1000000030

A S

A T

CASUALTI ES

!I//"ri"il)',

in Seots law, thofe

(1utir, and

emnllllll~Il[S

whieh a (ul,edor hJS rigll!

demancl out of hij

1·,,¡r~l's

dl.m,

<lv,'r anJ ber.e¡'s che

eonllant yearl)'

cluti~

ellahlilhe"

the

r::I,4ollle

his

eharr~r,

opon ccrtaill

"fu.1

elell[S.

See SeOTS

LA "', mk,

If, ('iu alli"

du o

le Ih, j l/f crier.

C.\SUS

am:,'Ji"'¡¡,

in Seots bw, In ,,,'lions of

prorin~

the tenor of obliga[iuns eKtinguiO,:tble by the debtor',

retirins or eaneclhns then!, l! is necen:,ryfor the puro

fl,er, before he is .Iiow,u a pl oof of the tenor, to

condcfcer.d upon fueh

CJfl!

a",~1iC1Jj¡,

or accidenr,

hy whirh [he II'riting . 'as denroyee!, a, Olews it was

1011

while in rhe mditor's poll'dlion. See SeoTS

LA w, mle,

AI/lon/.

CAT, in zoology. See

FEL ' ~.

CAT·",inl,

~otdny.

See MENTHA .

CAT, or

'f· h

'aJ,

on Ihirboa,d, a IhOfr pieee o( timo

ber in a Ihip, Iying .Iofl right over the h••.fe, h.ving

at one end til'OO\irers, \Vherein is reeved a rope, with

a grear iron·hook f.nened tO it, called

CA.l'·h..

lis ufe is to ,rice IIp the anchor, from rhe

hawfe

tbe [OPo( tbe fore·canle.

h~/<'I,

in a nlÍp. are OVer rhe pans as right with

the c' pn"n as tl1<y can be: Thei r u(e is to heave the

Ihip a·liern, upon oeca:;on, byacable, or haw{e, e.lled

flern

·f.lI

. See STE RH·'AS T.

o[ Ih, m,.

nl.in

See FELI I.

Tjilvrr,

in natural hillory. See M,eiE.

CATACAUSTIC

cur U<I,

in the higher geometry, that

fpeeies of caunie curres IVhieh are (ormed by reflexiono

See FLUX'ONS.

CATACRHESIS, in rhetorie, atrope which borrows

the oame of one thing

exprels anolber. Thus

Milton deferibiog Raphael's dc(ecnt from Ihe empyrcal

heaven to paradi(e, fays,

" Oown thither prone iD Right

" He fpeeds, and Ihm' the vall etheri.J Iky

" Sails betIVeen worlds and 1V0rlds."

CATACOMB, a grano or fubterrancou, place for the

burial of the dead.

The .term is partieularly ufed in Italy, (01' a van

all'emblage o( fubterralleolls fepu1chres, three leagues

from Ronle, in the

via Appia,

/l'ppofed to be the fe·

pulehres of Ihe aneients, Others imagine thefe cata·

combs tO be the eells wherein the primirive Chrinians

hid them(dves. Eaeh eataeomb is three (eet broad,

and eight or ten high, running in (orm of an alley or

g.IIery, and eommunieati"g with oOe another.

CATAGMATICS, in pharmaey, remedies proper for

curing a emgma or (raaure.

CATALEPSY, in medicine. See MED'CIN·E.

CATALONIA, a provinO! of Spain, bounned by the

Pyrenean mouota:ns whieh divide it from France, on

the north; by the Mediterranean, 00 the ..

and

fouth ; ane! by the provinees o( Arallon and Valencia,

on the we(l .

CATAMENIA, in medicine. See MENSES.

CATAM ll'E, a bol' kept (or fodomitieal praaiees.

CATAN .'\.NCHE, in botany, a genus of planls

bdo~g'

iLg to the (yngcoefia polygamia :eqllalis claf,.

T"~

VOL.

11. No.

recerude is paleaceous

the eJlix is imhriealed ; and

Ih<p'ppus h.1S dn aIVn. with a ki"d of cetJeeous calix.

Thl,e are tlllee fpeeies, none of whieh are

n,I~:ves

Hritain.

CATAI'/ISM, anlong anei,nt phyr.ei.lOs, figni('es any

dry medicine r("ueed

pUIVckr, '" nrder lu Le ufe.1

by IVay of iofpirJtioll in Ihe \Vhole bo(I)', or any pan

of it.

C/\TAPHONI CS, the (eienee whieh eonfiders Ihepro·

peni" o

re"e~lcd

fnuntls.

CAT /II')[ORA, in med,elnc, the (am< a. coma. See

COMA.

CATAPHRACTA , in anli9uily , a kind o: coat of

n1:lil, \\llIeh eovercd the (old;cr f, omhenel ro fuot.

Henee, eararh"ai

\Vere

horfrllll'n armed ",ilh Ihe

emphr"qa, ",hofe horles. as Salllln f.,)'s, IV"'e co·

vmd with IlOen fuII of Iron plates

difpul~d I:k~

(a·

thers.

CATAI'LASM, an external topicll m:dieine, prcr,I(ed

o( 'ingredienls of ddrerent vinues, accur"lIIg

,he

iotention of the rhyr.eian. Hence Ihere are dilferent

fons of eataplalins wilh re(pell

1/,

Ihe mJlta o( whieh

they conr.n, as cmollient, rclo!.enl, o,feuticn t, fup'

rurative, eorroborative, ano"yne, and antifcp:ie cara·

plafms. They are commor,ly applicd hor, or luke·

"'arm, rolled up in linen cJOIhs, whie" by lIIeans of

the oils whieh are

adJ~d

pre(erve heal for a eonr.·

derabie time; for whieh end alfo fome, "r"" [hclt,

applya fwine's or ox's bladder, and fometi",es 011

th~

top of all apply an earlhen lile.

CATAPULTA, in antiquilY., a military engine eunll ;'

ved for the throwios of arrows, darlS, .nd 1I0nes, up·

on the enemy.

SOOle o( thefe engines Were of fu eh force, Ihat Ih,'\'

would throw Ilones of aD huodred wcight. Jofephu's

t.kes DOIiee of the furprifing

ell'~as

'of thefe ellgine¡,

aod fays, that the nones throlVn OUt of Ihem bm

down the battlements, knoeked 011' Ihe angles of the

towers, and would leve! a whole file of men, (rom ODe

end to the other, Were the phalanx never fo deep.

CATAR.'\.CT, in hydrography, a preeipiee in Ihe ehan·

nel o( a river, caufed by roeks, or orher obllades,

/topping the courfe o( the nream, from whence rhe

water f.lls wilh a greater noife and impetuofilY: Sueh

are rhe eataraas of the Nile, the Oanube, Rhine, aDd

Ihe (amolls one of Niagara in Ameriea.

CATARACT, in medicine aod furgery, a diforder o(the

humours in the eye, by whieh the pupilla, that ollght

to appear tranfparent aod blaek, look. opaque. grey,

blue, brown,

&c.

by which .

ir.on

is variouny impe·

ded, or totallydzllroyed. SeeMEDIC'NE, and SUR'

C~RY .

CATARO, tbe capital of a territory o( the (ame name,

in the Venetian

D.lmati~,

abollt tu'emv (¡re mil<s

fouth·eafi o( Kasuf.. E. long. 19°

2Ó ',

N. lat.

2•

15'.

CAT.\ R:l.CTES, in ornithology, the trivial name o(

a (peeiel ofl:ll'us. See LARUS .

CATARRH, in medicine, a dillillatioo or

o~fillxion

(rom the head upon the OIouth and afpera arteria,