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tion al t:,,: pn.J\\', or (he uppernlUfi Jcc~, lUW:utlS
tlh: .1I: , thr 1'¡,lr~ whcn.: lbc h.Hdu:llt; ,m.:. JIInd·
~'II¡i(' l' tlll' dt:~.Hiun wh idl rcigns IIU die II.:rn, ú\:,:!r
(111: !.IH dt..'d , wlilrC thc ul;iccl~ t::~~¡ns "uJ pl,H:tS of
Jl'e.
CA SrLE ·l.\Rf.\', a mAlk" t tO\l'n (,f S"merf,·llhire. fitu·
ated ten Ill:ks IOUih·df 'a¡' \\.dls, IV. ivog. ,0"o',
N. 13t. \t ° I >'-
CA STLE·P ! !I ~~ . a borough·to\Vn of Norfolk fit uated
Íle.1' the fe.1~\ , about lhirty miles \\'ell \,f • or...ieh,
aod fL\'co oouh of Lyoo: E long..¡O', N. lato j 'o.
40'. lt leoos t\Vo m,mhcls tO parlia.llcnt.
C!STlE'\\' ORK, ftrl'iee 01' labour d(,ne by iof<rior te·
oI",S, "'1' the huilJing auJ upholdi'g of e.lnle¡ of Jt.
f\oec, tO«'''lds \Vhieh lome gave th\ ir perfon.d .dfd·
anee. aod others paid titeir contributiolis. Thi, \Vas
One pf th, three neeenary ehaq;es tOwhieb ali lands
r.:1l00~ o\tr Saxon ao~dlors wel'c e'pl<f, ly fubjcél.
C.'1STON, a n",let·tnwo of Norlolk, about tip,ht
miles north·\Vcil of 1\qnvi~h : E. lor.~. 1° 20', N.
lat. pO 'lí'.
CASTOR, or BEAVER, in zoology, a genus of qua·
, drupeds bdonging tO the ol'der 01' glires. The fore·
teeth oí th~ upper jaw are trllneated, ano hollo\Ved in
a tr.nfverl~ i1n~ul:tr direélioo. The tOrSof the fore·
tteth of the lower.jaw lie ;0 a traofverfe direélJOn;
?no the tail is depref!'eo. T here are t!:rec fpwes of
edlor, "iz. ¡, The fiber, w;th a plaoe ovated ,ail,
is found 00 the baoks of rivers in Europe, Afia, aod
Ameriea. lt is from the ioguinal glaods of this ani·
01.1 that the callor is obtained; it is eootained in
cuos or pe'lIches \'Ihich refelllble a dog's lenicles.
Several ""iters have takeO notice of the ingenuity
of '\meric;>,n ueaver; in m:L~iog their ho~res, of whieh
\Ve nlali hefe gi,e fome acCO"O!. The nrn thing they
do ..heo lhey are aJOIHtO bllild, is tO aflcOIble io eom·
pauies, fO~letimes of tIVO 01' tilr\~e hundred to~ether ;
theo they eltuf~ a pioce where pl~oty of prnvifioos are
tObe had, aod wl,ole ail oecefi:'ries are tO be fou od
prop~r fuI' their ufe. T hm houfes are !1\Vays io the
water, aod wheo th~y cao fiod neitiler lake nor pood,
they cndea"our tO !Ilpply th~t defeél by floppiog the
eurrent of a brook 01' fmal! river, by me,ns of a dam.
To this eoo they fi,n cut 001'1" ...ees in the foliowiog
manoer : T hree 01' four ber,\'ers will go tO IVork aboul
a large m e, aod by eontinu,liy goawing of it with
their tee:h, tltey?t laH throlV it cluwn, aud fo eootri"e
mmer! th"t it alw",s falls tOwaros the water, lhat
they m,y r,al'e rh~ 'kfs ''lay tOcArry it, when Ihey
haVe it ioto piem. After they have dooe
this, they eael: I'i(:(~ h)' itfeif, aoo roll it tOlVaros
the water, where th,:y ioteurl ro p!.le~ it.
Thofe plCCCS 4ft "IOre \,1' 1,¡, ti"ek ,.ndl'1llg, ac·
eord'lOg 10 the o'-I u)'e 20d fiIUaU"" of the place, where
tbeyare rcquir,·d. Sumetimcs tl,.,y make "fe of the
l.,,~e truol:s of 1m,. IVhieh they lay .tolVn flat;
!')OIetio:r~ the .1.", Ollly el\ulill s, f [".Ioeh.., as thi~k
" uoe's thigh, which are fupportLd by 11."" inter·
' /I"'eo \'IlIh thc ~rauch(s 01' trees; aoo :dl t},e <,.caot
pl",s a;e ('11,,1up IV"h a fon 01' c1ay, in f,'eh a m:,n·
~cr, d!.t nu water eao p.I!! thr<Jugh t},CUI. Th..y
e A S
p"'lwe Ihc (by wil}, t"~ir p. ws 01' hJnos; ano their
tail·. fcrve i"tlcad ~f a card.lht, :'s wd l dS a truwd to
IrtY "Odlelr d ay.
T l.e fl)uodat"''' of d" d:,OIS uc gener~lIy teo 01'
tlV"\': feet thd, :too lhey Iden grJouaily lili they
come :0 t\lOU JI' thrt~. l'hey alwdys obLrve an exaél
pru!'oll;on , iofomueh, that the mofl eurious architeél~
are not e"p. ble of performing thei r work more regularly.
That liJe (Owards the Current of the water is alw,.ys
Doping, but the other is perpendicular.
Ti:t ecn.iruéliun of the houfes is altogether as woo–
oerCul; for they ore generally built upoo piles io fm,d!
lakcs, whieh are formed by making of the dams. SOJr.e·
timl's tnt'v aH: un tÍ:.! bank or a riverJ or on Ihe extre–
mit)' uf a' puínt of lanJ, \\ hich ao'anees ioto the wmr.
They are of a round 01' oval form, and the tOp of tht:n
is like a dome.
This deferi ption of one of their houfes IVhieh
IVas examined and meafured, wiil perhaps give the
reader more f"isf"élion than an aceOUOI io gtnerai.
!t was about three pans furroundd lVith water, ami
,he other part was joioeo 10 the !ando It was ruuod,
with ao oval dome at the top, and the height abol'c
lh~ furface of the water. w.s eight feel. 1t was a·
OOUt forty feet in diamctcr, and onehuodred aroo tweo·
ty in cireum(c;en~c, which perhaps m:ty feem flrd nge,
b"c.lltfe the proponion is geometricdl; this hOlVevtr is
faél, for it w.s m:afured feveral times. The pm that
joined 10 the bank lVas oOt maoe out of it, but lVas of.
the fame r,meria!s with the rdl.
The bo¡lO:U of the houte was of earth, 01' foil, lVith
picm of wcod !.lid in it, aboye three incites io eireum.
ferenee ; then a ,dreel of pop!.lr lIieks hid lVith ooe end
in the houfe, anti .nOlller nantiag a long lVay under wa.
ter; then a IAyer ni earth 2g.t;n, anJ tI,eo p"plar flicks,
IVhich \\'ere repemcJ tO t!t~ heirht of eigineen iodle~.
From thcnce lO the t0l' 01 t},c houfe th\re \'las a mix.
tUle of emh, {Iones, ao.! Ilicks, eurioufly pUt together;
and the ",hole w,s cU\'cced with foas, that hao IUI'"
gl a(s growiog lhtleun. Tire l"rgeH pleces of 1V00d mad:
u!e 01' near the tup, were "bOllt th ree incnes in di,me'er.
and ail the Ten IVdS f'¡,ail I:u:r, not abule tI' O 01' tI,tte
fiog!rs thick.
The outcrmo{l pan of thir. !.oDfedid oot {I.tnd fanher
Otlt io the erel'k tloao th<ulg\! uf the nlO'\!; Out lhat
"hieh brought th~ \':"t~r :doten rouod the itode \\'cre
the treoch~s, whieh \Vcre m.d\' by takiog out Ihe eanh ;
tlAe IVere oine fee! ill t!.e o,.n,I/ldl pm, .llId eightWI
feet io length. T he I:leck .It t!le !roO! of the honfe \\ .IS
fi x and titi't)' fen 1" ...1.1, . cmco tO¡" . rrC") d\·\·p.
T he houl" IVas lo eunt,i\"I .,s lO he <'\'I'y 1.11\:. fM ,here
\Vas no bl'cakín)! inw it wid,{'IIH ,In :IX j dnJ in the flol!y
fc,lfon it IVdS ql!ltt iml'~nctrable. FII':n this I,oufe th\'1e
were fe'eral p.ltI,S illto the wooo, ti"ough \Vllldl th\'y
dr\ \V the lIirks "00 1I'~C~, \\ I,ieh théY IIIJ,k uf, 0'- '-01'
foool or uuiltlin~.
'! he of the