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N E u M
Ihips raíl from (o.f/ to ,uujJ within {he trojlics with the ut·
nlOfl f<lcili ty; bUl it is ahfolutcly iml>oflibl.: in tllt:(c (C;¡S tO
{,ni h om t9 ((ljI, a'i the wind would be conf1ant-iy a–
gainH tht'm; fo th;u fhips hound for any pon lO the erlJl'Wtlrd
in thl.!(e regions, _R1urllla '~d la rhe Il?rlh or fiutlJ till t!ley
are beyond ,he h mits of the Irade°'lJ.'indJ, whcrc thcy meet
Wilh fJilriclb!~ /J r UZtl, by (he help of whlch they raíl fa lhe
"/1jJ~u)flrd. nut ir the {ame confbnt fro1de·'tuind had n,ken
pTace in lhe nlHthern pdft of lhe In4iol1 0 ';(311, jI Vlould
have beco inlpoffible lO have Cailed to lhe eaJlward at all j
bec.ture lhe contilleot of Afia would prevt'nted lhe !hips
from faiJing far enough north la find lhe VAriable winds.
BUI herc,"'5 in aJrnofl evcry cafe in whích the operanons of
D"" Ure olre cnccerned v.e (¡od. that what produceth the die·
eaCe. at the Came Lime ruroi(heth a rcmedy: for lhat veryicon–
tíDem whleh would havr fiood in our W:.ly going nonhward,
P O E
PNE UM ATOCELE . ·See MEDICINE and Su.CUY.
P NEUMONICS. in pharmAcy, medie;n"s proper in dif–
eafes of the lungs. in \Vhich rcfpiratlon js affeéled.
P q, a greac river of h aly. tifiog in the Alps, and runoine:
" rll eall. foon after OJros direllly north . through Pied–
nlont. where it receives lhe D ona; then paffing nonh.ealt.
i, difcbarges i,felf by feveral ehaDnel, in,o ,b e guipo of
V enice.
POA. in botan)'. a genus of the tri2nd·ja cligynia clars.
The calix has two va)ves incluJin.g feve ral flowers; the–
fpike is.oval, with pointed valves. There are 20 fpeeies,
t wrJve of them"n.· tlves of Brit3in.
P 0CHARD. in orni,hology . See ANA!.
P ODAGRA. iD medi cine. ,he &OU, in ,be feet. Se< M.–
DICI NE .
PODALI·A. a provinee of Poland. bound~d by Vol"inia.
and the Ruman Ukrain. on the nonf-rand nonh.ean; by
Budziac TarJary~ on lhe fOllth-edt ; by the river Nierl-er,
whi ch fepar;ttt'S it rrom BefTdrilbia ar:d Moldavia, on lhe
fou'h_weCl ; and by ,he provinee of Red-Rullia. on ,he
nonh-weft
P O DENSTIEN, a tOVln of GerOlany, in ,he eirele of
Fr;nconia.: fituated in E. Jeng. 11 0 35', ,N . lat. 49°
5° .
P ODEX. in anatomy. Se< ANu,.
PODOPHYLLUM, in bOl2ny. a genu. ohhe polyan–
de ia. monogynia cJ..Cs. The cornlJa has nine peta ls, and
Ihe calix thrce Jt:,wes; lile capfule is ofiil and unilocu·
lar. There are two Cpecies, nORe of theOl nadves of
Brit:lin.
PO EM. a eompoG,io~ iD H rfe of a due leng,h and mea–
fure.
Poems are grnerally ed (rom the fubjeél mat–
te~, a3 the apobaterion, lpibiuerion, eplniclon. cpith;il.a.
mlum, genethliac, elegidc. Calirie, rpitilph, pant. ,
Jyrie, p.(Joral. &c. and o!.hers (rom tb. manner of nu–
ration, as cpic. dram"t'c, tic ro which m'ay bt: a¿ded
ode., eclogues. and idylliums ' T u ,bis he.d may , Ifo be
rercrred feve ra) olher conulofi ,ions of a le(s ferious kind,
as [he acronic, enigmíl, a~a~ram, cento, echo, &c.
P OET. ,he aUlhor of a porm. Se< Po • •1.
POETRY, the an of compofing pot!ms, or pieres in ,'crfr;
?r, a. dcGn.d by Y oiIius, lhe ~rt of repr<fCDling aaion.
Iq.metrc.
A T e s. 5° 1.
d,aws the wind towards ¡trelf al one feafun, wh:ch mflkes
lhat courCt: of navigxlion unnecdlAry, t he íh lfu r;g tlJ lhe
IJJtJ11/o"u fupplyi·og a ne3rer ano more commedlOus courre.
Thus \Ve C~e. th~t where ever che lea is open 10 rhe roulh
or oonh , neH the Iropic.r, fo ~s tha: HlIps are: at rrndom 10
[ea h tbe ,'ariah/~ 'uJil1dJ, thelrade·'Wind conflaody bJows
in one dirtétioo; "bU( wht·rc·evcr 'Ihere is ",ny.exter.t uf con·
cin~nt wi,hin Ih(' verge ('If (he 70rrid Zon~, ro as that lhey
could not be al ltberty tO reaeh the variable winds, thcre (he
courfe o{ the trade. wind is ahered, bcing drawn tOwards it
ín fummer, aod from it in winter. forming that fhi fting
wind called 11/0n/Doll1. Froro which we may natur,lIy iofer,
thac as there ?re no 11IDujoOnJ io the Pacific or Atlar.tic. or
in the wetttrn pan o( ,he /ndian ~ce.anJ lO the fouth of dia.
!ineJ thtre areno extenfive cODlin..:tHs near lhe tropics in ei·
ther of thefe places.
P O E
Vollius thiDks tha, love Wa. ,be GrCl occaGon ofilOetry;
which IS oot improbable. conridering th at chiS ..Jreélio[l
is coeval with mankiod, is univerlal, ...nd natu r;tlly pro·
duétive of poetry . Yetlt undoutedly owes its incre:..fe and..
progrers tO religion. Dacier indeed calls il lhe otfspring
OC rehgion ; and it is c::ertain, in lhe earlieft ages of the
world, thu il was ufual tO fing hymns tO the honour of
, be gods upon folemn feCl,vals. D u Bos ,bink. ,hu
poetry has becn employed in aJl ages, even by ,he moa
unpofifhed natioos, tO preferve the memory of pan events.
Its principal aim is to Baner our fenfrs aod imagination :
forl -,ccording lO P la10, 1I awakes (he fpill{ual emplre of
the foul. Every kind of po~try dlunlS us in proportioa
to íts objea. fay. Du Bos ; .nd 'o be very affetbng, it.
ought tO be very exaét. It is nOl lhe Carne Wllh poetry
as with other ans ; (or an ignorant perron may judge of
poeuy by tht imprdlion it makc:s 00 hlm: whence all
meo have a rigllt lO give their opio ion concerDlng a piece
of poetry. and ¡his judgmeD' ough , te be founde~ on e~perienc
ratber lhan 00 argumc:otdtion Poetry is an art
whc:re evtry thing fhould pleafe lt is nOl enout h lO e~-,
hibit o""turc:. whlch in ce.rnio places and circumnances is
rude and uoplearaot: bUI (he poel mua chufe io her wbat
is beaullful (rom whal is not: whence a pOC:l ought tOo
chufe, (';)f tht: rubjt:él of his imitatioo. romc:thiog t hat is
nalUrally afFe(,.C}ing There is él particular I helori for_
poetry, which confifls 10 dl(cerning very precifefy what
ought tO be faid figurati\·e1y, and ""ha, to be fpokea
fimply ; and in knowinR whc:re OrndmCDt is rcqutred, aod
\\ here not: yet lhe llyle (hould be COpIOUS, and e\ cry
rpt:cies of wflting in chis 3rt IhouJd have:: a dltlion proper
to itfeJf. The qualalic..tions, then, nc'celrdry fOI pOef r?!,
or thofe which form 2 &,.od pOt't, ar~ leltJom (ound unl·
ted in one perron: he mult have 3n exuaordinary g('nl\:5,
great natural I!ifts. ít wit jult, pierc~n~, latid, ~nd uni·
ver{al; an under(hnding cien ¡¡nd dlHlnél j an Imagma ...
tion neal uld pleafaot ; O\n 'elcv:Hioo of foul that dt'pends
no' on art, or /lucfy. and whtrb is purely a gif, of he.–
van, :lnd muR be fu{lained by a lil'ely fenfe ar.d vivacity,
a gre:u judgmeot to confider wi{e:ly of lhings. and a vi–
vacity tO expre{s chem with that grace 3nd ahu!,!dance–
which (Sthun beauty. In .fine. to accomphCh:l poer,
is required a lemperature of Wlt and f:mcy, of nrength
aQd [wectn&, cf reo<tr,ltion .od ddicaey; bu,••boye.U,