1000000031

P L U

tned; whi..:h

reCldert'd

p~rfeaJy

Je\'cl

mo" lng

ov~r

a plC!ce of

wood caJled

Urike,

tr?mpling

upon

",ilb lhe reet. and rruoothing lt over wilh a Imuothing

plane. wh,ch i5 a lhick pIare of poi (hcd b."ars,

ah~u t nill~

ioch::s fquare, turocd up

all {he four edges, and

wi'

.a bandlc tilted on to the upper

concave fideo The fand

being thus fmooth ed . ie 1S

lit

fo r c:d!.ing {heees of lead:

the}' \Vonld can a ciUero, they

medlure Out

th .:

big~

.neú of lhe (our

rioes ; aod

having

u ken

the dimenfi ons of

,he fron" or fO Ie_pu" n,.ke moulding. by preffinc long

flips of wood, w.bich

cootdi"

{he (ame mouldings, iota the

leve! f....d, .nd form ,he figu res of bird., be.rls,

be.

prdli ng in

lhe

r ..

me m;\nner I('aden figures

UPO"

ir.

and

lhen taking

rhtm

off'. and

l he

f..

me ti me fmoothi ng lhe

furface where

any

the fans

is raired

up.

Ity

OlAking

there impreffions

upon

il,

The

ren or tbe operHlon is the

f. me

cafljog

eithe'r

cinerns or p-Iain (heeui of lead :

but

before we proceed

.tO

mention

the

manner

in which

tha.!

ls performed, ir will be n eceffAf'Y to giye a

particuh r

<l<feriplion of .he fir ike. The (lrike ,.hen i. a pie<:e of

b oa rd

a.bo

:,)t

fiNe

inches broad,

~nd

fomething looger

th~ n

lhe bread,h of ,he OlOU)J on lhe inGde; aoel al

e.eh

end

cut a

notch.

aboue:

two Inches deep, (o

thae:

whc.n

',uCC!d,

rides upon the

f'harps

with

thofe

notch.es

. Before

(he

begin 'O eafi, ,he flrike is m. de r.e. dy by ,.cking

t wo pieces of an old

·hat

the

DOlches, .or

O,pping

.caCe of

teuher

over each

eod ,

in orde·r to, ra.i re the

unner

fidc

about

one

elghth

ioct,

(omcthing

more, above

the ("nd,

according

Ihey

~ou ld

have the

Jhcet

lhieknef.;

l~~n

'he)' rallow ,he u.der edge of ,he

11.

ike,

2nd lay il aerofs lhe mould The lead being mel,ed , il

laddled

¡n'lo

the

p ao, in whicb. when there

a fufficient

<¡uan,ilY forthe prdenl pu rpofe, ,he

[c.um

o( ,he me,al i.

[WePlO!f wi,h

p.eee ofboard 'o ,heedge of<he pan. Jetting

fenle on the

rand,

wbich

chis

means preveoled

(rom

f alJlOg inlo lhe mould a'

,he

pouriog OUl of lbe melai.

'Vh<n lhe lead is eool enough, whieh is kDown

irs be–

ginning

(land wi,b a fuell or wall on .he fand round

the

pilO,

two men-tíl:ke che

pan

the handlc.

e1feone

<>f ,hem lif, il up by a bar and

eh.iD

fixed 'o o beam in

the

ctiling. 2nd' poor it

into

the

mould,

whHe

anmhc:rman

a "nd$

re?.dy \/Iith

the

flrí1c.e, añd, as

(Cl002S

they

have

done

pouring in che

metal,

pun

on the

"monld,

fwe~ps

the

lead

forward. and

draws

the

overplus ioto a trough prepared

receive

it.

The

{bt:e15

bd ng

thus

can,

nothing remain.

1>ut

pJanifh the ectgc! in arder

to render

them rmooth

and

nrétight ; .buc

ir be a cillero,

¡e:is

bent

int o

fourfides,

Ch,H

the

IWO

ead,

may j olO

the

bad .

where

lhey

are

{oldercd

,o~ethcr,

af,er whieh ,he borroO! i. foldered "p.

Thc me.bod of eafiing ,hin lheers of le}d. lnrle.d

f and.

I h~y

CO'fc:r

the mould with a

píece

wooJen

Jlu(f

nailed

dOWDal tbe

tWQ

ends 10

keep

it (ighe:, and over ,JlIS

Jay ;¡'

vcry

fine

lineo

c1oth .

In this proce(s

greal

r-e~a rd

had 'o the jull dogree of he... (o a. ,h"l ,he lead may

run well, and yel nO' bu rn lhe linen . Thi. lhey judge of

by a piece of paper; for i, takcs r,re in ,he liq uid lead if it

lOO hOl,

íl;nd

¡fit

bt: not

(hl unk and

r,.a rehed

littlc,

i. no. hOl

en~ugh_

They have here a .(Irike differen, (r=

that dcfcrlbed

;¡¡bove:

is a woodc:n c(¡{e, only clo(ed on

three rides:

prt tt y

'high bcbínd ;

lJUl

che

tWO

fieles,

Jike

two

ACute

angles, fl J I

diminifh

the tip (rom che

pJ..tc:!

whc:re they are j oi ned

to the third

middle

piece. where

tlley "re

orthe

fAme

height

tberewith,

viz.

fevcD

ei ght

VOL . 111.

N°.

89.

.L U

ir,eloes higll . ,he wid,h o f lhe middJe

""h,

,hot or ,"e

{lrik.~,

which

3,&ain

makes lh¡n of the Iheet

the

calt

Thls

Clrike

placcd

at the top

.the

mouJd. uhich

rh:...t

p iH

(jf'"(l

co\'creJ witb a pallcboard

thAt

(trves

as a bot–

rom

the

c:...re.

and prevents ,he linen

from

being burnt

while

lhe

lead

pauring in . The lhilu ia

now

fill ed witl.

ltoad , (¡ccordinp

'o the quaotity to be

u-(ed; which don e.

two

men . one

each fide,

draw

the

nrikc:

down the

mOLlJe!

wieh a

'VC"I\lcity

greater or leCs, as me

JbtCt is

to be

or I<Cs ,hiek .

The method

ofe.fi

ing pipes Wilhou, (vldering. T o m>ke

thefe pipes,

they have

a kind

lutle

mlU,

lYI.ch

arOlS or

levers

t O

(uro

wid"l'¡1. The

mouldsare of

braCs,

.nd

con–

fin a f

two

piCCl S.

which

opc. n and

OlUC

meanso(

hook.

and

hinges, .their inward

caliber.

diameter• .being

ac·

-cording

the

fizc

the pipe to be

nl~de;

and

(heir

Jeng.h is u(oally 'wo feel and • halr. In . he middle i.

pl ..

ced

a cor.e,

round

piece oC brafs

iron, fomewhac

looger than

the

mou~.

and-of

(he thil kneCs

the

inward

dia m~ter

-Of

the pipe.

Thi,

core

p..

through

t\Vo

copper-ru ndJes , ene at

eac~

end of

lhe

mould. which they

fcrvc

cloCe;

and

there

is join'cd

tlcde

copper. lube

abou, 'lOO ·ineh.. long, and of ,he ,hic.i<.nef. ,he .Jead...

pipeis

intended

to be

of,

means

oftl': efe

tubes

tneeore

is re..ined in lhe middle of ,he c..i.y o( lhe moúld The

COr<:

being in

lite

mould. wich tbe rund les

its

two ends,

"nd

the Jead

ruelted

the furnace,

thf y

·take

"'p

JadJe

.ar.u

pour

into

(he mould by

liule

~ penure

one

end,

made

in the forro of a

funnel. Vthen

the móuld

{ulJ

they

pa(s

h ook

ioto tbe·el'ld

the core,

and turning

the

mil i, draw it OUt ;

and

,hen opening

the 'moul4.

ta.ke

ou. ,he pipe.

I f

lhey defire

bave ,-he pipe Jengl h–

"Ded,

lhey pUl on. end of il in ,he lower end of lhe mouJd ,

:u.d

pars

,he

end of

,he core

iDIO

ir;

then Chue:

(he mould

g.in

, and apply ilS rundle and ' ube as before, ,he pipe

jall

can fe rving for rundle,

be.

lhe olhererul. Thingl

being

lhus

repbced,

they

pour in

fr'tfh

metal, and

r~pea.r

<h. opera.iov liJl lhey

h~ve

gOl a p'pe of ,he leng,h re–

q uire.d.

For making pipes of 1hee,-le.d, ,h. p1um!>.r.

h.ye

wooden eyl inders of lhe leng,h and ,hiekoeCs required;

and vn ,he(e they form ,heir pipes by wrapping ,he lhee.c

.rouod .hem, and foldering up lhe edge. all .Iong lhelI> ,

PLUMBUM,L-'AD.

See

e H.M ISTO " ,

84.

PLUM E. 10

botany Sc·eAcluc.tJLTURE j'

4 1.

PLUMMFT ,

PLUMB RULE ,

PL UMa· LINE.

¡nnra.

ment

ufed

cilrpenters,

maroos,

Oc.

in ord\!r

'o.

j udge

wherher

w~ lls,

6c,

be upright planes,

hori,20ntal.

or the

Jike.

[¡

is ,bu. eall. d from. pieee of lead, foOeoed 'o .he

end o( a cord,

which

ufually

conrlltutcs

thi.

inHrument .

SOOlttirnes

the flring

def, ends

along

,,~ooden

ruler,

ér..

c,.ifc:d

.perpendicularJy

anotber;

wbich caCe it

be.

comes a

level.

PLU .v1MING,

amonJ: mioer., is ,he melhoJ

of~r.nga

mine–

d Ial. in

arder to l.:now

the exaét

place

the

wo rk wher.c

to fink dow.n

air.l1uft,

bring an adit

the

\\'olk.

or ' O know whieb way .,he load inelone. wheo

~oy tlexur~

hnppens

it.

i, pcrformed in ,hi. monner :

(kilful perron, wi,h

Olffi (l.lor,

and witb peo ink ,

and

p:1,p~r,

anei

lon~

line ,

anJ a fun.dial, alter his

guefs

the

place

í4buve

grounJ.

nefcends

into the

adit

\York, and there

¡Ilens one end

<)f

the

line tO

(ome fixcd

thing

in it;

lhen

tbe

incih:d

n<el~l~

J O