1000000031

(

)

P R 1

hi:ll

t"1 ~

1..in;

Spin in

conCidaatic,n

!lis rrinting

l he pol}glol

(lf

AntU'crr.

T hc

printcI5 of G t:lmany.

6r.

gt:ncr,d1r

, aH

Ihl!:r own It:ttt r, and

(di

thelr own

hbc,kc;

Thck

tlre

illlll.lny pi:lcc:s r:.nked f!.mcn& Ihe mt'm··

bers of I1nivcdi lics, ano cOIitled 10 Ihe privilcge 01

Hu–

dent~.

In Enl!,ldnd, Ihcy are dlcemcd

a part

the com–

p:my nflLll ion('rs tlnd hookrelkrs.

rR 1NTfNG.

Ihe

3rt

of IClking im pref1ions from r h:\rtléler.

or ligu rc<:, mOl'cahle"or

il1lnlo\'eí\l>Ic~

on paper, bnco. jjlk,

eco

Thcre are

du ce:

kinos of printing ; the one frolO

moveahle lencrs , for oooks: Clnflther (rom coppcr.pLtles.

for pil.9 \1rcs; and Ihe Jan

(rol1l

hloc~s,

WIHCh

Ihe re–

prdentJ lion

birds, flowers,

¿·c

are cut , for prínling

c.dico~s ,

IlOen!':.

oc.

the filO: callcd cOnlmon. prds

pt infing Ihe fecond rolling,pl crs printing, aod Ihe Jan

calleo,

ee.

r n nl ing . Thc princip:¡j dlfft rence between

the

I hr~e cf'nfi n~

in this, IhAt Ihe firel IScaH iD: rclievo. In

diflin..

'l:

pu,'c:.'s; the feeond engravt:n iD creux

and the

thi rd cm In

lchcvo,

2nd gcner¡,¡ lIy Hamred, by pJaclng

ti",:

block upon

lhe

mat!rials to be printtu, and HnklOg

upon the

b....

d.:

Pr!l!r'f

(){

PRI:-:Tn:c. \ Vho the firn im'cntors

the

E urol>e,¡n Illt.

.d.od

of prir.nng books \Vere. io ""hat city

and

wh.u

ycar it

w~s

jCt on

(001,

are queUíons

lon~

olf·

puted

~ntong

the Je<l.rned. In

(íf(,.ét,

the G recian ci lies

contend!!d (or the binh o( Homer, fo

tite Gcrmf\n ci lles

for Ih ..

o( prinling. IvIeotz, H3c rlt:m, and StrafLnrg,

are the warmeH on lhis point of honou r. J oho Gu[(cm–

Uurg••

Ild

J ohn Fufl of M en, z ; John ¡vIeo,el o, Srraf–

hu rg. "nd

J ohn

Ko{ler

of l-herlem; are Ihe perfons

to wltOIll dlls honour is feve rally afcribed, by

th~i r

re·

fp!!fli\'( eouotryrncn

2nd thcy h,l \'e all ·their ad vocarc:,

among the learned. However, their

fi.rt

eflitys were

mMie on

\\'ooden

bbcks, after the Chlnde mannc:r.

The

boc.k al J-hcrlcnl, ,he vocabu

l.uy

calJt'd Ctllhoheon, dnd

t he piecl's

{he BodleiClo lilJrary, and th.n of Bt'ontt–

coJJeg!!, tl re

all

performed in

l1.is

w..

and lht: Imprer.

fion appears lO have beco only gi Yen

0 0

one fide ot Ihe

Ican:s, a(ter whieh rhe. t\Vo bJ.lOk fides \vc:re

pafl~d

tOo

~elher.

BUl

Ih~y

foon (ollnd the inconl'enicnccs of Ihis

Inclhod; and ther(l(ore bcthouCht themrdves of ao

1m·

provemeot; which was by making fingJe Il'tttrs ddhnét

from ooc another; ano dlCrt:: bt'rng firU c!one in wood,

~:¡ve

r:'lom for

fccC'IOd impr Vl ment, \',hlch was the.

mabr.g them of O1( tal; ano, io order tO th:u, forming

mC',nlds, rn:ltrices,

Oc.

for ca{ling Ihe,".

From this iogcnious contriv¡¡oee we ollght

date the

ori;:I n of the preLm art of priming, eontradiHinguifhed

(rom

,he

m«hod

pr..

a,(ed

.he Chincfe. And of .h..

5cbodr~r.

or Schcfrcr,

ijrll

(avanr, anel a(terw:1r,ls pan.

ner ;!;lId ron-in

J.IW

of FuO:, al

M~nl7. ,

ClhovcOJenlloned, IS

prltty gen: rally al'owcd

be the inventor, (o that he

may properly be n:ckoncd Ihe fi rll priotcr, aod the BthJe

whlch w¡.s printed with movl'Ólble letters in

450. the

firO prtntc:d book ; thcnexl

W3\

Au&uOtne de eivH ..te

D~i,

fhen T nlIy's ofliCts, p·intl.'d :tbout thlo! r e:lr 1461 . lo Ihele

I~ooks

Ihey Id l rhe placcs cof the iniliallettcrs bJa nk, and

~ave

them tO Ihe dlu01iocrs

have thenl CJrnl O1ented and

r Alnted In

~old

and .¡zure, in oreler to reodcr lhe

\1.'0 1

mort> htautl(ul. ;'lod,

cl.S

(ome think, tO nt.lke lhlir bouks

pa(s for ntanul..:npts.

Some ;l\lIltors te l

m , th:u FlIll carrying a parccl of

!>iblcs

with him tO jJdris J anú ofTc:rinl! thCI11 la (..!le

manU!CI

j~ri;

the French. uro:} cO:lliJl.'riflg

tll(~

rltlnll-et

uf bOClks,

í\nd Iht'ir cKatl conlormil y

{ ('I

e.lch o' ho: r

Oca

pOIOf, 2nd

Ih.tt

was :mptll!ibJe for lhe bctl book–

\\Ittt:r~

be lo ('

X.la,

COOdUllt:d tlH::re

was

w1tehcrtlft IR

t hec~k.

and, by Ihetr attuall y Indiél1ng him as a

conjJr~r,

or t1l1c.ltl nillt: to de (o. e xtortcd (rom him the (e, ld:

.an..! h('nee che origin of the populJ r flory of Dr. Faurt\l!,

Frolll

Jvlenlz, Ihe

an. o(

prtnllng foon fpread ¡flele

thl lillghul1l

a guod pan

Europe : H aerlem and Straf.

hurg

h"o

v..!

c;:lI ly ; whlch. tlS lhe cu rrent of aUlhors

rcprt'l'cnt il, occa liolled Ihcir pretcnoing

Ihe: honour of

lhe inVeí"lion. 1"1001

H acrlt lll

il p:.(J<d

10 R ome

146¡;

2nd

ir.to

Encland

in 1468 .

by metlns of Tho. AourchLer,

a, chbllhop

()t

C ;lOlcrbu ry.

\A.ho

feo l

r .

T urner

m..(!,:r

c..f Ihe lohes, í\nd

Ca:Hon mcrcham, to I·Lu-rlcm tO

learo the aTl . Thele privBu:.ly prcIoI.liling \Vith

Corfed~es,

undt::r~wCJr.kman,

to come OVl'r, a prefs \Vas fe l "p

O x(orc1 , and an edition of R ulfinu'i on Ihe creed was

pnnted Ihe ("me

~ear

in ollolvo. From Ox(orc. CclX–

toro brollght it tO L ondon abou t Ihe year

' 470,

í\nd rhe

r.Jnle yeal

was carried

P :.ris. H nherto (here had

b' tOlh)thlllg prinletl bUI

Latin, and

the-

vulgar longues;

aoo Ihis

lid l

in Rom::.o charaél(rs, Iht:n in

COtlllC,

and

tlt

\;dl

io Ita),c: bur

in 148o,

the ltalians Ctlit a fel of

Grcek Iypes; ard they ha\'e ..Jro

(h~

honour of [he

firll

H ebrc\V edlt lons, which wrre pnnled aboul the f"me time

\Vlrh the Gret k. 'T'vwards the nd of lhe fi xtecnlh een·

tUly tllcre appeared vl rious eJ uioos of bCJok3 in Syriac,

Al'abie, Perfia n. Armenian, Coptic or Egyptian cha rac·

ters; fome

gratily the Cl!rlOflly of the Ic:arned,

a~d

thers (or the ule of Ihe Chri'''ans of rhe L evant.

Out

o( Eu rore, lhc art o( prlnliog has beco cdfried lOtO

the

three other

ran'-

of Ihe u ("ld: (or

Afia,

we fre impref–

fi ans of buoks at Goa , aod in the Phlhrpines; al

1\10-

roe. o, for Afnca ;

l\1exlco.

L ima,

PIIII.ldelphi,l,

New

York, Hollon,

(or Anlcrica. T he Turks InJecd,

rigolouOy prt1h ,bi t printtng thl OUghoul

th~ir

eropsre, as

íD1aglolng

ll13{

the too (requenl c\lmmunicatlon with booJ..s

migtol CJcc.tfion (ome change in thei r rchgioJn .nd govern–

Oll·nt; yet the J:.:ws have (eH r.J edj lians of their boo}..s

prinled

a l

T hdrA!t,nia, and t VtO at Con(!antinorle,

/vh/~.,d ~/P R I NTINC.

The: \Vorkmen employed in Ihe

of prlllllog

Uf!

of (\Vo kinds : compofilors,

\\'ho

rtlnge

aod J :fpofr.: Ihe letlers

¡IHO

worc1s, )¡nes, p:tges,

6 (.

ae·

cording

I(l

Ihe

cop;,

ddiva~d

them by Ihe: aUlhor; 2nd

prdfillln . \'

ho .... ,

ply

Ink uplln Ihe lame, and

I ..

off the

implt'Hillll.

T he

I ypt~

uelog

C.llt ,

the Ct mpolitor ddlri·

It'S t:dt.h

klod

t,,.

IIIt1f anlon1! Ihe dL\'ifiuns o(

t\\fU

wO'ld~

en fr¡.o l1lt's. :.In Ilpl'\ r and ao unde-r one, C'alled

C'l'Ill~;

e",eh o( wh lh is cfl\'ldeJ IOIU IlItle cdls or boxcs.

1',)

of Ihe IIpper cAIt'

In nUlI1bel

nin~I}'.('lghl :

Iht" l' "re

~J1

o( tht: f.tOle

(iz e ;

Clnd in thl m

a r~

ddpllled dl\' rapll. '"

(m.dl

capu ..ls, acccnted letfers,

fi,,:ult~,

ÍJr.

th( C""p l:als

helO:~

plitccd io alphAbelle..1 cHdl. r. In Ihe cells of {he

Jo\~('r

c..fe, ..dllcll are fi f' y.tour. ale rl.,ccd Ihe Im.lllet–

ters, wlt h the

pOlnts,

Ipd.Ct

Ce.

T ht' bl)Xt S 4Ire hcre

of diRc re-nt

fi l.~ s ,

Ihe I lrj:!eU bll n$!, for the: Il'tters O1C1H

u(C'd; and

t hd~

boxcs

"re

not in ..

1J'h, ~('t,C"

..1 order, but

lht: ('(115 wlllch comal n the Icut r

ol:~ndt

want::,d are

near('H

tlll'

C'um¡h)liw r', h.lnd .

E. ..

ch c..fe

pl.l(,t'O

.¡

ln–

t!e ¡¡flope, th.-l t dll' conlpoJlilor "1.11 Iht more (¡¡I¡ly rc.•.:h

Ihe ul'p..:r lmxl s. T hc Inlh unll'nt In "llIch

Il\t'

kucr

"".

i«

c:dkd a

compoflllg. H:c~,

(,biJ.

D°

< )

u h" h

cooli:l.