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P R ( 5 [ 2 ) r n
nO , . is :l "cry cu rious , though complex nl:lchine. The
body conCi,ls of two tlrong chccks, n 0 , pl"c~d pcrp.:n–
(lIcolrlrl)'. ~nJ joined t og.~thcr by rour cro~s- pieces : lhe
cap h ; lhe ht. ...d c. which is move.\ble, being pal tly fu –
Hained hy [ \Vi) ,ron_pins. or long bolts, that pafs tho.: Cftp j
the rhclves d d, which fcrve to kcep flcady a p< c.. lk·d
Ihe: ho(~' ; and , he winter ~. whicn bl!.u·s lhe ~a rri:tgt!,
dnd fUIt.(ins lhe ciTor[ of lhe pre(s bcneath . T he rpi ldll!
f a s ao "p' ight piece o( iron pointed ",ilh ftecJ, having a
male.fcrew which gaes iotO Ihe female cne in lhe heílJ
about four incht's. Through lhe eye g o( lhis (pindle is
{<dl ened the t)dr 1:. by which Ihe prd rman makcs lhe ím–
r rcfliun. P.trt or lhe fpindle i9 inclofed ¡na ('lua re wood–
en framc caJlc:d the hoCl! h, :md its point works iot a a
brJfs-pan furplied Wilh 0;1, which is "xed tO an iron–
Jet int o [he tOP of the platten. At ea ch ' corner of
l he IroCe, there is t\n iron~hook fan enea wil h pack_th read
to thore at cach end of lhe pl:Ht en i , io fuch a manner
as t O kl!ep il pc:rfc ... 'l ly Ic::vd . The carriage 11 is pblccd
a fvot bclow the plan eo, ha\'ing ilS fore~ptl rt Cupported
by 3 prop ealled the (ore-Ihy, while the other rells on
t he winter. 0 0 this c:trri.age, w hi ch (u(lains Ihe plaok.
a rl! q,¡ilcd I \VO long iroo-bars or ribs. and 0 0 lhe plank
are nailcd (hon piece6 of iron or {leel called cramp-irons,
t:"quall y fempererl wilh lhe ribs. and which {l,de upon
them when the plaok is turned in or out. Under lhe
c:uriagc is (jAeo a long piece of iron called Ihe (pit. \Vith
a doublc wheel in the midd le. round which leather–
gins are (aClencd , n.i1ed to end o( the plank ; and
to the outfide o f the Cpit i:; fixed a rounce 1/1, or han–
d ie [Q turn round Ihe whee!. Upon lhe plank is a Cqu:lre
frame or coRio, in which is indoled a polif'hed llone on
which the form n is laid i al the end of the coffin are
t hree (r¡unes, t ,jz . the t wo tyOlpans and frif1.:et : Ihe
t ympans () are Cquare, and made of three flips of very
thin wood , and al lhe tor a piece of iron íl ill th inner ;
that called the outer t ympan is fa llencd wi:h hir:.ges to the
coffi o : they are both covered Wi1h parchment j aod be–
l wecn lhe tWO are p);¡ced blaokets, which a re necelTary
ro take off the impreffi (JIl of lhe letters upon the paper .
T he (rilket p is a rquare fra me o( thio iron, (a!leoed
Wilh hinges te the tympan ; it is covered wi th p;'per CUl
jo lh e necclT:l ry pl<tces, 1hat lhe flleet, which is pUl be–
t ween lhe frin<et and the grt at or outward tympan, may
Tecei~e lhe iok , and that nothing may hun lhe li1:trgins.
T o regulclte lhe margifis, a (heet of paper is faflencd
u pon this tym pai1 , w hich is called lhe tympan-Iheel ; and
00 cach fide is fixecl :10 iron point, which makes t wo
h oles in lhe {heet, which is (Q be placed on Ihe fame
r oíots, whcn (he imprdlion is to be Olade on lhe other
fidl!. I n pl cpa ring lhe pre(s for working, the parchment
w h,ch covers the OUler tympan is wettea [ill it is \'ery
(oft, in order to render lhe im prcffion more equal:-Ie j the
h l.tnkels are theo pUl io, a nd fecu rcd (rom (]Ippin.g hy the
'¡l1ner lyOlpan : lhen whílc one r relTl\1:\n is be'l.l ing lhe
ll!ttC'r wi{h {he h.tlls 9, cov~r('d with ink t..ken ( 1"0111 lhe
ink. blot:k Ihe olher perron places a f., eet of while ptlpér
on Ihe Iympan-fltect . un ns clown lhe frifket upon ir tO
kecp lhe papcr c1c:.tn and prev~nt its fl tpping j lhen bring
ing lhe tynlp:... ns I1 llon lhe forOl , and turning the rouncc,
he brinr,.s the form with lhe (lon(', &c_ \VeiAhin~ :tbol1t
;00 puunds weighl, undcr the r1attt:n; pllll~ wi th lhe
b<r. by whieh lhe plattco prene. lhe bl. oket. aad
paper c10re npon the Ictler, ,.,hcrcby the form i.
pnnte:J; then e t(ing lhe uar. he d r3ws lhe fa rOl (blJ
w;,¡ro, gn-cs a fccond pull : <lOO lerting go the bar, turos
bitck lhe: fo rm , tí!kcs up the l ympans and fr IO«~ I. takes
OUt lhe printcd (hect, aod l.tys un a (rcOI one ; and this
is rl.!pt:ittcd tll l he h .IS takcn off lhe imprcl1ion upon the
rul! number of Olecls the ed lioo is lO con(j jt oro O ne
(jcle of lh:: (heet beiog thus pnnh:d . Ihe form for the o·
t!Jer is laid upon the rrefs, ~nd workcd off in Ihe {ame
manoer.
Chintfl P R I S T ING . is pe-rformed frol11 woodc!n pla nks or
bl0cks, CUt lik-c thofe ufed in printing of calJico. p.1per,
carcls Cíc.
R lJlling-prC'jl PR I NT I N C. is employed in tak in& off"pr ínts
or impr:lli Jns froO! copper. platc:s engraven, ctched, or
(c r:l pcd as in mezzotintos_ S ee EN C R A V I I'o C _
T his art is faid lO have been as ancient as the yea r
' 540, and tO owe it! origin to Finiguerra, a Floreoline
gnldrll1ith , who pou ring (ome melted brimnone on an en–
graven plate. fouod the cxatl impreffioD of the engraviog
le-ft in the cold brimffo ne, m3rkeJ with blac-.k taken out
o( the II rokes by the Jiquid (ulpil ur : " pon this he . t–
tcmpled tO do the [:tme on fi lver-plates wlth wet papero
by rolling it fmoothly wi-h a roller ; and this fueeeeded:
hUI this art was not u(ed io Englaod t¡ILthe reie n of k ing
J .t mcs 1. whe o it was brought from A ntwerp by Speed .
Th~ form of lhe rolliog- prefs, lhe compofi tiCln of the ink
ufed therein, and the manner of ap plYlOg both io taking
off prinrs, are as (ollow.
The roll ing_l'rer. A L ( Plate CXLVl f. fi g. 2.) may
bedivided into t wo parts, the body andcarria,je: lh e body
eonfiCl. o( I\VO \'Iooden cheeks P P pl. eed perpendieular–
Iy 0 0 a (land o r foot L M, which fun aios Ihe whole prefs.
F rorn the foot likewifc are four CJlher perpendicular pieces
C,(;,C ,C, j oined by other crofs or Lorizontal ones ¿,dJd,
which Cerve to (unain a Cmooth even plaok or table' HIK,
about (our feet and a ha!f loog, two feet and a half broad ,
and "' o ineh .nd a h. l( thiek. loto the r heeks go tWO
wooden cy linders or rollers, DE, FG, about fix inches
io d¡ameter. borne up al each end by the cheeks, whore
ends, which are lelTeoed 10 about tWO inches diamete r.
and called Hunnioos, l urn io t he chccks about t \\.'o
pieces of wood in form of hal r~moon9, Jincd with
poli(hed iroo tO f" cilitate the: motlon . L arl ly, 10 o ne
of rhe frunnions of the upp~r roller is fatlened a crors,
cOIlGlting of two levers A .B. or picces of wooJ , tra\'er–
fi og eaeh other, the arms of whích crofs .felve ¡ of
thc har or hanJle of lhe letter_preCs. by tuming thl! up–
per rolla, aod when lhe plank is between the tWO ~oJl(:rs,
givíng the fame mOlion to (he undl!r on~) by d rawlng th<!
pldnk fo rward and backward .
The ink uled for copper-pJatcs, is a compofit ion m3d~
oC the Hones of peaches aod ap ricots, lhe bODes of fh erp,
a nJ i\fory, alJ well "burnt. aoo called Franklort blad.: ,
mixt \\:lth nut_oil tille has bet'o well hoiled , and ground
tog,ether on a marbl~. afta lhe fame manner as painceTs
do \hei r colours.
The: mc:thod of prinl i n~ rrom copper-rLucs is as fol–
lows. ' ·hey t.tke.- ~ fmal! qu,lnl itv oí th:s lok on a rtl!.>ber
nltlde of linen r.tgc: . Hn bocnc1 ab~lul cach o[her, and
lhcrnvith rm~.lr lhe whoic Lt.:c o( lhe p!JtC as it IIe. s ('o
a ~r:ll e ove r a charco:al-li rt.'. The.- phut' h("in~ IUllicir:ntly
inkcd, thc:y ¡¡fH \\ ¡re Í[ oyer \\ iili 3. foul rabI t h~n \\ ah
t~·