1000000031

( 479 )

lmp:\rt coJúnes to

bodi~5,

imitate p:uticular calours.

PIGUS , in ichlhyology, Se. CV.PRINU'.

PIKE, in ichlhyology. See LucIO,.

PIL.-\STER, iD archileélure. See ARCH'T[CTURE,

353·

PILCH.-\RD, in ichlhyology. See CLU"A.

FILE.

hera!dry, an ordinary in furm o( a wedge, coo–

tr:ttling [(om the chief, and

termio:uing

in a

poillt

to o

warél, Ihe botlom of Ihe Chield. See Plale CXXXIV.

6g. ,6.

The pile, like other ordinaries. is borne in ..ertcd, in ·

grailed ,

élc.

and icrues ind,fferently f,om aoy poio: of ,he

verge p( an ercuttheon.

PILfiS,

in medicine. See

M EDICOf E,

'43.

PILGRI1>I ,\G E,

kind of reltgiou, difclpline. whieh con·

lills in

tílking

j Ol1rne~'

to fom.! holy plJcc. in order

adore Ihe rdics of fome deee.red fainl. P,lgrimages be·

gao 10 be

m.de

.boul Ihe rí'¡dd le age. of Ihe church ;

but they

wue

mó(l in vague

Olfter

tbe end of (he eleventh

céntury. when every one was for vifitiog place, of devo–

tioD, not cKccpting

kings and

princes themrelves ; and

eveo biOlOp' made no diffieullY of b,iog abfenl {rom Iheir

churches on

che

(ame account . The places D10(l vi(iled

were , J erufalem, Rorne, Compoflella, and Toors; but

the

greateCl: numbers now reron to LoreHo,

order t()

viG, lhe chamber of the bleff=d vi'gin, in which Che wa.

born, and broughl up her fon J efu., till he

wa.

IIVelve

ye,rs of age .

PILL, in pharmacy, • (orm o( medicioe refembling a lil.

tle ball, lO be fwallowed whole, invenled in favnur of

fu eh as cannol take.biuer and ill. ufled medicinal draughlS,

• s alfo 10 ke<p io readioef. for occaGonal ufe wi,hout

d«.ying.

PILLAR, in architeélure, a kind o( irre¡¡oJar eolumn,

rouad and inruJaled, bUl deviating from tbe proportions

0(. jufl coJumo . Ste ARC HITECTVRR.

PILLORY, wa. anciently a pofl eleéled in a erof. road,

by the lord of the manar, with bis arms upon it, ..as a

mark of hi. feignory, aod fome,imé. wilh • collu ' o lix

criminals

too

PILOT, a perfon e¡nployed 'o eond'lti lhip.

over

bars .nd

fands, or tbrougb iouicate channels, iDto a road

bar·

boor.

PIMENTO, i6 botaoy. See MVRTU!, ofwhich it i. a

{pecies.

The (rui.. a" galhered \Vhen green, ' and are expofed

,10 Ihe fun (or

m.ny

days on clo,"s, frequently Chaking

and lu,"ing

~hom

. •ill Ihoroughly dry; Ihey "ke grea<

care they are not wetted by

Ih~

morning and eveniog

dews

and when (hus dried, are (enl ot'er to us.

mento

abounds with a (ragrant effenl íal oil. whicn

¡,

Ceparated, ;n great quanlity. in diHilJation . and

heavy tbat

ít

linles

water. THs fpiee is much ufed in

our food! , and Cometimes in medicine: jt

1S,

indeed, a

v<:ry gaod aromatie, and fa well imitates {he mixc:d .Aa–

Vour of all the rd i, that

ha! long been a common prac–

tice tO make Ihe aqu::l mirabilis, which was ordered to be

diOillcd (rom .lIlhe fPice., of Ihi. ingredien. alone; aod

the

t~He

o( Ihe water thu! Olílde, when carefully done,

fo nezr the geouine, that a very oice palale cilIn only

di(f;n~"ilh

íl.

PIMP NELLA. in bnraoy.

pl. n. of Ihe penrandri. di·

l\yni. elal' . Tbe (,uil i. oblong; and ,be corolla is

fub·

VOL .

il!.

N·

89'

radiateJ. T here

are four

fpceje~.

two

them

n~tit'el

Hntain,

viz.

the m;.jor, or great burnet faxi rrace ;

and (he rOlxl(raga, or

finan

burnet faxirrage.

PIN,

in commerce, a linle: neeeffary

impl ~ment

made of

br.f,....ire, ufed chiefly by Ihe women in adjuniog Ihcir

dref.:

Th~

perreélion of pin, confin. in lhe flilfnef. of Ihe

\l/ire

and iu

whitcnefs, iD {he heads beins·weJJ turned.

and

{he fine neC, of Ihe points. The L ondon poioting

and whiteAing are io mo(l -repute

beeaure ou r

pln -m~kers,

.pointing, ure tWO fi eeLmill., the GrU

which

fornu the pOlnt, and

(he

Jolttcr

uk.es

irregularities.

and renders it fmooth, and as it were pahlhed

and in

whitening. they uCe block-tio gran-J lated ; whereas

o ,,:

ther eountries they are: raid

ure

mix.ture of _tio, lead.

and quick. filver.

PIND I1 RiC, in póetry, 3n ode formed iD imital;"n

Of lh..

",JnDer of

PIOdu.

PINE, in bOlanj. S.. PINU •.

PIN S - APPL E.

Sel!

BROMELIA.

PINEAL GLANO, in ao.lomy. See ANATO",V, p.

~86.

PiNGUICULA, in bOlany, • genus of ,he diandri. mu-

nogynia

e1.rs

The

eo:,olla.

ringent ; the eAlíx

,bi–

labiated ; and Ihe copfole ha. bUI one ce.11.

There are

{.our fpe eies. two of lhem

n..

tives of Brilain,

(Jiz .·

(he

vulg ....ns, or buner-wort; aod the lurauDica, or Corn·

w,,1J buuer-wort .

P INION, in mechanie.; ao arbor, or fpindl" ia ,he body

whereof are Ceveral notches, whieh eateh the teeth of a

wheel Ihal ferves to turo jt round : or

is a IdI't:r wneeJ

which plays in Ihe leeth of

larger.

PINK,

vcffd ufed al fea, mafled and rigged Jike olher

n\ lps. ooly tha.t Ihis i! built wüh a round fu::rn; the

bend. and ,ibs compaOing fo a. Iha. h.r ribo buJge out

very mllch .

PINK, in botany. S ee

D"',NTHUS .

PJNNACE, • fmall

velfd

ufed .al fea, wilh a fquare flern,

haviog fails and oars, and carrying three mat1s, ehieRy

ufed as

feout for iOlelligenee, and for Jaoding of

meo,

be.

PINNACLE, in arehiteélllre, Ihe 10p o, rc>O( of an houfe,

termin;uing in a poiot.

PINNATED LEAVE', iD bOlany. Sce BOTANY, p.

640.

PINUS, in bo,any., a geoo. of Ihe moo","i. mon.dclphia

claf.. The eahx of Ibe male eonG(l. o( (our Je••e.; it

has no corolla; the fiamina are nu,?e:rous, .\\.Iith nake:d

aOlher%'. The calix ofthe

female~s

a tlrobilus . contain·

jng two 80wers; it has one pifiillum; And tbe nut is em·

braeed by a membranaecou, wiog. There

a,re

fpe–

eies, three of then. oatives of Brita;R,

viz _

the rylvef.

tris.,

or Scotch 6r; Ihe picea,

yelJ0w-1eaved

6,;

and.

the abie!.. or coroman fir.

PIONEER, io Ihe art of war, a

I.bou~er

employed in

army 'o fmoolh Ihe road., paf. Ihe artilJery .Ioog, and

dig lines and treoehes, mines, aod other works.

PIPE, iD law, i. a roll in Ihe <xchequer,

c.lI

. d alfo I:,e

gre~t

01J .

$ce the next anicle:.

PIPB _OFFICE.

is anaffiee, wherein a perfon, ca1J.,!dtheclerk.

of the: pipe, m ,kes OUt leafes of erown.lands, by ",,-arrant

from the lórd· trearurer. or'commiffianers-of lhe treafurr.

or chancellor uf Ihe exchequer.

PIPER, ,"',"R, in balany,

genu. of Ihe diandria

"i·

eyoia

cI.r..

It hlU ne;,hcr caJix nor

cor<?~I.

,he berr)'

¡,

conw;u