1000000031

N E

<loc" a general ..ndehcy of the eurrent of air towards rhe

,nj/,

lotomuch

th:u

~d1t.rly

wlnds are

oblerll'cd

pre\'all

more than

...

ny ·ot"~r,

not ooly herc, but in .ill the Ir ,ntlcr

COUnlrlCS on

the

cO~linentt

dunng che

!lIl1llJ/cr

feaJon .

A nd

taJl~rly

wmds become

"galO

mu:-c pre\"<altnt in

lhe

~illlu

and

/pring .

On rhe conrrary, it is obferved in

Norlh Ame·

,,¡ca,

th ...

[he

,aJler/y

winds prevall

mOl

e in

ful/tlller

{h.tO

any othcr time; and

che

'!Vljl

winJs alwaYl preva" dunog

the cold monlhs <>f

'IJImltr.

The 'lame dl<[ls take ploce

wuh a greater degree of connancy in mher

pUlS

uf Europe,

panicularly in

G,:uu,

and {he countries in that neigh bour.

hood; as che

anClent

Gre~ks

hrlve particularly

rem ark~dt

,b" the wiods blew from Ihefou/h during Ibe

h,alorjum

",rr,

particula"¡y aboul Ihe

dog.daJl'

and from Ihe nonb

durrng che

colder we.uher

'W;I/Ier.

Any alteotí"e

rColder,

who has

accompanied us

lhus

far,

will readily fee . tbal Ihe

",on[o.ans

·which ,.ke place in Ihe

lndian

ocean

proceed trom tbe (ame general caufe. F or

when the fun, in his annu,,1courf\!, has crolred

the

Iin6,

and

comes lO aél: very Hroogly upon the extt:nlive countries o(

.traMa, Prrjia . Chula,

.nd Ihe olher pa", of

India,

, hele

b~comc

heated tO a Oluch higher degree

lhan

the ocean tO

lhe Couth of Ihem

~nd

the air above (hefe extenlive coun·

tries being fo much rare6ed, natun.lly draws che

wlOd

tO–

woIrds that place. which,

overcoming the general trade–

wind, produ, es lhe

foullJ<rly monfoOllI

which rake place iD

..11 Ihole fe.. during Ihe monlh. of

April,

M~y,

June, Ju.

IJ ,

Augujl,

and

September.

BUI when Ihe fun has agato

retreateU towards the foulhern hemiCphere, {his great de–

ir~e

of heat

thefe countries CubGdes, and lhe genuine lnde–

wind

again

refumes

its

muuril courCe; formin2 what (hey

<.11 Ihe

norlherly monfoon,

",hich blows in Ihe mOB,h. of

Oflfl!Jer, N aveI/J6er, lJecember, JanuárJ , Februar,.

aod

MRrc!.:

aDc:l as the cominent o(

Afia

now afi"umes a great–

er degree of cold Ih,n Ibe Atlandc or P ..cific ocean. '" Ihe

fome I..irude, ir produces a .brdk er aitd more I!eady

g.le

duriog the condnuantt: of chis monrooo, than

ever

expe·

ricnced in the

gener~1

tr:ade wind.

H..ving Ihus explained Ihe nature of the

monfoonl

in ge

neral, we thall proceed

cvnfider ,he particular, wh'ich in–

flueoce Ihe direa,on of Ihefe in Ihofe part. where Ihey ,. "e

place. In all Ih.. par< of ,h. Indian ocean

w~leh

hes be·

''''''n Ihe

iO.nd

/l'I~d«gar(nr

and

Cap, Commorin,

,he

",ind blow. eonCl.ntly from ,he

S. \V. bel ",e.n ,be

monrh. of

April

and

Ollober;

aod in Ihe oppoGte dire[llOn

from Ihe monlh of

Ollobrr

,,11

,1pril,

;¡lthough wlth fom e

nri.ilion

ddft:rent pl;¡ces .

th~re

wlOch

are nca her

Urong nor cuntlant in Ihe

B~J

Ber.¡¡ol

as in

th~

Indian o'

ecto.

And it is

ilkcwife rem04rkablc.

thae

the

wlnJs

theCe

feas

are gcnerally

mor.e

/DUlhuIJ

tbe

A/rican

~d<,

and more

'IJI'JltrlJ

on Ihe

In.li3JJ,

as appe." dtllioaly

tbe mlp.

BUl

Ihefe

vdriations

are nOI

r(pugnant

the

general Iheory. For il is luilici.ntly known, Ihar high

lands

in every

p"rt

the ,Jobe are much colder

th:a.o lo\V

and R.u

countrin ;

and

that

p3rt

Africll

is vcry high

ind

mountainous, che cold

IhtCe regions

is mucb

greate.r

Iban

in tbe n;ore

B.u

(aDolnes of

ArtJfin

and

india;

1hu the wind n.nur:ally blows

OID

,hefe cold regions,

the Cummer CeaCon, cowoIrds the \4armer conuneot of

Ajia;

-hich

Occ¡fions

tho[c

inR(t'bons of lh wind to Ihe

caU",,;;!

--which nke place in thcle

{e,1s

durio\!, the (ammer moolh1;

'?d is n,lI f.."her ani I d by Ihe p: Dll1ful , o(

'ndia,

rhe

Il.Iogdom

oC .

S~"ln,

aod the iD,lDds of

SU'PRlrll

aDd

Javll,

497

the (artern pan of this ocean,

Iying

muc.t

(Jrthcr,roull1

lh..

tht: klnguo:lJsO

Aru¿iu

and

P(IJ;tl

;

ro that thtre, be–

¡og Rl0re

heitt~d

th.m

Ihe ocean to ,he

w~Jl'l.u(J,.d,

naturally

driiw the wlnd towards

them.

and produce lhe

eaJln/j

va·

rtatlon of the

0100rOOn

which takes pl.lce

lhis pdrt of the

oceao, wlrile (he

.t.rm

aod r..ody ddarts of

Arabia

dr;uv

Ihe

wlnds

more di,etlly

nortlJ'IJ)ord

ntar lhe

Aj;;call

coatl.

In the eaHero pans of the

lndiall ouan,

beyond the Illand

Suma/,a,

Ihrough Ihe gulf of

SiPTn

and bay of

Ton ·

?uin,

and along the (oulhern paru of

Chinfl,

and among

,he

P nilippine 'jltlndl,

&c.

to Ihe non h of ,he Eq"u.tor, Ih.

monCooos obfrrve a differeot direélion, blowing nearly due

fo./h

. nd

norlh.

Here Ihe grea,d! pan of Ihe warm con–

unenl 15 lOthe

wdl

of this

d,Uria,

which maRes the

wind

nalurally .{fume Ihis direaion. A litde to Ihe e.(! of Ihi.,

amoog ¡he

Mar;amn( ifland"

lbe general trade-wind takes

place, tbere being

conuneot to tbe nonh of tbem to oc–

caGon mODrOOnS.

The monCoon5 are as regular

lhe eaClern

part

of Ihe

Indian

oCr!an

tO the

fou/h

of the Equator, as Ihey are tO Ihe

n~rlh

of it ;

here a

nor/hern

moofooo feu in from the

monrh of

Oll. ber ..

Ap, i1,

and

afoulh<rn

(rom

Ap,i/lill

Oflober.

And ht-re, as

the north of the

line,

we 6nd the

direc1ton

the monrooos

v~rying

according tO par ticuJar

circumUances in d¡fFertnt places : for about the illclnd of

Su–

matra,

and tow.uds the weH end of

Java,

tbe monCooos

fel io nearly from Ihe

norlh

and

o.lh

;

bu, roward

Cdeóet

acd

r¡"lur.#

chey begin

tend a Jiule more tO the

eofl

and

'IJItjJ,

gradually declining as they approach rhe eoa(! of

N.-w

Guinea,

nen to which the

norlh~rly

l1JonfcoIJ

from

OtlMJrr.

,iJl

April

blows from ,he N .

W .

and 'he.oppoute

0100-

fooD from Ihe S . E . belwecn

Olloóei

and

April.,

The

reader will.eaGly perceive that thele montoon, are occafioo ...

ed by the continenl

oE Ne-w Har.'tlnd

and

(';umra,

wltich

being hea..d by Ihe fUA when in the foulhern -ugns, draw.

-the wlflJ towards thu in (he fummer

Ce;::¡Con,

in .the Carne

manDer as (he

COntlO~nt

Afia

produces the moneoons

Ihe north of Ihe line. And .il is IIk<wife fu/liciently plain,

,hat Ihe inneaion of rhefe.periodieal wiods aboul

Cel,bu

aod

7illJur

is occafioned

{hat .pan of the COntlDent calJed

N~'W

Guinra

jutting out (o

near.to

·(he Equator

tbe eaft

of tht:fe, aod drawlog the wlnd toward th<lt quarter.

T hefe are Ihe mol! generó\! aDd extenfiye monfoon, whi¿b

take

pliotce in our globe.

BUl

there are otner periodica!

wind~,

whlch oCCur in particular places iD tbefe warm regioo..

Ihat de!crve .panicu lar. atteollon.

I n ,he

R,d·S,a,

Ihe monfoon

tllI(ts

as regularly as io

()o

t~t!r

pillees; but beiag inBueoced

the coan"

tend,

liole more to the ñorth Rnd Coulh thao in tJle Indian ocean.

On dle foulh eoaCl of

AfrJ(a,

ro Ihe foulh of

C. C.r;mla.

and ..bolll Ihe fouth<rrr par.. of Ihe iOand of

il1a1iagaftar.

th~·

n.'gular trade·wiAd froOl the S . E. takes place betwceD

Of/. b"

and

April;

bUI from

Aprtl

lill

Oll,bu

the WiDd

blolYs from Ibe VI'. or N .

\,V;.

"nd is al ,hal feafon exceed_

ingly cold. T his is evidenrly occafioned by a caufe airea –

dy I.ken nOlice

0('

(or,_ nOlwilhnanding Ihe high .and cold

n.ture of this ccntinent. )'et when the Cun is to the fOUlb

the

lin~,

his powerfuL inOuence at that feafon (o far a...

baces lheir natural degree of caJd, as

001

to iott:- rupLthe

Renor. 1 rrade.wiDd be< ween ,he Olo.nrbs of

Ollob,r;nd April:

Ba[ when he relurDS to the nonhern hemiCphere,

{he

bigb

mOtl",clln, o(

Africa

refume their oative coldnefs, aod re..

pcl the. seo r )

tr.de

-wiDds

tbeir cold and more r ower:

fu!