1000000030

G R A

on the

'nrlt~:;c3n

plan; but when the Coths, and o·

ther north<rn nations, dellroye I the Roman empire,

"nd extended their conquefls·into far dillant countries,

they ellabloflted, where·ever they came, a mixed forOl

of governmeot. The prefervatlon oí this conmtution

depeodiog upon the balance b:tween the

I.IOg.

nobility,

and

peopl~,

the

legin~tive

power was lodged in thefe

tl¡ree llates, C'dlled by difrerent names io dilferent

eountries ; in the north, diets ; in Spain. COrtes; io

Fraocc, eflms; ' aod in Britain, parliameots. Tbe

txdlcncy of this mixed goveromeot, confilts in tbat

due poife or baldnce between rule and fubjeáion, fo

juOly obferved io it, lhat by the neeelfary concurrence

of the oobility and eommoos,. in making and rcpealing

.11

laws, il has the main advantage of ao arifloeraey,

and a democracy, and yet is free from the diradvanta·

ges and evils of either of them. This mixed form of

government is, however, now driven almon OUt of Eu–

rope, in fome ,parts of whieh we can hatdly find the

lIta.dow of liberty left, and in many there is no more

than the oame

or.it

remaioing. Fraoee, Spain, Ponu–

gal, Denmark, aod pan of Cermany, were all, an

age or t\Vo ago, limited monarchies, goveroed by prin–

ces, well advired by parliaments Or courts, and not by

the abfolute will of ooe mano

But oow

a:1I

their va–

illable righ\s and Iibenies are fwallowed up by the ar–

bitrary power of-lheir prioees: whilfl we in greal Bri–

tain have

f1ill

happily prererved tbis noble and aoeient

Cothieconflitutioo, whieh all our neighbours once eo–

joyed. There is fueh a due balance of propeny. power,

aod domioioo in our conflitutioo. that, like tbe aneient

goveroment of Sparta, it may be ealled an empire of

laws, and bot of men : being the .mofl exee!lent plan of

limited monarehy in the world.

Goveroments are commonly-tHvided ioto two clalfes,

2rbitrary aod free governments

but there are many

dilfered forlS of eaeh. Thus the governments of

France and Spain' are generaly eaHed arbitrary; tho'

they differ as much from the gOl'ernments of Turky

and other eallero empires, where abfolute difpoticifm

prevails, as

they.do

from the government of England,

and olher European nations, where !ibeny is

f.id

fio~rillt

in its fullefl perfeélion.

C10VERN MEN'T is alio a po{l or office whieh gives a pero

foo the power or right to ;govern or rule over a

pl.ce

a· city, or province, ·either .fupremely or by deputa.

tion.

C10VERMM'ENT is alfo ufed for the eity, eountry, or

place to which the power of governing , is extended.

GOURD; in botany. See CUC.UltBI1'A.

GOUT, in medicine. See MEDI CINE.

GRABOW, or GRUBOW, a town of LOlVer Saxony

andduchy ofMeckleoburg: E.long,

11°

36',

N.la

s3"

2'.

GiRACE, among divines, is taken, 1

fI;

For the free love

and favour of Cod, which..is the fprang and fouree of

all the bent6ts which IVe receive fróm him. 2dly, For

the work of the fpirit, renelVing the foul afrer theimage

I>f.Cod, and eontinuaJly.guiding .and ílrengthening the

G R A

believcr to obe)' his lI'ill, to reGil and mortify fin, and

to overcome it.

CUCE, in .geográpny, a city of Provence, in Franee,

fifleen miles fouth ·wefl of Niee:

long.

6° 50',

lat.

4:;° 40'.

Atl

eE, the appellalion

~iven

10 the aél of par–

liament 1696,

32. whlch allows prifoners for

civil debls to

fet at liberty, upon making oatb, tbat

they

hav~

not wherewithal 10 Cupport themfelves in

prjfon, unlefs lhey are alimented by the erediton upon

whofe diligences they were imprifoned,. witbin 'ten

days a.ter inlÍmatÍon mJde for that purpofe.

Seoc

Scon LAIV, tit.

32.

Da)'!

CRACE, tbree days immediately foJlowing

the term of payment of a bill, within which the ere–

ditor mufl

~rotefl

it, if paymeot is not oblaioed, io

ord:r .lo intitle him to recourfe '¡gainíl the<drawer.

See SeonLAIV, tit.21 .

Cuef is alfo a title of dignity given to dukes, arehbl–

/bops, aod iD Cermany to bdrons and other inferior

prinees.

CueEs, in heathen mythology, three goddelfe,;. whofe

names were Aglia, Thalia, and Euphrofyne; tbat is,

/biniog,

~ourillting,

andogay; or, according to fome

aUlhors, Pafithae, Euphrofyne, and A:giale. Some

make them the daughters of

Jupite~,

aod Eurynome,

or Eunomia, the. daughter of Oceanus

bUI tbe mo(l

eommon opinion is, that they IVere the daucbters

Bacchus and Venus.

They are fometimes reprcfented drelfed, but more

frequently naked; to lItew, perhap', that \Vhatever

[S.

truly graceful, is fo in itfelf, witbout the aid of 'ex,–

t.erior omaments. They preuded over mUlnal kind–

nefs and acknowledgment; bellowed. Jiberality, elo–

quence, aod wifdom, together with a gODd gr.ace, gai–

ety of difpoulion, and eaGnefs of manners.

CRACtl LA, in oroitbology, a genu! belooging to lhe

order of pielE. The bill is eonvex, eultrated, and

bare

at ¡he

poiot;

th~

tongue is not cloven, but

ís

flellty and lItarpillt; it,bas three toes before, and one be–

hind. There are eight fpecies, principally diflinguifli–

ed by their colour.

CRACULUS, in ornithology. Sie

CO~Yus .

CRADATlON, io general, the aCcendiog,!lep by fiel'>

or in.a regular and uniform manner.

CRAD~SKA,

a eity

Sclav9nia, Gtuated on the river

Save,

twe~ty. ~ve>tIllies

well of

Pofeg~. :

E. long,.180,

N. lat.

4S 33 ·

CRADUATE,. a perfon who has

laken.

a degree in

tb~

univerfity. See DEGREE.

CRAFT, or Gurr,.in gardening, a cion or lItoOt of

a tree inferted. . into · another, fo as to ruake it

yield fruit of. the fame .nature \Vith that of the tree

from whence tlu: grafl was token. SI!( CARDEN ING.

CRAIES. a markeHown .of Elfex, fituated 00 the ri,

ver Thames, fcv.eoteen miles eafl of Loodon,

CRAIN,.

.a1l

fons of corn, as wheat, barJey, om, rye,

&~.

See CORN,.WHEAT,

&c.

GR.'\MMAR.