1000000030

~eH¡;e

oT ·¡he :particular names. nut as ¡his panicular

objeél mul! io fome m.nner

dillinguilheJ flOm

ol~m

nI'

Ihe fdme dafs to .which it belongs,

pmi_ul.r eldrs

of words was found oecerrary ·10 define and arcercun

Ihefe

individu.ls

, which has .given life 10 this order of

'\\Iords of \Vhich we now lIeal, and which Vle

h~ve

calltJ

¡j'pniliot/,

becaufe Ihey ferve

'ta

¡j,¡i~,

D/ld DjculDiil

DnJ p."icular

,:jdl,

al loft/,orale

j'rOtl/

Ih, gene·

rol

cI.rfi

lo which

dw;tlong. O/lJ,

col/rft, dtnole

¡'I

iJlJiviJulllil}.

The principal of Ihefe dcfinilives have

beeo ufuallycalled ARTICLES, Ihe natule of which may

be explained as folJows.

Sappofing

fee ao oQjeél with \vhich

10tall y un·

acquaioted, bal'iog a head and limbs, and appearing tO

porr.fs

the powers of ftlf motion and fenfalitJo

know it not as an individual,

refer it to its proper rpe.

cies, and call it

a dog, a harft, .lion,

or Ihe I,ke; and

if noneof Ihe oames of any fpecíes \Vith which [ ,m ac·

quainlCd bt il,

refer il to Ihe geous, nnd call it

all a·

nimal.

BUI Ihis is 001 enough. T he ohjeél al which we are

looking; aod waO! to dl:línguifll, is perhaps ao individu

al.-Of whal kind!

Kllolvn

ullknD'Wn?

Secn oow

for Ih, prjllil//',

ft.n hefo"

and now remembered !

is here we (hall dircover Ihe ufe of the IWO anieles Aand

E; for Ihe anicle

rerpeéls our

primar}

perception,

ánd denoles individu..

unlnown;

whereas TH

re·

fpee'!s our

ftco,dar}

perc~plion,

aad denotes individuals

lnown.

To explaio this by an example,

fee an ob

jeél pafs by which I ,never faw dlllhen: What do Hay!

'!hm

gOti

htuar 'lJJilh

long htard.

The man de–

,pam, and relUros a week afler : Whal do

Ihen fay!

'lhm

THE

h.ggar 'Wilh

THE

IM.~

btard.

Here

the aniele ooly is changed, lhe rell remains uoahered.

Yel mark Ihe force of Ihis appmody minute change.

The individual

once 1I3gU.

is now ICcogniled as

[om:–

Ihing lnO'Wn,

and Ihal merely by the eflicacy of this lat·

:ter miele, which lacilly inGouates .a kind of

prtvioul

ac–

quaintaoce, by referring a prefeol perceplion to a like

perception at.cady pall. :Heoce Iherefore we fee, thal al·

though Ihe anieles

and TH Eare both of them

dtpni·

li~",

they circumfcribe the la!ilude of genera aod

fpecies, by reduciog them, fOI Ihe moll pan, 10 deaolC

Individuals; yet Ihey differ in this refpeél,

Ih~t

the arti–

ele

leaves the iodividual itfelf

unafcerlaintd,

bUI Ihe

anide THE

afwlainJ Ih. individual al(o,

and il for thit

reafon the more accurate de' nítive of Ihe two. They

difFer likewife in Ihis rerpe,q, thal as theanicle Aferves onl y

feparate ooe panicul.r objeél from Ihe general e1afs 10

which it be/ongs. il cannot

applied tO plurals. BUl

as Ihe aniele TH·E ferves

define objeéls, or 'refer to

them as already knowo. without rdalion 10 number, or

aoy Dlher circumllancts, il is applícable 10 bOlh num;m

indifcrimiomly, as wdl as nouos of f:Very

gtndtr,

wilh·

Out fuffering any fon of change; for il i5 eVldenl, Ihal no

,ariálioo of the nalure of Ihe noun can make any dl1Te·

reace ia Ihofe words which ferve to define or denote

cemin reference 10 Ihem.

Ihal allhough we 60d

fome modero languages which adroit of

varialion of

Ih:ir aniele, which rtlatt:S 10 Ihe gendcr

Ihe nouo

with'which it is alfoeimd, yet \his canool be confiJered

~OL .

11. N° 57.

11.

as drenlial

this fpeei., of words : 2nd 'fa 'rar i6 Ihit

J'rom being an inlprol'emenl 10 Ihe Idngl"IAe, Il,al it onl.1

fe rves 10 paplex dnd confur., as il d""ys p,cftms a par–

'Iiculdr idea of fex, where in marry calLs ·¡[ is nOI io Ihe

lean neCerrdry.

Of alllhe pans of rpeech which may·be cor,r.dcred

err<lni.1 10 language,

\he~c i~

nooe in which we find fa

many languagcs Jtf.élivt as in Ihis. For we know of

Idnguage, except our own, \Vhich has 'Ihe panicular

~rlld~

A; and the LalÍn langcage has no word

the r,me impon wilh Ihe \Voru TH E. The reafon or

which d, fieiency is, Ihal as olher paTlS of fpeech may

be fo ..my convtncd f,om Iheir original meaning. and

be made 10 arrume Ihe charaller of dtfinilives, they hal'e

made fume of there p,rformbOlh of there ufliccs; ane

as the ardele

only

fep~rales

a panicular objcél, and

ís therefore f" nearly a!lied 10 a

nUl/leral,

many bagua.

ges, as Ihe

f""Ch,

/Jaliall. Sp"lJifb,

and

G"I/Ian,

have

m~de

Ihe numeral ward ONE fupply il! oflice, while o–

Ihers, as Ihe Greek, have denolCd Ihis panicular obj<ét

by a mere negalion of the OIher aniele ; ar.d as the aro

tiele

'T!fE

agrecs wjth pronouns in IhlS refpeél, Ihal they

bOlb

dmol! rifertnCt,

lhe Latios made thei r

pronou~,

by a forced periphrar.s, rapply Ihe place of Ihis. BUl

all of Ihefe mechods of fuppl iing Ihe IVdO! of lhe geou–

ine anicle are defeélive, as will appear more panicular.

Iy by and by,

As anieles are by theír nawre'definitim, it follows of

courfe, Ihat they canilOl be uniled with ruch words as are

io their owo nature

al ¡j,!nil' al Ih')'

lila}

be;

nor wilh

fuch words which,

hting indc¡nile.

ca,m~1

prop"" he

m"d. OlhtrWif.

;

bUI only wilh thofe words

which. Iho'

inlfrpnil" aft J.I cap"hle. lf.rGugh Ihe arlicfe, o( huo.

mil/g d1pnil(.

fIence we fee Ihe reafon Ivhy it is abfurd

10 fay THE

or THE THOU , becaufe nOlhing can make

!hefe plonouns more

depn/lt

lhan Ihey are ; and Ihe

f~me

may be faid of proper names. Ncilher can we ray TH E

80TH, becaufe Ihtrf\ words are

in Ihtir

~Wll

nalu"e

each of thtmperfeélly defined. Thus, if il be raid. "

havt read BOTH pOClS," this pl¿lOly indicms

a d,p'Jil.

pair,

of whom fome mention has been made ¡Iready. On

the contrary, if it befaid,

" l

have read TWO po: ts,"

lhis may mean

anJ pair

OUI of a!llhal ever exill"d. And

heoce lhis numeral, being in this (enfe

ind.f.'nil•.

(as rn.

decdare all others as well as ilfelf,) is foreed

lo afullle

Ih~

arlicl.

whenever il would become

dif.1Iil..

!lence alfo

it is, Ih. l as TWO, ,lIhen laken alone, has refercnce

fome

pril/la~,·

and

illdepnil'

perceplÍon, while Ihe aniele

TH Ehas refereoce to fome perceplion

ftcondarJ

and

d,"

¡nilt,

il is baJ IJnguage 10 fay TWO THE

~tEN,

as this

IVould be

h!mtlillK of incolllpalih/",

IhJI is 'la fay, of

d.¡intd fubjlanlive

wilh an

rtndtfilltd a/lriblll:w.

Ihe cI10!l'ary, 10 f:lo/ '!10TH TH6

MEN ,

js goo./ and al·

lowable ; becaufethe rubllaolive C,lonOI pollibly b: lefs

apl, by being d:6ned,

ca Icfec \Vil h al1 allribu,ive

'vhich is ddined as well as ilrelr. So likcl\'i fe it is eor.

reéllofay. THE TWr¡

rolEN;

bec~ure

here th<aniele, be·

ing placed al Ihe begjnniog,

" 'Imdl

il'

/'01/)cr

as wd

througl(fubfl.nlive as ·attr ibullve, and cqually Icnds 10

dtjnt

Ihc", bo,h.

As rome of the 1V0rdl above adOlit

of 00

a:úce,

¿•.

."II~r¡.