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POR
w~ rl!. i~) lhat it is ~n half vi1rificd fllhn.I:lCe, or nunu ·
(.h~tlre, in f\ micidle ft dtc hctw::l;!n the common b.. k~d
eanhen \VMe of uur vnl(!,H nl,mu ' ¡¡,anr~s. and true gLfs .
1 'his is Ihe efl~n[lA I :l'lri tl lll nébvc cl1Jra~er of porcd.t1O i
O:lnd 1t is only by conlidl!nng il In rltlS Itght, th;u \Ve are
10 hope of t!.rnving at thl! perfe(l an of IInllating It \O
E llrope. Th is :lttl!mpt is lO be macle 011 there principies
in 1\vt)ddr~rcnt mdoners 1 he one: by (jnding rOO1": appro·
pria:t'ci Ol-ttter, on which 6re aas with more than ardí·
nary IIr ength . in lhe time of its pt!.fTi ng (rom lhe commo:>n
b.l kcd of e:tnheo ware ioto thal of gldfs. 'fh e Q'
lher is 10 COll;pO(~ a parle of (\Vo (ubH~llces, redU":l'd to
a powda i lhe ane of which IIt.11! be of force lO r..:fdl a
\'ery vi..>lcnt íire, ro as nOl to bccome vitr,lieJ in it ; ilnd
the oth~r a m,¡tte:r ve:ry el~ ly vitl'ifi"hle. In lhe lira edfe,
the maue:r is 1:0 he ,ake:n out of the: fi re at lhe time when
it is imperfe.. '1 ly vitriGcJ; and in lhe other, lhe compounú
m..fs is lO remAin in the furnace. 1111 the one fubll.lnce
which is lhe more Cd(i!y ,·ilri!jff.~I,¡: is Huly v.trificd j and
b.:ing lhen tdken OUt. lhe wholc: will be what porcdain ¡s,
a fublh nce in part \·iHili~d. bUl n OI wllOlly fo . T he: ~rn
methoJ is lhal by \Vhich the European porcehin has b:en
r.ene: nlly made. wJlich Ihot1~I) tI m,tY be v: ry ucautlful,
yct il 15 always eafy lO ddtinuuifh even lhe: findl of it
from the china ·ware: and the nature of the t wo rubrt,¡n·
ces "'ppcars evidendy différent: Iheft: o'.ving !II Ihei r
he,Huy ID the; r near :ilpproach to vitrification, are nude
to end ur~ a long anJ 1'Iulent Ilre, and are takl:n rrum il
at a lime when a Jitl le longer continuance Olould have
maot: th'!m pcrfe6t gl"fs; 0 0 the comraq', Ihe china·
Wilre Léing maUé of a p:tne, pUl of which i9 m..lde of a
fubHaFlce in ilfel( fcótrce poffible tObe vilri~ed, bears ,he
~re io a yet moch more inteoCe degree than our" aod is
in no dangrr of running wholly into gl;\fs from ilo
l'he tWO fl\.blh,nccs uftd by lhe Chincr~. are well
known by l:le names of petunre and kaoltn; a"d 0 :1 exa·
ruining theft, jt appeHs very evident, thM \Ve llave In
Eu rope the VeI y Cubll.nces, or . t lean (ubfl.nce,
of the very f..me naUlrt. capable of being wrought ¡uta
poree!.lin equaJly bcautiful :.o l1d fine.
P LAIN ·!II ELt.. See CVPRJEA.
P ORCUPI NE, in zoology. Se< H ISTRlX.
PORE, in amuomYI a little inlernice or fpAce between the
pans of lhe {;(in. férving for perfpiralion.
P OR ELLA, in Lotony, a genu, of mon." Ihe amhera of
which IS muhilocular and (oramio,Jfe , Se!"! Moss.
}lO !'tlA, a ~enllS of fungufe;, growlng honzootally i bm
. h,¡viog it:J uilder fide not formed iota lamdlx, bUl full
of I.u le hoks or pure3.
T hClrc are a great m,:¡ny fpecics of pori.l, amonn \Vhich
i!: the 'II! Hic uf thef'hop', SeeA c ARlc , aodSTvrTIC.
J'O!U'ESSF.. in ichlhyolog)'. See DELPHINUS.
PORI'HYRY. in n. lural hiflory, a kind oflloneofapl ain
uOIform r...tf" Cpotted \\'i1h rl!parate concrctioo~. of
JIArdne:Cs. givin~ firc wHh necl. nat fcrmenung wllh ;¡ .
('ills, and v..:ry Oowly and dlfficuhly c¡Jcining io a Ilrong
tire.
l'orphyry is of f"eral (ons; as, 1 The porphyry of
1h..: an ·'cl\ts. which is a moa e1egant m;¡fs uf iln extréme.
Jy fi,m a;¡d comjl¡¡!l H:c!b re, r:-m:ld::J:lly r.C":-.\,y, and of
a fioe ftron,j p~rplc, v:\riéc.ued more 01' Icfs with pale,
:tri, and whitc: IlS purple is of dll dcsrccs, from lhe e!l'
l? O R
ret·clJlou r to that or Ihe \liol(t¡ and iu varil!g aions are
fJrely d fpoft"d in "ein,. bu! (rols. (ometimc, 'i very (ma l!.
and a l otiler! runnln¡.: iOlo I-Hgt" blo1Chcs 11 IS Jels 60e
m.hly u( the orch l1ílry OlArbles; OU I il il e: xcd ls tht>m
al! io hardncfs, ~nJ is carAble o, :iI moU elq~:tnt pohlh.
lt is ¡bll (ol1nd in immenfe 10 E~yp1. 2 . The h"J
red lead .coloured porphyry, varieg.lted with bJack, whlte,
green. This iJ a moll bcaul lCul ttnd vdluable ColJ(lance.
lt ha.s the hardneCs . and ,, 11 lbe ot her charalte,s of Ihe o·
riental porph yry; and enn yexcellsnrn brrghtnd5.
~ nd in lhe bcauty aod \'ariegation 01' iu eolours. h is
found in great plenty in Ihe iClaod of ~f tnorca; and is
cl<tn:mely worth importing. for rt is greatl y lupenor wall
t11e lt.lli. n m"hlts. 3. The . pale.red porphyry,
varie~ated with bl;¡ck, white, and green. T his i5 of a
tlcfh·colou r; oiten approaching tO while. It is va·
riegatcd in .blolches from half an ioeh to ao inch brodd.
It takcs a high polinl , and emuLucs aH th: qUAlities of
the oriental po(phyry. lt is fou nJ in ¡nlnleole firata ln
Ar.bia Po..",a, and in the Upper Egypl : and lO (ep• .
r¡¡te oodu les in G ermany. Englan<l. aod lreiand.
PO RPIIYRY·SHEL L. See MURI:.X.
PORRUM , in bOlany, S" ACLIUM . •
PORT·GREVE, or PORT ·C RAVE, was (ormerlythe prin.
cipal magiHrate of nurllinlC: (owns. The cbid m;¡gill rate
of L ondon was anciently called by Ihi;.name, 1111 Rlch"J
L caufed the cily to be governed by two b¡¡lifFs ¡ foon
"fter which king J ohn granted (he city tl maror.
PORT·t..' ORI ENT, in geograrhy. a (o~trCrs and port·town
of Britany iD Franc~, al the l1loUlh of the flVI!; BJa\'c\ :
Vv. long. 3° IS', N. la1. 47° 42.
PORT·LOUI S, a. pon.lown of Britany in Fran~e, fi ruated
in IhebayofB¡(o.y: Vv . long 3· 6', N. 131. 47° 42.
PO RT. MAHO N, a V n of llle inand of r-.llOorca, titll–
ated on a fi ne bay at the can end o( Ihe iO, nd, io E. long.
4° 6' , N. lat. 3<)° 50.
P ORT' ROYAL, the name of t\Vo monaflerics of Ciflercian
nuns, in lhe diaceCe of P.tri s; the: one oear Chevreufe,
at Ihe dlfiancc of Ilve leagues from PMis, cllI~d Port.
R oyal of the licld9; and the other in Paris, iDlhe fu bu lbs
o( SI J ames.
The nnns of Ihe former of {hefe monafleries, pro"ing
refraélory, \Vere di(perfed¡ when many eccldia(hcs. anJ
others \Vho were of the Came rc:ntimeOls as theCe religious,
re[ired lO Pon Royal, took apelrtmenu thcre. and print..
ed many books : hence the naOle of Port·R o}'aJi!ts \\35
giveo to all of their party. and their books \Vere calltd
books of P Ort · Ro)'al : from hcn..:e we rely .he ....rit('ls of
Pon Royal, !I1dlieurs de Pon R oyal, and Ihe ".lnfla–
tions and grammars of P ort·Royal.
r uR T. kOV Al. . in geocraphy. a pon·w .....n. fitu:l1('d in 1he
extrc:.mity of a Jong pOIOI of land . in (he routh.eaíl pal t
of Ihe ifland o( J amatca: W . long. 770, N. 1... 1)° ,0'.
P ORT' ROVA L, :ln rllaod on the coan oi" Soot h·('arohna.
whieh . with the: nelchbuuring conuncnt. furms one uf
the mofl commodious haruonrs in the Unlrlll planteltlons:
Vv . long. 80°, N 1.1.. 31° 4).
PORTA, or VEN .... POR TA, in an~tomy. SU :\N .\TOMV,
p. 244 '
PORT:\TE, or a CROSS 1' 0 ll. TATE, in herdldry. a erofJo
whlch doe, n:.t Itand uprr:;hl, as crofft's ~ctH'r,dly Jo.
Ll!l lirs a:rof~ [he cf~utdl~OIl iD b::nj, as if it were
canv.l