1000000030

Il T

( aule: Ihe

~ir

r.\Iluld be IVholc(ull\e, (lt!lt'rwi(, Iilo

fOil'

'Iinual fid:ncfs

lh~l

m1)' reil:n in li,eh a I'\"ce Ini,!1I I"e–

rt..'ot peorl!:

come

ólllJ

li\t:

¡t,

<l ml

lhe! g,lrJ ilull

\\'"uld

IInl UC111

eonJiti,)n 10 dcfend lhe",[elves

Ih('y ('II¡;11l

0111 : in OlOrt ,

~II

Ihe diO'ercnl eircllmlhnce5:Il lclld:nl:

¡'ud, an undW¡¡king 11t,,,dd be malurclyeonli,b éd, udule

r:l~,lm iun

lak~II

10 rortiry any pl.lee,

lI'hro a lilu:llion is pildled upon, the

ne~1 Ihin~

10¡,,:

eonf,dercJ is, lhe bignds of the lown and Ihe ",""ba of

ill ulIl"'orks. IVhieh mull abfolulcly J,'pcnd "I'on lhc

eoofeqllenee fu eh a place is of 10 a n:llioo; ir il is ooly

gCHd a pafs, or eotr:toct imo a counu y, il nced nOl be

lo IHge: but if il is 10 be a place cilher,10 pi omote or

10pl oldt lrade, il fhnuld ue Iarge ami eommodiuus: Ihe

IIml! Ihunld ue wide, 2nd lhe buildings regular and

eonl'cnieot: as, 10 whal regards Ihe forti fieatioo, its

eoollru~tit'n

O\OulJ depend On lhe n<ture uf lhe fitualion,

and Ihe oumher of lhe .work! on the funds or expetlce a

p"nre or a o' linn will be

~t ;

whieh howerer

otl~ht

be mording 10 Ihe uenefit ",iling from fueh a Fiare:

for, as fueh undertaking' are of very greal expen:e, ?n

engineer eanr,ol ue too fparing in his works; 00 lhe

eOOlrRry, the greatell crcooOnty Ol'uuld be ufed, bOlh io

"glld

Ihe oumber of IVorks, and 10 Iheir conll1ll8ion.

The body of Ihe place may have • revClemeolS quile up

to Ihe 10p, or ooly io part, and Ihe ren lurfed; bUl al

10 lhe oUtworks, Ihey fhoulJ have half rCVClelllcntS, or

Ihey may be made wilj¡ lurf ooly; as ueing 001Co oeceC·

C.ry

10 prevenl Ihe place from beiog CurpriCed, aod mar

D:verlhel,Cs make a good defeoce.

00 Plote

LXXXV.

fig. 2.

Ihe plan of ao oclagon,

ooe half of ",hich is fimilar and equal 10 lhe olher half;

bein~

fuppofed, Ihat Ihe filualioo would nOl admit of

fortificalioo quile regular; and Ihe exterior

fiJ~s

are

eaeh 180 10ire., aod Ihe works are eoollruéled aecording

lOOllr mClhod ; but beeaufe lhe fides AIl,

EF,

are

\Veaker Ihao Ihe ren, as)m b:en prol'ed before, IVe have

added tenaillel, redoubls io Ihe ravelios, and lunettes, 10

reoder Ihem o,",ly eqnal io Ilreoglh wilh lhe olhers ;

and if counler·guards wrre

,ma.ie

bcfore Ihe banions A

~od

Il, ir would effeéln.lly Ceeure Ihat frool. !onead

of luoems, aoy olher works m_y be made, as il m.y be

lhoughl con"eoienl aod aeeording 10 lhe oalure of Ihe

gro~nd .

il fhou ld be judged oeeerrary to add olher

OllllVorks lO Ihe rarelios aJl

r~und

the place, eare mua be

taken 10 add like",ife more lO Ihe frnots AR,

Er,

order 10 render Ihe advanlagcs and difadvaotages of ato

,"eking 00 either fide equa!.

CMjlruOion

0/1

irrfs ul.,

P'O((,

jiluoltd

on a

hill or

' OCR-

In Ihe eonflruélioAof Clleh

plaee~,

care rnllfl ue takeo

11m no oeighbouring hill eoo. naodsaoy pm of the works;

lh, 10"'0 Ihould alwaYl be bui ll on lbe highefl pm ; blll

if il fhould be IhollChl more coo,'cnieot 10 pldCe il luwer,

theo Ihe upper pm roull be fO rllfi<d IVitll a fon; lhe

filual ioo fhould be made level as oear as poflible, by re·

I!loving lhe eanh from lome plaees 10

fiII

IIp others ; and

ir it e.IIII',1",d i

¡,,;

Lld l,,1 "ilhOIl I rX'raorclinary t Y.'

l'u,t't'.

"'lJl

muf!

Itl<uh:

(111 d I':

Ili~llI':I

p.1I

(U;¡s'

t:unll".lnJ .III!

PllHll.~

dll' lowlr: lhe

WCll k$

ou~11l

lOoc–

CIP': all lile "PI'tr 1',,,'1ufIhe

11111,

bUl if il Ihould be 100

" " "Ii' e 10 he all IOcI<ofed, (r f0 i""gular "s not 10 he

tUII .:i:.'\1 \\ I;!Jf

li t

grc.u

inc~:;Hni(:n('c,

!lIt' !'fi rtS

wllich

(¡di

"''' ''OUl

111001.1

be fonilil'c1

\\'ilh lome del.lehcu wCoI ks,

all'¡ a Ú'fllOlllOleatioo IVIlh Ihe pl.lCe Ollln

¡,~

m.Je

tilher

abuve ur u:lder r.'"UIl". 'l1ele Ihuul<l u"

110

c:nity or

h"JlolV roaJ" ""hi ,, cdnoon-Iltot, f<JllOd ahOUl lhe "IRee,

IVh" e thecoemy lIIight be aLIc tO:tpprllacJl undcr eover;

If therc 1IIUllld hal'plo tu he a fpring, oear lite lor 01' tite

hill" il

010,,1.1

be ind0Jcd io lhe f'II1iliCdlion, or if

eaonol be dooe, byfome WOIk or olh,,; for lit", e is nt–

lhiog more neeclr,,,y, anJ ,,1the

Lr.le

time

breer

in fu,h

fil Udtions Ihan waler, fur II'hieh lealoo lhere edllnUl be

100

much c<re lakeo in prol'idlog il ; fl

VCl

al eill,ros

~rc

!Ir.!

nldde

r~cti\'e

lhe:

l:tln' WdtCr,

and

to prefa\'c

it;

lI'ells Ihould be d"g likelVi fe, lhough tl'cr fo Jeep, Ihe

w.mr

of whidl \Vd l f,rve for eunllnon lI :e.

l'lam bni'.' 00 hills or

l oe~s,

OloulJ nerer ue large,

for Ihm ,,(e 15 geom lly lOguarcl palres or iolm ioto a

eounlry, and are feldom ufeful in Irafljc, aod il is a dif.

fi eull maller lO prol'ide for a I. rge gurifon in lueh (,1"' –

alions, oeilher OlOulJ any

C"eh

place be bui'.' ",ilholl!

Come

I'cry

mal~rial reaf~ns;

bUI \lhen il is ahCululely

nteendry, greal eare aod

prec.u::o~s

Ihould be lakeo 10

reoder lhe works as perfea as lhe fiuldlioo lI'ill admil of,

aod al lhe fame lime 10 be as frugal io lhe expeoec as

poOible.

COl/jlrufliO/J'f irr'gu'or f orlifica/ionl, Jl llalld nea,

rio,r¡,

'"~U,

Ihrfeo.

As Ibe iOlenl of buildiog lhefe kinu of places is ehief–

Iy to facilitare aod ¡rrolelt trade, il is of mueh more im'

portance lhan aoy other kioJ, efpecially io mRr ilime

couotrics, wheretite principal Orcoglh aod pOll'er depends

00 it ; for IVhieh reafoo, we OlaUlreat of il more large.

If lhao aoy other p, rt .

The

n, 1

Il.ing to be confidered is their fi tuHioos

which oughl 10 be fueh as 10 arrord a

go~d

harbour fo;

ntipping, or a fa fe and eafy entr.nce io lIorm)' wealher ;

bUl as il is hardly pollible 10 fi od .oy, where Olips may

go io and lie

I~eure

\Vilh all wiods, eare fhou ld be la–

ho 10 make lhem f,lfe 10 eoter wilh Ihofe ",inels \Vhieh

are

ilion

tldngcrous: bUl il is nOl

fullic:c~t

lhal Ihe har–

hou r is fafe agdioll 1I0rmy \Ve:llher, Ihey fhould likewife

be 1'0 againn ao enemy, blllh by

I.mo

aod

wal~r;

for il

(1:'1, 0h'Fpens, Ihal OH!,S are

d~lI ro)'cd

IVhere il "'as

im~gined lhey IVere fecul e, whieh is of toO grw a coofe–

queoee nOl 10 be

prOl'ld~d

"g,inll; for whieh re, foo,

111m or oatteries mull bt b"ilt in lhe moll eoovrnieot

places, 10'

prevt~l

the enent)" s O,i!"

from (oollng 100

n~",

1'0 as lO be

~ble

tú

e, ooonade lhufe in dIe hubour

or Iling Olclls , mongll lhem: "nd if lhere is any

dan~e;

of Jn <oenty's apl'rodCh

[,y

land, high I. mpms nod eJi.

fiees muOue uuilt. fu as 10

COI""

rhclll.

\Vheo a ,iver i, prwy

I"ge,

and it is nOl coovenirol

• Rrvr:ttmt'ntR

~r('

hit

m~,1c

prn'l'lIt

place

(:(,m1.,

il1:'

(\Ir¡

¡r, tl ;

OUI\\'I,I':·:"

,!o no!

,"ant

re-

m:ule

(1',

lhe'

ta,iu

tllt m

l ~'

I'w'prif\.'

i.i

11(1

gl \.'l l

~OI&t¡Jlnr.:1.',

(')'l"lpl

.1 ..

r, \\

h\ lIllllll

( ;llItIUIl:.i ;1,(.'

u!cd

t.'

1'11

\"'111

JI .