1000000030

cal/fo

I~<)'

M e

hy IJJI,II'f al d,jillile al TIIay be

;

there

are olhers wilich

~dmil

il nOI ,

buaul' Ihq are

n~1

be d,·

jiJldal a//.

Of Ihis Con areall lsTERRoGAT lvEs . Ir

queflion abouI fublbnces, we

c~nnol

Cay TH 6 \VHO

JS ¡:HIS; bUIWHO IS TIIIS?

Andt'

lef.mc

~sloqlla.

lilia,

alld both kinns of

qllolJl j¡iu

for we

C~y,

with·

out 3n articlC', WHAT SORT OF, HOW MANY, HOW

GREAT? Thc

re~fon

is, the aniele THE re(pcas beings

already Rnown,

and interrogalives refpea beings

aboul

which we are iglM,.ar.l;

loras

whal we know, inlerroga–

lion is Cuperfluous. In a word, Ihe

nall/rol afficialor¡ wilh

ar/ie/a

areALLTHOSE COMMOS APPEL LATI VES WH ICH

DENO TETH E SEVERAL GENERA ANO SPEC IES OF BE–

INGS.

is Ihefe, which, by alfuming a differenl arti·

cle, ferve eilher lO explaio an individual upon its 6rfl be–

ingperceived, Or elfe

IOdicale, upon ils returo, a recog'

nition or repeated knowledge.

But although propcr names do nOI admit of the mi·

ele, bcing in Iheir own nalure

d'finil';

yet as IheCeafIen

{al! into

hOl/lon)'lJlie,

thal is, differen•. perrons afIen go

by tbe (ame oame, it is nccdrary to diflinguilh Ihefe from

ooe anolher, to prevent lile ambiguity Ihat this would

occafioo. For Ihis purpoCe \Ve are obliged

have re·

eourCe

adj,{/ivu

,pilhell .

For example, there

\Vere IWO

Gruian ehitji

who bore the name of

Aja. ;

and was it not without rea(on Ihat

Il1l/ejlh"u

uCes

epi–

IluIJ,

when bis inlenlion was

dillinguifll Ihe one from

the other: " If bOlh

Ajam

caonol be Cpared, (rays he)

" al

le~ll

let mighlY

rda11loniafl Aja"

come." BUI as e–

pilhels

in thei r own nalure perrealy

ind'jinil',

feeiog

Ihe fame adjeaive may be applied

infinile Cubjeas, il is

necelfary

definetheCe whenwe waot

apply Ihem

any

panicular objeé!; fo Ihal il is necel1'ary

endo\V IheCe

",ith an aniele, Ihat Ihey may have a

rifertnce lo foil/e

fillele /'''1011 on/y.

And Ihus il is \Ve Cay,

r rypho

TH E

gra11l11larian, App.kdorul

'fHE

Cyrenian,

&c.

wilh reaCon, Iherefore, Iballhe aniele is here alCo added,

ai il bringl rhe adj ,{/ive lo an il/dividualily al

pmifo

al Ihe prop" nam,.

Even common appeJlalives, by Ihe

Jlt lp of an aniele, come

have Ihe force of proper

names, withoul Ihe allifiance of any epilhel whmver.

Thus, in Englilh,

dly

is a name common

many places,

and

¡p,a(u

a name common to many men. Yel if we

prefix Ihe anicle, THE CITY mfal<S our mmopolis; aod

the TH

SPEAKER, a high ofiicer in Ihe Brililh par–

liament. And henee, by an eafy Iranfilion, the anicle,

fromoenoting

rd erma,

comes

denole

eminenee

alCo;

that is to Cay, (romimplYlOgan

ordinarJ

pre.acquainlance,

p.eCume

kind oF

general ond ulliverfol "'1" ieIY.

Thus, aOlong .he Greeks, THE POET meanl

H~1IIer,

and THE

ST~GYRIT!

meant

Arifh tle;

not bUI Ihat

Ihere Were many poets befide

Homer,

and maoy

jlag;–

r¡W

befides

Arijl.II"

bUI none equally illullrious.

The anicles already menlioned are thofe llrié!ly fo

called;

bUl,

befides Ihefe, Ihe.e are Ibe PRONOM I

ARTI CLES, fueh as

IhiJ,

I~a/,

an" fom" a//, olher,

mne,

&c. Of Ihefe we have already Cpoken inIhe chap–

ler upon prooouns, where we have Ihewn when Ihey m.y

be taken as pronouns, aod when as anieles. Yel, in

lrulb, if Ih:

ai:r.c~

of a3 miele b tO

d,,~n(

and

af u .

I~ill,

they are mnch more flrialy m ieles Ihan any thin,

elle,

~nd

oughl 10 be

confid~red

as fuch in uni'e.C¡¡J

grAmmrtr. Thus, when IVe Cay, .. THIl pié!ure

ap'

rrove, bUI THAT

olllike ;" wlldl do IVe perform by Ihe

hclp

Ihefe o.filllllVes, bUI bring down Ihe commoo ap.

pdldll vcs

denole individuals? So when we (ay,

men are virtuous,

bUl AL L

men are mortal ."

whal is the nalural el1'd l of Ihis ALL and SOME, hUI;o

defin~ I~al u/~iverlnlily

and

/,arlie/llaril)

which would

remalO IOdcfinue were IVe

lake Ihem away? The

I~lne

is eVldenl in Cuch fen lences

there:

"50>1

ECubnances

have Cen(. tion, OTHERS wanl it; chooCe ANY way uf

aaing, and lOME men \ViII find (,Iull,

6e."

For here,

SOME, OTHER, and ASY, (erve alJ of Ihem to

d1ne

different pans of a given \Vhole; SOME,

denole

ti,.

Inileparl ;

ANY, to denole an

ind'finil' ;

Rnd OTH

El,

denole the

remainillg pdrl,

\Vhen a par\

h~s

becn al–

readyal1'umed. Even Ihe attribuli'e pronouns,

/IIy,

InJ,

hiJ, h;"I,

&c. are, in flnaneCs, more properly miel.,

Ihan ahy Ihing clCe, feeing eaeh of Ihem fme only

deline a?d afcenain Ihe individual objeé!

whidl they

are applted. As when we fay, " MYhouCe is le(s como

modiuus than YOU

R'S;

forOl is more elegan! Ihan

HIl,

&c."

For in theCe examples whal do Ihe words

MY and YOU, 'Sdo, bu! a(cenain IWO inJiviJual

houlul

or Ihe words HISand

HU'S,

but arcenain two indivi.

dual

fornu,

whlch are campared wilh one anolher ?

the fame manner we have already feeo nouns fome limel

lay aGde their o\Vn proper charaé!tr, and become defini–

tives, as iD Ihe words .'\LEXANDER'S,

CitSAR'S ,

PO~11

PEY'S,

&t.

whicb may be raid

form fo many NOM'H

ARTI CLES. Bu! of Ihefe \Ve have fpoken

fully inlhe

chapler of nouns, Ibal it is

unnecel1'~ry

fay more

them in Ihis place.

Befare \Ve Jeave Ihis fubjeé!, we Ih¿JI produce ooe ex–

ample

lhe\V Ihe uliJily of this fpecies of words; which¡

altbough of Ihemfelves infignificao t, and Ceemiogly of

Cmall importante; yel, when properly applied, ferve ID

make a fe"" general lerms be fufli cient for Ihe accume

exprellion of agreat variely of pArticulars, and Ihus

m~kes

language capable of exprelling Ibings

inJinite,

wilhout

waodering into infinilude iICel f.--To explain Ihis, let

Ihe general telm be MAN, which

have occafioo tOem·

play for Ihe deooling of fome particular.

Lel

il be re·

quired

expreCs Ihis particular, as

unkn:'lJln;

fay, ,

lIIan :-KnO'Uln;

fay, TH

m3D :-D,jl/ite;

eH–

TA. N

man :-Indcfinll' ;

ANY

man :-P"/tnl and nrnr ;

THII

mall :-Pre/enla~ddiflanl;

THAT

JIIln :-Lile

liü lO fome o/her ;

sueH

a 1/lan :-Dljfertl// from fo'"'

o/hu

ANOT

HER

1/Ion :-An ind'jinile mullilud,;

MA'

''''1/ :- A definil' n/Ullil.d, ;

ATHOUSUD

,,/(1/ :–

r he

MCI

o( a I/Iultilud"

10('"

Ihroughoul;

In"" :

-rh, fa1lle Ol/U, lal,n wilh diflin{lIon ;

iA CH

IIlal/ :

-ra(en ill order;

r¡RST

man,

SECOSO

m.",

&c.-

'{he

wh.le

1I/11ltilud, of parlm,!afJ /a((1/ (.lIdllve/¡;

ALL

lIun

:- '{h,

mg_liMofIhnl lllullilllde ;

lHdn :–

l/IImb" of porli(ular¡ pr,(epl, alld al fom, diflal/"

THESE

111m

:-AI aCrta/er diflallu, oro/'/'oftdID<Ih,,,;

THOSE

Illtn

:-A

nUI//4trpreftnl andluar ;

TH [SE

Intn :

- /1

nUlllbu of indiviJuah d1fm l/l from anClé:r

m/l1'

~er¡