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'PL'EDGE, in SeolS I.w. See LAW, T it. xx . 13.
PLEDGGT, BOL' TEl, or COMP"", in Curgery, • kind
of R .. l tcnr, l.aid over a wound. tO Imbibe Ihe: fupc:rfluous
hurnollfS . and keep it clean.
PLEIADES, in . l1:roaomy, ao alfemblage of na" in , he
neek eoollella.ion ,"urus. Seo AS TRO NOMY, p.
4 87.
PLENARY, Come,hiog complete or (1111.
PLENrpO rENTIARY, • perCoo ,efled with full power
to do 3 11 y thing. See EMRASSADOR .
PLENITUDE, .I.e qu. lity of a thiog .ha, is full. or th..
(¡lis another. In medicine, it chiefly denotes a redundancy
of blood and humou".
PLENU M, in denote., aceording lO the Cartefiaos,
th.. tlate of th,ngs , whereio every p"t of Cpaee is Cuppo.
fed lo be full of matter; in loppoli:ion to a vacuum.
PLEONASM, a 6~ure ia rhetorie, whcreby \Ye uCe \rord,
Ieemingly fupedJuous, in 'order to expref, a thou¡:ht with
the grcater cnerg)': fueh as, 1 faw It with my QWO eyes,
Óc.
PLETHORA, io medieioe, a gre.ter redundaoce of Iaud·
able blood and humeor, thao is eapable of uodergo,og
,hofe changes which mull necelf"ily happen (or tbe pUl'.
. poCes of life wi.hou, iadueio.q dife.Ces.
PLEURA,. io .o"omy. See ANATQMY, p. 278.
PLEURISY, in medieioe. Seo MEDtCINE, p. 89.
PLEURONECTES, io iehthyology. a genus belonging to
Ihe 'ord(1 of thoracid. Both eyes are on the (aQle fide
of !he he-<id; t'here are from four 10 feven uys in tne
,gill-mc'mbrane; the body is comprelfed. lhe one fide re–
l <mbl i'ng .he b"k and ,he o,ber ',he beJly. There are ¡ 7
r~eeies.
PLEXUS, amoog anat9mifl., a buodIe of ..lfds i',
terwovcn in the form of nel _work .
PLIMOUTH, or PLH'OUTH. a port.townof O.vonfhire,
and a nat ioo for the buildiog aod layiñg up of fh,p" o(
war .bclooging to tbe royal : Vv. Ioog. 4027', N.
lar . 500 26'. lt feods twO members to pa,li..m~nt .
PLIMTO:'>J. a borougil towo of De"oolbire, Gtuated neu
theEoclilb Chanoel, ,híoty·.C,,, miles Coutli.weCl of Exeter.
Tt C~nds two' members ~o parliament.
PLINI.'\, io botany. a geo"s of the polyaodria mooogynia
c1,C. . Th,e <.orolla conC,C1. of 6ve , and the cali"
offive fegments; tht berry. is furrowed, and conuins one
feed. There is but one fpecies, a nalive of America.
PI:.I NTH: in a«hi teélure, afta, (quar. member, io ,he for~l
of a brick.
P.LOCSKOW. the e. pital o( a of the ,
in P" IJnd 6f.y miles oorth .wen of \oV.,C.w.
PLOT. io dramatie poetry, i,s Conl<times uCed fo r ,he fable
of a tr:1gtdy or- comedy, bUl more particularly lhe knot
or ¡nrr¡gut. which makes the emburits of any piece .
PLOT, in fu,ve)Ling. the plan or draugh, of any 6e1d, f. rm,
or manor fllrveyed with an infinJnlent, aDd Jaid down in
the prop"r ,figure and dimenfion!.
PLOtTING, amor.g (urveyors, is the art of loyiog down
00 p' per, &c. tht «ver. l angles aod liaes of a "aél .of
gr.ound. C,;rveyed by a theodolite, -be. aod a chaio. S'ee
G EOME1" II.Y .
PLOVER, io ornithology'. 'See eH ARAD R1U' .
PLOOGI'I. io ~griruhure, a m. ehioo for turning op ,he
füiJ, contri ved ro fa ve: the time, labour, a'nd eKpence~
wi,bou. lhi. iaClrut!l~Dt muCl have beea i:¡;'plo~c~. io' tlig.
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ging to prep.,e it for the Cowing of all ki¡'d~ ofgrain.
St.e ACRI CULTUR E , p. 54 '
PLO UGHMAN, ,he p<rloo who guides the plough iD
in the operadon o( tilling.
PLOUGllI NG. in ag,ieuhure, turoiog up!he eanh witb
a plough. See ACRlCULTUki, p. 57.
PLUKNETIA, io botany, a genus of th< maoreeia monO'
ddplllol eI .. ís. Neither lhe Ilor rhe (cmaJe have any
c~li~;' dlC corolla of ei'ch has (('ur peu ls j the nlIale ha,
four gl..ndlllar bearcled oellana i the Hylus is fih folm ',
the fi igma is pehated • itl.,d the capfute: ha's four ceJh , con.–
tainiog one ieed. 'rhcrc ¡, b"'l one fpeclcs, a. Diilti,e of
I ndi•.
PLUM. TREE , in bo:any. See ~ou~u, .
PLUMAGE, the (e"he" whieh (erve bird. for a caver–
ing .
PLUMB· LINE. among a"ifice« . deoo,.s a perp.odicular
10 tbe horizon; (o called, as beiog eommooly eretted bt
means of a rlummet .
I'LUMBAGO, in b'ot,ny, a genl1' of the peotaodri. m<>–
nogyoia e1.C. . Tfle corolla i. bell.fh.ped; the flamioa
are inrerted ioto {cale, at the hare of the coralla i the
Cligm.l ¡, quinque6d j and Ihere is bUl one oblong trunca–
ted Ceed. The (pecies are (our, oooe of them Dative. ,j(
Britólin.
PLUMBERY, the a<t of eaning aod workiog lead, .od U·
íing ir in buildings, cre.
As this men) melts very e<lfily. it is eaCy to can it ¡"to
figure. of aoy kiAd, by ruoni';g it ioto mou.Jds of b..C.>
e1ay, plal1:ee, OC. BU! the ehief artiele in plumbery is
!!..... aod .pipes of : aad as ,beCe make tbe baC,s,óf
the plumber', "'ork, we Iball here give Ihe proeeC! of
_ maklOg them. 10 eaCling Ibeet.lea~, atable or mould is
made uCe of, which coofifl-s of la'rge pieee"of wood well
jo.nted , and bouod witfi of iroo at the ead" 00 the
fide, of whicb ruos a frame eenfil1:iog of a ledge, or bor·
der of wood, rwo or thrce inc,hes thick. aod t\Vo or thrce
ioche, high froon the mould; ealled the Ibarps; ,he ordí:
nary width of thé mon'ld, within ther~ lharps, is froln
three io fou'r (eel; and its Jength is fixteen. feveotecn.
or cigh,eeo feel. Thi; fhould be Cometh)og looger
the (hects are intended to be, in order that tbe en"d
where the metal 'runs off {rom the mould 'may be cut off,
tiecauCc ir is commonly thm or uneven, or ragged ¡( die
end . It mul1: f1a"d very eveo or level in breadth, ...:nd
fomething fallíog from .he eod in which .he metal'.ro
poured in. tJIZ . abOllt 3D 1nth, or 3D ¡nch and a halT. In
the leogth of c'",een or Ceveoteeo inehes. At Ihe upp<~r
end of lhe mould flands the pan, which i5 a concave ni–
angular prifm, compoCed of twO planks nailed logether a~
right aogles , 3ftd two triangular pieces 6ued in betwecll
,hem at the ends. The leog'h of ,his pao is ,he whole
bread,h of the mould in whieh !he n,eet. are e. n: It
lhnds with ils uonom: which is a Iharp edge, on a (o(m
al the end of the moulc1 , leaoing with ene Cide ag:¡intl.i C ;
ond 0 0 the oppofi te C,dds a handle .0 lift it up by. to pour
out ,he melted and on th.. C,de of the pao oe..t the
mOllld . a;e t o iroo hooks ' o take hold of Ihemould, and
vr. veot the p"o froOl f1ippiog. ",hile the 'mehed Icad i.
rouring OUt of it into lhe mould . This pan is lined 00 the
with moiflened , to preveo' it from bein¡¡ 6red
by the ho. metal. :rhe mo\tld is . ICo Cpreid over, ab? '
tlvo Ihild. o( ao ioch thick, witb fand fiftcd .nd modl •
toed,