1000000031

2A,"Tnn¿1I0n, :mcl ..lways blo\\', from fome routherly point .

!Juc

th~re

lhi,

diffcrcnce

betWecD

this wind upon (he

<oafis of

CMIi'

and

Angcla,

lh.u it

e~tcnds

much

f""lher

out to fca uponth'c former

chan ' upon che

I.Hter.

Jo order

tO C'xrl.1in

che c:luCe of this fingula r phenome–

Tlon,

necdrary

lO recolJc(l,

tt\at

lhe

genehl

trade·wind

produC'cd

thl! concurrence of two

fCra riue

c~ures.

One

lhe

grcat

he:n

of the cquatorial region.

which

slone wOllld be proJuccd a

conriant

Aort ~

rou~h

wind.

The othcr is

lhe

diurnal rcvo!utioo of

lhe

earth, which

would c:lufe

íl

perpctuilJ tcnctcncy of

lhe

air

{hefe warm

regions from

can

wdl.

From

lhe

concurrence of ¡hefe

iwo C:luCes refuh

lhe

gCMc:al

tradc· wind, which

\Vould

conOantly blo\V (rom the SE o' NE, as \Ve have al ,eady de.

monnrtttcd. BUI

any one of

there

two

caures,

'-"Y

.particular place,

preventcd from producing

full

dfetl,

whilc the other continues to exert

influcnce, (he general

dircélion of

lhe

wind

will

be varied, and

will ¡¡!Turne ano·

lhcr. Thus,

the

eojJ

wind was prcvcnted (rom aéling in

any

panicular

place, while nothing interruptcd the

folll ),

norlh w inJ,

is evideot

thal lhe air

would ruCh

lowards

th~

equitor

lhat dirtétioo which was

ocardi

and

cafidt

whetber th" Ibould be pointing eaOward or \VeOwatd.

No\V as lhe high mounlains in

th~

internal

pans

A/rica

"Dd

A1IJtrico

¡ntcrrupt

the

CDUrre

of Ihe can

wind

ocar

Ihe (ur(ace o( <he ean h . whilethefe coall. o(which wenow

·treal are

cntirely

opl"n to

the

foulh, Ihe

wind naturally

rUntes alons the eoalls o(

Chi/i

.nd

Ango/a

fron, north to

{outh; and as lhe )ow lands near the filore, in thefe warm

region" is geoeral1y warmer lhan the fea, the wind

will

naturally point in toward. the Ibor., .. i. gen.rally obfelved

to h.ppen.

This, chen, is the obvious caufe of the fomh ,!,iñd whick

always prevails upon the coafis

o(·Chili

and

Puu,

as well

as -aJong Ihe fhores of

Angl/a,

LOllngo.

&c. But it

¡.

only near the fhore that this can take place; nor can it ex–

tend 10 a great hcighl above thefe lolV and [erlilc regions.

For as lhe interoal puts of thefe couolries are exeeedingly

bigh ; out more e(peciaJly the

Anda

Amrrica,

" hlch

~xperience

a perpetual degrcc of eold morelotenre lhao fome

polar regions ever experienee; the air mua here be condeo.

(ed to a very gre.. degree, and fend forth from thefe high

regions a perpetuaJ wind to every lide, wbich occafions al·

moO alJ ,Ihe

~culi1rities

thu have beco remarked in ,hefe

climates : For by

oppor.ng

the general current of th" trade,

wiod upon the canern part of thefe continenu , they pro–

produce the(e delugea of rain which fupply the immenfe ri·

"en of lhe

A1JIDz. nl,

La Plal)" Oc,

there do nOl, Ilke the

Nih

and

Gambia,

fwell only al" a particular feafon, and

theo fh rink into

diminctive liz.e agato, but continue tbrough–

~Ul

tne wltole year, with ltrs , adalion of fil.e.

pour their

Immeofe ftoods of water iDto ,he ocean . Tbefe coJd winds

Jikewife ftre1ching lO rhe wenward, ;u a confiderabl e dif.

tance above the warmcr regions of !he fea·coall, al Ic:ngth

d~rccnd

as low as Ihe ocean, and form the general trade–

""od, and Ol

'e.r.on

tbar unufual desree o( cold wh,ch mari·

J)en

ha~e

fo oCten compl¡¡uocd of c,'en ander the

lilJ~

the wdlward of Americ<\. To the

(a.me

eolure alfo murl lVe

a(Uilmte ,he thick fO&5 (o common upon (he fouthern

pi4TU

or.

~Mli ,nd

along thecoaO. o(

P"u,

with the oth.. peculi.

armes of (hu fingular

clim~te

about

Lima

aod the kiogdom

Val/u

in Soulh Amerita; for (he vapours which are ex.

h. led in fuch great abund.nte in tbe wum "fions on tbe

VO L. IJI ,

N°

89.

'199 •

fl'a

Ol?r~,

are, at a liate hcight

ab.wc

t11e urtn, crmdenfui.

the eoht winds which c"me (rom the mounuios, and

form ll1c::rC thick mifi, which ale fo oftco obfen'cd in thi.

d imat e, T he fOlme eíFl!tls are (eh in fo.n e degrcc on tb:

limitar coa

of Arriea. BUI as the moun:tlins of

Afrh·.

Rre nOl ro high as the

Anda

Amuict1,

nor

appro~ch

near the wcfiern coan, the effcéh are leCs Jer.fibJe here

It.¡m

Americt1.

Thc gr(,3t hcight of the

.ll1du

aboye the

mounlains of Ih'e fimilarly (jtualed country of

Af~fcn,

i5 th!.

only r"!2rOn why the efFc:ds on lhí!.l coaR: are nOI feh (o al\

<qual dcgree• • lthollgh 'Íimilar in kind.

A more úngulaf deviation (rom the general rrade wiud is

obrervcd

take place on rhe

A/rican

and

AI/J~ricalf coafl~

la'

lhe nonh of lhe line/ thaD thore \Ve ha\'e taken nOI'ice

oí

to lhe fourh of

¡t.

F or il i5 obCerved. th.t from

Cllliforni~

to the bay o(

Panama,

all aloog the co.A. of

N,'W Spain;

the winds blow a1moft· conllantly (,om <he

",en

or SW.

nearly direéHy oppofire to tbe trac.!e-windj and on lhe

co.f~

Aj'rica

(ró m

BOJ,.dor

V"d.,

they blow chicjly

from the NW, flanding in upon the fuoTe; froOl 'thence the

wiod beods gradu..lly mOre and more froro lhe north 10 the

weO, and fo round to ,he

SW,

. 11 along the eoall o(

Gui.

neo,

as will be dillinaly feen by the map. After what we

have raid of

Jh~

winds on the foulhern pans of theCe region5.

il will be unnecelfary to fpend much time in explaioing the

caufe of the[e peculiarities, as 11 will evidently appear th:rt

they are nearly' lhe fame, the .varialion,

h~(e

obfervcd

be~

ing occaGoned

Ihe particulardirellion of "hecoaft, Thu .,

. Iong the co. O o(

N.'W Spail1,

the wind blow. nearly th.

fame direltion in every plAce, as there are no' remarkabl.,

bendiogs on lhe coan; being uniformly drawn towards tha

ihofe, by the great heat of lhe low pan of the continent

near the Cea; whieh ín thefe, regions is alwaY5 more hc;at!d

than lhe water of the oceaD, and occafions Ihat ¡nOeétioo.

Bue as lhe coan of

A/rica

is more irregu).u:., Ihe·winds .I(tt

are fOUDd to be more diíFerent in thei r dircélion, T o the

north of

V~rdl,

as the coan Lirt:tches O(:arly

!fJuth

aedo

norlh.

lhe wind, being drawn towards it a linTe, . bb w1

from the NW. But beyood that, tbe co.1l bends more

eaOward to

r:.

Po/mol;

(rom vihich- it runs E o, NE all alon;¡

<he coaO o( G uinea. the wind Ibifting g,.dually more .od

more to lbe \Vell, Ilill pointing in UpOIl the coafl . And ..

there is nothiDg tO oppofe che curnOl of 3ir, which comes

(rom the fouth, along the coall of

Ang. /a,

it Orctches .for.

ward till il comes within the inSuence of me coan of

C,"II;1f!II.

and is there drawn

lowards lhe fhore in a SW dircél:ion.

B ut as il is only the 10\Yer-region, of t he C01U of

Cui:u"f

which are

much warmed, the high mountain! wirhirt

cootinuiog cold . the nonherly wind eoming from tbtfe

meeting and

oppor.ng

the (outherly winds in the highe, 'e·

f ions of lhe air, by their mutual con8iéts

oc~fi)n

thC\(e

incelf<'lnt rains and trerncoduous thundt:r fo rem.lfkable

alo~ :.

1:he ",hole of this uncomfonabJe coan.

l e hAS been orteo obferved by mariners. 1hat there

track of fea to the wefi of

GUilU6

from nve to ten

d:~n·( ,

of nonh latitude, io which the tnde wind blows ,. ith

k(,

ficadlOefs

tllaO

~ny

other pan of that ocean

be,,,,

::al"loft.

confhntly trouhled with calm! and lornadoe,: lhe c311Ce

ní

which Ihe readcr wilJ perceive by in(peain;:: (he map; as he

will eaGly fce that Ihe winds are drawn (rom chis qu<\ner

alO1oft in every direétion; fo that there c;,n be h::e no con--–

ItaDt wind; but I eiog exhauned

(l(

il" air, it

muR

bcr,\~

ligbter than the circumj.cent pam, and mutl tb,n b<

(Dr·

6 K

rJ:c.l