547 / 868
P H E
PHARYNX , in anatomy. See A'.<TOMY, p.
3"'.
l'H.~SCUM.
in bOllny, a genus uf th. crypto&, mia mu(ci
gh,fs. The anthera:
aTe
operculatcd . and rhe
calyplra
is
w2ntil"!g. There are four fpccies. all natiycs of
Brilain.
PHASEOLOUS, in butany, a genus of the di.ddphia de·
cand ria claC,. The
c:u ina,
n"mina,
and
HyJus,
are
twiHed like a fcrew. There
aTe
13 fpecies, none of Ihem
nativ(s of Britain
PH .'\SES, in al!ronomy, the (eve,.l
appear~nces
or quan·
tities of illumination of (he moon, venus, mercury, and
the otherplaneu. See
ASTRONOMY ,
PH ..\S1ANU S, in ornithology, a genu. be1ongir.g to the
order of g·allin", . The ch«k. are covered with a Cmooth
n.k,·d Ocin. T her. are Gx fpecie.,
viz.
l .
The g.lIu., or
cU!lghill
cock and hen,
with
a comprdTed
caTunc1e
or
fielhy.comb on the top of the he.d, .nd
a
coople of' ca·
runcles' or
wanles
under !,he chin; the
eus
are naked ;
aod the
toil
i. comprelTed, .nd ereéted.
Thi. bird,
though now one of the
domdtic
rowl~,
was origin;¡Jly
brol1g!lt from the E.il.Indies. They feed upon grain,
grars_feeds.
and
,wor'ms. .The
cock or maje is
perh .. ps
the bolden and moC! heroic of all the feathered "ibe.
He clap. hi. wiogs before he
~ng.
or crows. He be!'.!ns
to crow
:\bcut midn;:;hr, and
feldom ceafcs til! break of
d,y. H , i. fo exceedinely f.laciou., tha, one cock is
foRicient for
10
hens . H i. fight is very pierei ng, and he
ne.ver
faíls to cry
iD
a peculiar
manner
when
he
difc:>ven
ony bird .of prey in the airo
The hen is very prolifie :
!he m.kes her nen on the groond;
a~d
the young. imm.·
diately after th,y are batched, follow her, and pick up
their foad themfelves. There are fix
or
eignt varieties
of thit
fpeeies.
2.
The
motmot, or
Guinea
phearant,
is
brownilh,
Comewhat
red
below, wirh
a
wedge. l,ke
tail ,
;lnd wants rpurs .
lt
is a native
of
Guinea and Bralil.
3.
The colchico., is red, wíth a blue head, a wedge.
fu.ped nil, and papillou, cheek..
It
i. a native of Afia.
.... The argo. i. yelJo\Vi!h. with blaek fpot!, a red faee,
~nd
• bloe cren on the baek part of the bead.
It
i. (ound
in Chinefe Tartary.
5.
The pillus, ha. a yellow cren,
• red breafl, and. w,dge.!haped tail.
It
is a native of
Chin..
6.
The nyéthemeru., is wllite, \Vith • blaek
erefl .nd belly, and a wedge.lhaped tail.
It
is a native
.of China. ·S.. PI.,e CXLII.
I'Hi\SMATA. in phyfiplogy, -cenain appearance. ariling
(rom the various tindures of
the
clouds,
by
the
f éayS
of
the h,...nly luminaries, ' efpeciaJly the fun and moon.
Thefe
are
in:initelv
difer(ified
by"'the
diff~rent
figu res
and'
fituation of the cI.oud., aod the appolfe. of the rayo of
lighl .
PHASSACHATES, in natoral hinory, trIe name of a fpe.
cíes
of :\gare.
which the:
ancienls . in iu difTerent
"ppear–
.:.nee~.
romc:lÍmes
ealJed
dlfo leucilChiltes anJ perileucos.
See
ACATE .
PHEASANT, inornithology. 'See PHASl ANU • .
PHELLANDR lUM. in botany , • genu. of the pentan·
dri. di&ynia cldfs. Th< froit i. o••land fmooth . There
are rwo
fp~cit!,
one of them,
viz.
thc' aquaticum, or
\Yat~r
h!:mlock, is a native of Brit:ilin.
pI1 ELYPlEA, in botony. See L .\ ·r H''''A.
1'11E~¡¡ C II\,
a' fubdivifioo or province DI' Syri2, fitu.led
on
(he
LCY1I.nt,
or
eaflern
pan
of
lhe
IvleditaraneCtO
fea,
on t"e con*'nes of Paldlme.
PUEO.NS,ÍD
hor.l~ry,
the barbed head,
ofdor", .~rrow.,
P
JI
1
or other \Ve.pon., and do.lJy reprercnted
a.
in P I.:.
CXLV. fig. (.
PHIDIT1A, in Greci.n
,",i~ oity,
fean. celebrated with
grl'at frugality al
Laeed~rnf)n,
The phidltia w::re htld
in
the publie plilees, and in
lhe opeo
air: rich and
poor
afliHed at them alike, and on the fame
footing;
theirde–
fign being to keep up
pe.ce, friendCh ip, .nd
a
good un·
derftanding and equality
amon~
aJl the ciúztns
J
gre.n
.nd. fmall.
It
is
f.id,that they who .tter.ded this feall,
brought
each a buO\el
of
flour, eight meafllres
of
wine
named charus. five mime
of
cheefe; and a, much 6g5.
PHILADELPHIA, the Gapi,,1 of the provin« of Penfil·
vania, in
Nonh Ameriea, jituated on
the
ri\'en DeJa\uf
and Schoolkill:
W .
long.
74°,
N.lat .
40n 50'.
PHILAOELPH I A
¡s alfo
the
name of an aneicnr townoC
the
. Ldfcr Afi., filuated in E . long.
29°,
N . lat.
38° .
PHILADELPHllS, in
bot.ny,a geno. of the icofandri.
monogynia ciar.. The calix eonfills of foor or fi.e fego
menu, and
the
corolla
of
four or
five
petals ; and
the
capCule has foo r or (¡ve cells , containing many f«d•. Therc
ú e
t\Yo
rpecies, none of
them
n"liyes of
Britain.
PHILI P.FORT. a fortref. in D oteh
Brab.nt, lituated o.
the eaC! fide of the Scheld, oppofite tO P ..r1.fort, 6.e
miles
oorth-well
of
AMwery.
PH1LIPPI, .n
~ncien,
tQwn of M acedoni•.
a
provinee of
European Turky, (¡tuated iD E.long,
25°,
N . laL 4to.
fH~LIPPI CS,
in literature, a Dilme: given to.the orallonS
of D emol!h,ne,
a~.inn
Philip king of Mlcedon; being
efteemcd [he maHt:r-pieces of
lhat
ereat
orator.
o
Philippic is
airo
a term applied to the (ourteeo Ciratiaos
. of Cic<ro
.~,infl
Mark Anthony.
PHILIPPINE "LANO', are fitua' ed in the Pacific ocean,
_ in Afia,
belwec:n
1
140 and
13 10
ean
longitude.
aod
be–
tween
SO
aod 19° Donhlatitude : there are a great
Dum·
ber
of
them, and
rome
very
Jdrge.
P
H
J
L
I PP IH ES,
a religious Coeiety of young wom!n, at Rome;
fo called from their taking Sto Philip de
N.rifor their
proteétor: ,hey confin of an hoodl'ed poor girl" who are
brought up till they are of age to be married, or become
nuns, under
the clireclioD
of fome
religious womeo, who
teaeh them
to read ,
wri-le, and
work;
and
ioClrutl:
them
in the dotie. of Chrirtianity. Tbey wear
a
\Vhite veil,
and a
bl.ckcrofs on their brean•.
F HILlPPOPOLI, a cily of European Turky, in the pro.
vince of
Romani:\,
fituated
on
(he
river Mariza :
in E.
long.
25°,
and N . lat .
42° 20'.
PHILIPSBURGH, a city of G
:rm.ny, in the palatinate
of the Rhine fituated on the eaU bank of tbe ri,'er Rhine,
in E long.
So
,6',
N. lat.
49° 8'.
PHILIPSTAT,
a
tOIVn of Sweden, in the province of
Gothland and territory
oC
"VermelaoJ, fitoatee!. iD E.
long.
' 4
0 •
N. lat
59° 50' .
PHILLYREA, in botany, a geno. of the. diandri. mono'
g)'ni. claf.. The corolla confin, of four fegmeDlS,
~nd
the berry eontains four feed,. There are three CP:Cl
e .,
none of
tllcm
o.rives
of
Britain.
PHILOLOC;Y, a fcience, or rather alTembbge of fev" al
'eiences,
con!'iHing of grammar, ,rht:loriC,
poetry.
anti·
quiries,
hiflory,
a.,d criticifm .
Ph)'lology i•• kind of
oni~<rfal
literoture, eonrerf, nt
.baul alllhe
(cienees,
their
fift,
progrds,
aUlhors,
OC,
11 make. wh" the French call ,he
btllu
I,"rtl.
PH1LOMATHES • lover of
l~arDing
or Ccience.
,
PHlLONIUM,