1000000030

739

high m'untuill,

&c.

'OIV Cume of lbefe qe,r.:ities

ano

qu.litics are capable of

il/l,nji'l/

lnJ

rmllJ/i,'/.

Thus

f;ty,

garmen(

EXCEfOlS"I. Y

1uM"J

lII"Imt"i1

'rOLERHLY or MOD EkATELY

hgb.

Hcnce, then, one

copious f9urce 01'

f~condary

attnbuti.cs

, or adverbs, to

denote theCe tIVO, lhat is,

WI.rji,,,

and

"""iffian:

Cuch

as,

greo''', v'¡¡Ij, ellftmtlj', fujJid enl". lIJodera/ely,

10lmJblj, ind¡ffmnlly. $cc.

tflftri~ultJ:

·¡hey are 'heterogeneous with rerpeél to OOUO$,

I'l

.,uer.

propu" dWOling /uhjlanw .

Ber.des origioal

adj~'liv~s,

there is anotiler claC, which

are fortmd from Cubflantives. Tllus when lVe fay,

Ihep3rl,

ofPom/,t'. IhtjlJle olCictrO, Ih, philolop'y.o{

Socr.ln;

iD lbeCe

caf~"

lhe

~arty,

Ihe fl yle, aod pililoCopby fpok.n

of, receive

a (hmp

aod charaél.r from tbe perCoos Ihey

reCpeél, aDd aélually

p~C,

ioto atcributives, and as fuclr

arrume tbe form of

4dj,{1ivu.

And hence IVe fay

Ih,

POlflt<ia. ¡arl)

Ihe CiarMi.n jI,I"

aod

lb, Socr.·

li, philofop"'.

lo like manner, for. trumpel of

bran,

we Cay,

a hrajen Ir,,"I/,el;

for a croWA of gold,

a gol.

¿en crrw".

&c. .Even pronomial Ccbflaotives

~dmit

Ihe

like mutarioo;

as,

ionead of Caying the book

01 Ine. _1

If",

ol"i1ll.

we fa

book,

Ih)

book,

hiJ

book.

6 c.

Yet it·mua be aekoowledged. that theCe, as tbey often

Jer.e ramer tO .defioe a aOun than to deoote any qua lity

appertaiDing it, tbey partake ¡nore of me oature of

'l/rlie/u

IhAD

adjdliW/:

fo tbat it il in many caCes dif-

6cult to .Ccenain exaélly to whicb claC. they

a.re

to be

~cferred.

But of this we ha.e already tueo particular

Dotice,

P. ·713.

col.

716.

col.

The nature of

tbeC~

, ariations of adjeélives which bave

been callee!

degrm 01e.",parijM.

will be JIIore properly

expWned uoder !he foUowiog Cedioo.

Seétion

Attribunves

01 the Second Order,

(nlkd

ADVERJI$.

As the attlibptives hitherto meotiooed deoote the

allri–

fo,u

jllhjluw.

fo tbere il an inferior claC, of Ibem

,.bich

dC11Me tbe

tll/r.ibultl

oolyof

allribu/(J.

ex·

plaio theCe by examplcs of either·kiod l when IVe fay,

• Cicero

and

PI!n,

were both of Ihem

eloquen/ : SI.,iuI

~od

"irgil

botb of mem

wrole;"

in theCe iollaocea,

lhe

amibotes

el'fllen!

aod

'lJJrole,

.re immediatcly referable

lo the Cubllantive,

Cieuo, Virgil.

&c. : As, therefore, de–

'IlotÍDg

the

a'lri~ultl

ofjubjlonc<I,

we call mem ATTU.

IUTtVES

THE FtRST OII)Gl. But wbeo Ylefay.;

••

Plin)

was

moderale"

e1oqueot, but

Ciaro excerdiflgly

eloqueot;

SI. liul

wrote

indiff,renll;>•

buI

Virgil

wrote

.álllirahl)

in t.hefe iollances. theamibuti...

IIIod"ale-

1).

exmding". indifferenl".

~od

a411Iir.b",

not

referable to

jubjl,mlivu.

but 10

clher ol/rihulu;

that

il. to Ibe words

eloque'"

and

'lJJrol.,

A.,

therefore;

de·

notldg

41rihul0

allrihutu,

we call

Ih~m

",TU I'

IUTtVES OF TH[ HcoHn ORDEI. TheCe·/jave beeo,

by grammariaos•. called

ADYHlIl .

And indeed. if we

Ilke the word

io its mofl comprehenGve Geníficór

tion. as ioeluding all the words wbich d,oote the

ollri·

'bu'u

jllhjlanm.

(which was the CenCe in which

A·

rinode and maAy of the mon ancient grammari.n. cm–

ployed it) we {hall find the name ADVElB tO be a ycry

jbn appeílation, a, deooling a

'Pu'

01fpuch ,he n.l¡¡ral

"ppendog, 01 tJerhl.

So grut i. tili, dependence in

grammatical Cyntax, that an

aáver6

can

no more ful,fill

",ithout itl

tJerb.

than.a

verb

caD cuoúa witoout

i t~

Jub·

jlilnliv•.

Among thc a!tributes of Cubllanccs

~re

reckoned quao

t1itiu aod qualities. 'Dws we

Cay,

a w1i/t

llmnWI•.

But where there are d¡(ferent iotenfions of IheCame at–

tribute, they may be

eomporul

tOgether: thus. il the

garment A be EKCEED ISG LT

'lJJhile,

aod toe

e~rmeOl

be 1Il0l)ERATELY

'Whil"

we may fay, the garment

1>1 0

'lJJhiJe

tban the garment B. In thefe ionances,

the adverb MO RE not only

denot~l .intenGoo,

bUI

relalioe

inlenJ;'n.

Nay, we llop not here. as IVe not oolv de:

note inteofion

nu,," re/aliv"

but

"latit'C i,¡/enjion'-,han

'Which Ihe" il none grroler.

Thus we OOt only

Cay.

tbe

mouvlain

high Ihan Ihe m.unlain

bu¡

that

Ihe

MOST

high 01

all

m.un

,ainl.

·E.en

V(rDI

propcr/y

called. as they admit

ofjim,le intenjiM/,

Ihey admit alCo of thefe

comparaliu"ntl.

Thus, io the

fallowiog example,

Fame he

LOVETH MO

Ihan ri,hu,

bul virlue of aJl Ihingl he

LOVETH MOS'f; the words

MORE and MOST deoote tbe different

eo"'par.,iueinlen.

jiom

of.the verbal attribute

lov" h.

Hence the rife of

C~MPARI$OH

of adjeaives, aod

its different

á'grw,

which cannot well be more than ,he

(wo Cprcies

above-mention~:

ooe to denote

fin/pie

ex.

"ji,

and ooe to denote

juperl.,ive.

\Vere we in–

deed to introduce more degre·s th.o theCe.

\Ve

ought

pcrhaps 10 introduce

injini",

which

ahlurd. For why

Gop at

Iimilcd number, wheo in all Cubjeas CuCceptibJe

of ¡oteoGoo tbe intermediate excell'es are in a manner

i06nile

Tbere are

iofiQil~

cjegr-.es

more 'lJJhiJe,

be•

lween the

jirjJjimple 'lJJhi'e,

and toe

Cop~rlative

'lJJhilejl ·

aod the fame may be Caid pf

more

great,

"'.re

flrong:

rJl'"

mipute, &.c. Tbe do(trioe of grammariaos about

'!.ree Cueh degrees

compariCon, which they call Ibe

poji/i,'(,

the

cOnJ/!4Ta/ive.

and the

ju'erloliue,

moa bc

abfurd; both becauCe io their pofiti ve there is 00 corn–

Ea,ifpn al all. and becaufe their fuperlalive is a compa–

{ative a. much as their comparative itCelf. Examples

to evince this may be met II/ith every where;

Sacraltl

,",al Ihe

MOST

WISE

o{o/l Ih, Alh,niam; HOnJt''lJJol

(he

~OST

SUBLIME

of a/l po,ll,

&c.

T he authors of Jangoage ha.e io Comeinllaoces con.

«ived.• w. y to rotrench thefe comparative adverbs, by

c.xprelling their force by an infidlioo of the primary at–

rributi.e. Thus, inlleJd of

more

[air,

~ley

fay, FA

r~.

EA;

in(!ead of

moji

f~ir,

fAtHST : and lhe fame me–

thod of compofition

tak.es

place both in the

Gr<!~k

and

Latin laoguage. ; with lbis difTerrnce hOlVevcr betwecn

Ihe genius of thefe Jaoguages and

o~rs,

that we are at

liberty,10 fprm toe comp"iCon,

eit~er

in lhe one method

or tho otber : but in IheCt languages. the compuiCon i.

almo{!

ne.er

formed by tbe

alli(lAnc~

of the adverb, but

aJ ...·ays by the infidlion of t)le .djeélive: 20d hence this

infl~(tion

is alw. ys coolidmd by Ihem as a necell'ary ac.

c;dent of toc adjeélil'e. BUI this method of

exprellin~

me powcr of lhe

a~wb

has reached uO (,¡1ther Ihan to

.djeélim ,