu. of ,he eryp,ogaOlia fungi
claC,. lt i. Cefli le . nd beJl Ih. ped. There are eigh' Cpe–
cie!J, fax e~f them natives orBrHain.
PHACA, in oo,any. a genu. of ,he diadelphia deeandri.
e1.C•. T he legumen or pod is Comewhat biloeular. There
are three fpecie9. none of them n20tives of Britain.
PHJENOMENON. io phiJoCophy. deno'e. any remarkable
appearance, whethcr in the heavcns or 00 earth ; and wue.
ther difcovered by obrervation or experiments.
PHAGED JENA . deno,es a corroding ulcer.
PHAGEbJENIC ME DI CINES. ,hofe ured ,o ea! of (uo–
gou, M proud aclh : (ueh are aH ,he ca uClies.
PHALA':NA. in zoology, a geou. o( inCeél. belorging 'o
the order of Jepidoptera. T he fcelcrs are CetaCeol", and
t~per gradu~lJy to 1he points j the wings are often bent
b. rkw>rd. ; and Ihe Cpecie. of ,his genus lIy abou, iD ,he
VoL . U!' N P 88 . g
niSht. TI..re >re 0 0 leC. ,hao 460 fpecie•• eonprehend–
ing all Ihe mod19.
PH '\1. '\NG IUM. in zoology•• geo", or io(eéls bdongin¡
(Othe order of aptera. They have elght (cet, two ey~'
on the lOy of the bead placed ver y near eaeh olher r and
other [ \Vo on the lides of the head; the !""eclers rdembJ:
legs; and [he bdly is round . T here are nine fpecicl .
PHALAtJ G I UM, in bot:lny. See A NTH l:R . CUM .
PH AL ANX, in Greci.n .o,iqui,y. a Cqua« battalioo, con–
fiCl,ng of eigh , ,hou(aod Oleo. wi,h ,heir Ihields td.
ano plkes croffing e20eh other j Co that it was ne Xl to j;ñ 9
poflible ' o break i,.
PH iI L ARIS. io bOlany. a genus of ,he tri.ndria digyo;.
c!;¡(s. It ,h:ts t\Vo carin~ted valv('!" of l"'quat lenglhs, and
including the corolla. Thcre are 10 fpec ies, three of
them nalives or Britain, fJiz. lhe canarienfis, or manu(cd
canary.graCs ~ the arenaria, or Cea canary·&raCS; and th~
arundl nacia, or reed canary.gra(s.
PHAL EUC IAN VERSE. in.neien, poe, ry.' kmd orver(e
which confiCl. of five fee,. ,he firCl of .ohleh is. Cpondee.
,he (ecood a d. étyl. aod ,he ,hree 1.(1 trochees_
PHALLUS. in bo,aoy. a genus of ,he cryp, . fun_
gi cla(s. lt is woven like a nel abo\'e, and (mootb be–
low. There are lV/O fpecies, both natlves of Br uain.
fJiz . the ( Cculentus, or eCculent morel ; and lhe impud i.
cus, or Clinking morel.
P HANATIC. ar FANA'TIC •• 'erm of reproaeh formerly
given 'o ,he diffen,ers. from a f.ICe Cu ppofi,:on ,ha, .hey
pretended to viiions. &c.
PHANTASM. a 'erm Cometimos u(ed in a Cynonymo~.
fenfe with idea, or (he nOlioo ret;¡ined in the mind of a:l
eKlernalobjet!.
PHARISEES. a Ceét of ,he J ews. who diClin–
gu Ihed ,hem (t1 ves by ,heir zeal (or ,he ,iadi, ioo. cf
Ihe elders. which Ihey derived (rom the Ca"", foun–
u in with the written wOr'd itfelf : preteoding tbat
bo,h were delivered 'o MoCes from Moun, Sinai. ani
were therefore both of equal authority. From their ri·
gorous obCervance of the(e tradiríons, they looked UPOQ
tbemCelves ;s more holv tIJa" other men, and therefore
Cepara'ed ,hemCelve. fr¿m IhoCe whom Ihey Ihough, fin–
ners or pr0p'ha ne. Co a.s not tO cat or drink witb thr-m;
and bence, from the Hebrcw word phariJ, which figni–
nir.eslo Ce para,e, Ihey -had ,he oame of PhariCers or Se–
para,ofl,
PHARMACY, ,he .r' which ,eaeheo ,he e!eélion. prep.–
ration, and mixture of medicines j conOieuting one rar( of
,he ,herapeu,ic br,nch of medicine. ,he objeél. of ~ h:eh
are all natural bodie8 .
PI-f.'\RN .'\CEUM . in bo'.ny•• geou. o( ,he pentandria
Ingynia claCs . The calix confins of five Icaves; it h~s
no corolla; and rhe capCule has tbree cells, containing
many {e;:cds . . There are 6ve fpecies; Done of them o..·
tives of Britaln .
PHAROS. a (m, JI ifiand in ,he mediterrao_e.n Cea. oppofi,e ' o
Alexandria. in E gyp'
PHAROS , or PH ARE.:a LIGHT· HOUSE., a pije rai{(d "ear a
pon, where 6re i, kept burning in the nlglll , la cuide
aud direé} vdfd s oe:!r at haDe!.
PHARSA L U S. a 'OWO o( ancien' . fi,u . ,ed iR
European Turky, a liule Cou,h ofLariff• • tot . Ion. 2,n.
and N. lat. 39°.
6 D t P¡-f,\Ry~x:.