1000000030

600 / 1042

F o u 626
nOlh pan; of Ihe mould 'b"inSor1, Ihey are joinrd
togclha h)' mC.lIls of Ih~ pins ; ami In pre"wI Ih, ir
Civin& w.'y, ~y re~fon of Ihe lll,hcJ 0I<l~1 paO.,,!:
Ihrough Ih, el i, f c)'lindrical c.n~I, Ihey .lfe fcr<w,J or
weogeJ up lil:e a kind of a prcls.
While Ihe moulds are Ihus preparing, Ihe melal is
fur,ug in a crucible of a /ize I''''ponionm \O thequan·
lily of metal intcndeJ 10 be c./I.
Wheo Ihe moulds are cuoltlh, Ihe frames are "n·
fere\VeJ,or un",cd~cd, and the ,,/1 "o:klakcnout of the
fand, which (;,nd is \VO'kco ove' ""lin fur other cailin~s .
l!OUNO ERY of jlal,,,¡. The ca/l~ng 01' II Hnes oerc.;ds
on the due prepa"tion of. the pit, the core, ,he wax,
Iheouter mould, theinfe.ior 10 mell ofl' ,he ,
aod Ihe upper to fufe the metal. T lle pil is a holeoug
io a dry place fomething dcep« Ihan Ihe intcnoed fi·
gure, and according lOthe prominenc~ of cem in
parlS thereor. The infiJe of Ihe pu os eommonly I:netl
with lIone, or briek; or when th. figure is very large,
Ihey fomelimes \Vork on Ihe ground, anJ raife a pro·
Fer fenee tOrefill Ihe impulfion of metal.
The inner "lould , or core, is a rude ma/s to whieh
is given Ihe intendcd a"i",de and comours. It is " iCed
on an iron grate, Ilrong enough \O Cullain il, and is
IIrengthened with:n by feveral bars of iron. It is ge·
nerally made either of potter's clay, mixed wilh hair,
and horfe dung; or of pl.ller of Paris mixed wilh
brick· d~lI. The ufe of the core is 10 fupport the
wax, the /hell and lelTen the weight uf Ihe m~tal.
T he iron bars and the eore ore taken OUI of Ihe bra/s
6gure through .an aperture lefl in It for Ihat purpofe,
\1hich is fuldered up aflerwards. lt is neeelTary to
Icave fome of the iron bars of the core, that eontribllte
to Ihe lIeadioefs of the projcéling part, within the
brafs fi gure.
TJle wax is a reprefen,ation of the in:endeo Hatue.
Jf it be a pieee of fculpture, the wax OlO"ld be all of
the feulptor's hand, who uCually forms il on the
COIe; IhOllgh it may be wrought feparately in eavities,
moulded on a model, anel aCterwards arranged on the
Tibs of iron over Ihe grate; r.lliog Ihe vacant fpaee in
the middle wilh I'quid pl.ller aod brick dun, whereby
lheinnel core is proportioned as the fculptor earries on
the wax.
When the lVax, which is Ihe intended thickneCs of
the meral, is /¡ni/hed, they 611 fmall waxen tubes pero
pendicular tOit from10p tO boltom, 10 ferve both as
can~ls for the conveyanc~ of the melal to all parts Ilf
rhe work ; and as ytnt·holes, to gi l'e PálTage tu Ih<
"ir, which would otherwi/e occafi on grm diforder,
wh,n Ihe hot metal came to encompafs 11.
The work being brought thus far, mull be cOI'ered
",jth its /hell, whieh is a kiod of o" er Ihe
wax, and whiclo b,ing of a Coft malter, e.r,ly rcceives
Ihe imprenion of every pan, whleh is ~fterwards como
munieated to Ihe metal upon its taking the plJce of the
wax, betwetn Ihe iliell and Ihc mOllld. The n .. Iter
of this Olller mould is variecl aeeordiDg as di/rerent
Iaycr! are applICd. The r.r/I is generally acomp"lition
of clay. , nd "Id ",I,ite clucibles well ¡;rllund . lId lirt·
ed, and 1I11xed u\, with wal~r, lO the conlillcnce of a
F O U
clllour fi t for p.inting : acrordillgly the, aprly it W¡tB
a pellct!. I.yin~ il b 'en or eighl limes over , a"d ler.
tfng It Jry ¡'"Wten wh,les. f or Ihe Cecond impreili.
Oll, they Acld horCe Jun¡:. and natural onh ro Ihe
furnll r colIIl'0fi¡;lln. '1he tlúJ imprdTlIln is only
hur/,:· dun;; "nJ eMlh. Laflly, Ihe OlelI os hllír..ed by
: 011 k v, ral mnre illlprl lr.ons of Ihis 1.i1 lOalIer,
n",le very Ihlá Wil l! Ihe rand .
The Ihd l, thus finilhed , i. fecu red by fe,m l iron
gim , hOllnd rOllnd it, ;.t about Ioalf • fuuI d.IlJnc.
1t 0fO « ch olher, and f,tlleneJ at the botle", \O rlte
gl:1tC lindel' Ihe /1 .111,,,, . nd Al tel' to a eilel. of iroll
whe.' e they .11 térouo."e.
It the Ihtne be /0 big that it would not be eafy to
move th't moulos IVi.h Idfety, Ihe)' mull be \Vroughl 00
th.. ¡'pot "here it is tU be Th.s i; perfurnted I\VO
IVI)'S: in the lilll, a /quare ho~~ os dllg under ~Iound,
mucll bigger th,," the mo"ld Iu be made Ihertin, and
il5 i"lide IfIl~d \Vilh \\ alls of free·llone, or hriek. At
the hotlom is tnade a hole uf the C,me nlalen. ls \\ith
a kind 01' furmce, h~vi"ó tlS apcnure outll'.rds: In
this is a lire made 10 dry the mould, . nd aflerwards
mel t the w~x. O~er this furnnee is placed Ihe ,
and tlpon this the mould, &c. formed as above.
Lal\ly, at one of thc edgrs of the fqwepit, is made
another lar~e furnace to O1dt the metal. In the olher
way, it is fufli~ient lO work the O1ould abofe grouod,
bUI with the Itke preC1.ltlion of a fu rnace andg,are un·
demeat h. WhenfiniOled, fuur are to be runa·
rounJ il, .nd by tite fiJe Ihmof a mani'e C~r
a melting·furnaee. f or Ihe rell, Ihe methoJ is tbe
fame in both. T he mould b,ing f:n;lb,d, and inclofd
as deferibcd, \Vhethcr ""der gro,'r.d or .~(,ve it, a
moder. te 6re is lighletl in Ihe litrnJc~ under il, aod
the whole coyered \Vith planks, that Ihe w.x ma)' m~!t
~ently down, and run Ollt at pipes contriY/d COI Ih,t
rurpore, at the foot of Ihe l:Jould, \\ hieh are .fler·
wareís cx•.:t ly cloCtd with <3nh, Co rOQn as Ihe II'JX
is earried olT. T his done, Ihe hQIe is filled up " :Ih
bricks thrown in at .'III, . nol Ihe (,re in Ihe turnace
atlgn!Cnted, tlll (ueh time as bodl lhe brieks and moulJ
beeonte red ho!. Afm Ihis, Ihe Gre b/ing extinguiOI.
ed, and eve, y Ihing ed d , they "ke out Ibe
bricks and fi ll up thó r plm with eanh moilleneJ. •no
a liltle beaten 10 the 101' 01' the moul,l. in arder tO
make it .he more linn alld lI~lJ)'. '1heCe rrcparatMy
meafures being du/y taken, da re Wl1d ns ncthlng hut
la ntd t Ihe metal ,nd run it ioto Ihe mould. 1 hlS
is the oOiee of Ihe furn;ce .b""e dd",bed, "hich is
commolll)' in the form of an OHn " ith tltree a·
pel tort<. one to pUt in the \VooJ. anlllher for a ,'ent,
. nd a IhirJ 10 run the mCI.1Ollt :1\. F, omIhis lall a·
pmllre, whieh is kepl ' en' c1oC~, "hele Ihe mm l i¡
in fuliu n, a1i:l.1I Itlbe is l3Id, whaeh)' the mdled me·
tal is conl'l'yed into a I."~,, (arlh"n balon, u' " Ihe
mOtlld, inlo Ihe hOlto01 Qf \1 h:ch all the b.&br'"lhcs
uf Ihe j"IS, or e.llls, "hiell ale tll con,, )' tl.e n"ldl
inlo ,di the p3rtS of the mutll,1. are iofCII,d.. .
ThcCe call s, M jm, are all lerminatcd ""h , , 'n,1
of I'lugs, Wllldl ate k"r" clok. Ihal, nron (1pe~tnl: Ihe
lurnaer, Ihe e ...fs, ".llIdl f,tllh cs ullt 111(h ,al:"""
IU.11