1000000030

pen,licuh rly on

~nothtr

line or

f"rf~ce:

thu! lhe c.–

th, u of

~ rig"t. "n~lcJ

triangle ue the tIV" li,les that

ind"dc the nght

ar,~le.

Cn"

&Te

o[ ;",i,;.:n(6,

i:alOl"l'ic~,

ri~hf

line

Jmvn frolll

point of the objc,'!,

p~rp<ndic"!ar

to the

rdl,atng hn•.

CnH ETU s

.¡

"1,,7ion,

Ih,

'J',

a rií:ht linc

Jrawn from the e)'e, perpendicular tO the

rtllc~ting

l,ne.

CArH ETUS

.hliq""fiM',

a right line drl wn

perp~n

dirulo\( to the fpeculnm, io the poiut of inciJcllcc

n:fll!aion.

CHH ETUS, in archileélure,

perpendicular line, fnp–

poCed to paC, through the middlc

01'

J eyl,ndricJI bo–

dy, as a baluller, column,

ec.

CATHNESS, the moll northerly county of

Scotl~nd,

h~ving

the

C~leduni~n

ocean on the nurth,

c~!I,

and

fouth-eafl, and thc fhire

SuthcrlJnd on lhe Couth

and wel\. Irs

c~pital

is Wick.

CATHOUC, in

genml CcnCe, denotes aay thing

tha, is "niverfal or gene,,!.

CÚHOLIC CHtlReH. The rif. ofhercfies inducen the

prill1itive Chriflian church to a!fume tO itCtlf lhe ap–

pelldllon of Cdlholi" bcing a chméleriflic to diflin–

guiO, it from all feéls, \Vho, lhough they had party–

names, fomelimes fl,e11ercd lhemCdm uoder lhe name

uf Chrilbans_

The Romilh ehureh dillinguilhes itCelf now by

th~

name of catholic, in oppofition tO aJl thole who have

feparated from her communion, and whom fhe confi–

der! a! only heretics and fchifmatics, and herfelf only

as lhe true and Chrilliao church. In the liria CenCe

of lhe word, there is no

c~tholic

church in being,

thal is, no univerCal ChriOian communion.

CATII OLIC KINC, a litle which

h~lh

been heredilaryto

lhe kings of Spain, ever fince Alphonfus, wh'o, having

gained Cevml viaorie! over lhe Saracens, and re–

eOablifhed the ChriOian faith in Spain, .was honoured

Wilh lhe title of Calholic. Some fayil\Ya! in lhe lime

of Ferdir.and and Ifabella.

CATHOLICON , in pharmacy, a kind of fofl 'purgative–

e1téluary, fo ealltd, as bting fuppofed an uoiverfal

purger of aJl humoors.

CATOCHE, or CATOCHUS, io medicine, adifeafe, by

which lhe palienl is rendered, iD an inOant, as im–

moveable as a flame, withoul eilher fenfe or mOlioo,

and eonlioues io lhe fame poOore he \Yas io at lhe

010-

menl he was feized. See MEDICINi.

CATODON, io ichlhyo!ogy, Ihe Irivial

oame.of

a fpe–

eie! of phyfmr. See PHYSETH.

CATOPSIS, in medicine. Sfe MYOPIA.

CATOPTRICS, lb" par! of optics Ihat treats of reflex:

, ifioo, and expl:lins lhe laws and properties of reflec–

lion. See O'TICS .

CATULUS. in ichthyolQgy. See SQ..UALU I.

CATUS-PARDUS, in lUology. See FELls.

CATUS ¡ 18E'THICU', Sce C'STOR.

GATZENELLIBOGEN,

cily of·HefJ'e, filualed up-

' 00

Ihe

Up~er

Rhine, in Germany, aboul fixteen miles

nonh of MeOlz:

long.

40',

lal.

Sao

20'.

¡he captlal of acouoly

01'

lhe f¿me

name.

CAVALIr:R, in fonific¿lion, an e1evalion of emil of

d,!fm nl lhapes, fituattd ol(!inari ly in lhe gorge of a

".lIion, "orncred wilh a

p"~pel,

.nd CUI inlo more or

Ids

tmurlfurls, accurdillg lo lhe tapacity of the ca–

I'alie,.

C.nliers are

double defence for lhe

f~ccs

of lhe

oppolite bdlhon: Ihey defend Ihe dilCh, break lhe be–

I!egm gallcries, commann the travcrCes in dry moa:¡,

kOIYr

lhe Caillianl angle uf the Countcrlcarpe wherc

th~

ucliegcrs have ,hei r eounter-bmcrics, and iofilad" lhe

enrmiesmoches, or oblige lhem lO moltiply lheir pa–

r.lIds: loey are likewifc veryferviceable in oefending

lhe breadl, and lhe retrenChOlents of Ihc l¡efiegcd, ano

Cdn very much IOcummodeloeentrenchmcOls which lhe

enemy make, being lodged inthe baOion.

AL I

ER,

in the menage, one lhal und.rOands horfes,

and is praaifcd in the art of riding lhem_

CAVALR

a body of foldicrs lhat charge on horfe–

back. Thcy

~re

diviJed intO lquadrons, and cllcamp

On the \Vings of Ihe army.

CAVAN, lhe capilal of a counly of lhe fame name, in

loe prol'ince O/ Ulfler, in Ireland, filualed "bout fixty

miles nono-lYen of Dublin:

long.

7° 35',

and

lat.

54°.

CAUCALIS, in botany, a genns of the penlandria di-

. g)'nia clafs. The co{olla is radialcd; the fruit is

hairy, and the involucra are enlire. There are fix:

fpecies, thrce of which are nalives of !llilain,

viz.

lhe arvcnfis, or fmall corn-parfleyi lhe aOlorifcus, or

hedge. parfleYi and Ihe leptOphylla, or finc-Ieaved

b"Oard parOey.

CAUCASUS, a vall ridge of mouolains, ronning from

the Lefi'er Afia through lhe oonh of Perfia la lhe E.1l

Indies; thefe acquire diíFerenl names in lhe feveral

countries Ihroogh which Ihey pafs.

CAUDIVERHER'A, in zoology, lhe trivial name of

fpecies of lacena. See LACER TA.

CAVEAR, CAl'

R, or

c..

AR Y,

lhefpawn, or hard

roes- of florgeon, made iOlO Cmall cakes, aD inch

thick, and

01'

an hand's breadlh, f. hed, and dried in

lhe fuo. This

Con

of food is in greal repule Ihrough–

OUl MlICcovy, becaufe of lheir lhree lents, whiehthey

keep Wilh a CuperOiliou! exaélnefs i whmfore Ihe

l,lians fenlcd al MuCcow, drive

very greal trade in

this commodily lhrollghoul lhat empire, beclufe Ihere

is a prodigiolls qll30tity of fiurgeon taken al the moulh

of lhe Wolga .and of lhe olher' rivers which fall inlO

lhe C.Cpian f.a. There is

prwy large quanlity of

Ihis commodily confumed in lt. ly, and lhey are very

w~1I

acquainted with it in France and Englaod, where

it is reckoned no defpicable difh.

The French and Italians gel Ihe

cavear

from Areh–

aogel, bUl lhey feldom gel il al lhe [¡rO hand, for

lhey commooly buy il of lhe Englifh and DUlch.

CAVEAT, in

IAW,

a kind of procefs in lhe fpirilual

court!, lO flop Ihe profing of a.\Vill, Ihe grunting let-

1m of adminillralion,

6c.

lhe prejudice of ano–

ther.

is alfo uíed lO nop the illIl ilution of a c1erk

benefice.

CAVEATING, in

fencill~.

is lhe fhifling lhe fword

from ODe fide uf lhal of y.our adw f.lry lOlhe olher.

CAVEDO,