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ed, Iheo ooe r,:lh (,: Ihe heighl wl,ieh is IUI L·.! mufI be
adJcJ 10 5f'CI, 10 ~CI Ihe Ihicknl{s uf Ihe w~1J .,hol'e.
AoJ h"'iog Ihe Ilticl:ocfs of "oy w,lJ aho'c, by 3d l·
iog one filllt (lf liS hlighl from Ihe uOl lom of Ih·! dil. h,
Ihe film ~.ilJ be Ibe Ihickoef, of Ihe IV,tll "' Ih, bOllonl ;
bUI if a hlh pm is ol~y l ,lten fo r Ih~ lI(Jre, Ihen • G,. lh
pm mufI ue adJcd.
For ioflanee, fuppofc a rampan of 30 feel high from
the uoltom of Ihe dileh, . nd Ihal 1001' whieh are 10 be
turfed ¡ Iheo Ihe fifl h plrl of 10, whieh is 1, .dded lo 5,
gires 7 for Ihc wall above ¡ and as Ihis wall is 20 feel
high, Ihc fi(lh of which is 4, "nd .¡ aJde,1tu Ihe Ihick·
nefs 7 above, gi ves 11 for Ihe Illickntfs ntar Ihe foun·
dalioo.
Plale LXXXV. fig . !. Reprefents, io military per·
¡peaive, Ihe profi!es of Ihe boJy of a pJ.lCe, Ihe m elio
and eoren·way: whieh gives a ele" idea of \Vhal i,
meaol by a pror,le, aod from whieh Ibofe of all olher
work, may be ..fily eoneeived .
SECT. n. O/ ¡rregular Fortifica/ion .
TH¡ mofl e(fenlial prioeirle in fortifiealioo, eonfifl, in
making alllhe froOls of a place equally i1rong, fo Ihal
Ihe enemy may fiod 00 adraolage io auaeking eilher of
Ihe fides ¡ Ihis can happeo no olherwif, bUI in a regular
fonifiealioo filualed io a plain or even ground ¡ bUI "
there are bUI feIV places whieh are 001 irregular, eilher io
Iheir work! or filualions, aod the oalure of Ihe ground
may be fuch as make, il .impraaieable to build Ihem re·
guiar, wilhout 100 great expenee ¡ il is fo mueh Ihe more
neee(fary 10 fhew in what eoofifls the IIreogth or weak–
nefs oC a town irregularly fOrlified, fo Ihal the weakefl
Fan may be made Itronger hy additiooal oUlworks¡ as
Jikewife if fuch a place is 10 be allaeked, 10 knolV whieh
is Ibe flroogefl or weakefl.
1. Conj/ru[jiw if an irrrgu/ar p/IIU j luald in nn
open c.unlr).
If Ihe place 10 be fonified is ao old lown ioelofed by a
wall or rampan, as il mofl frequently bappens, Ihe eo–
gineer is 10 eoofider IVell all Ihe differeol cireumflaoees
of the figure, fi lualioo, and oalure of Ihe ground, ro re–
gulate his plan aeeordiogly, fo as 10 avoid the difadvan–
tages, 2nd gaio all Ihe advaolages poffi ble ¡ he Olould
examioe, IVhelher by euttiog off fome partl of Ihe old
\Vall or rampart, and takiog io fome grouod, Ihe place
caonol be reJuCtd ioto a regular figure, or oearly fo ¡ for,
if Ihal caDbe dooe Wilhoul ioereafiog Ihe expenee confi ·
derably, il OlOuld by no means be omitted ¡ old 10IVOS
have oflen 10wcrs plaeed froOl dillanee 10 diflanee, as
Douay, Tournay, and many ollter pl..es, whieh are ge·
nerally madc ufe of, aod meoded wheo ir may be rlooe'¡
jf Ihele is a rampart ~'ilhoul ball,oos or lowm, il mtill
be IVel! eonfidered,' whclher baflioos may 001be added,
or if ir is 001bCller 10 makc only fome oUlworks ¡ if Ihe
dileh aboul Ihis Tdmpm is nOI rOO ",ide aod decp, il
would be ad,anta~eous 10 make dmehed uanioos, o–
therIVife ravelios . ml countergnards mull be cooll ruaed ¡
fpeeial eare mull be I¡keo, 10 aJl fides of Ihe poly.
oGn as ncarl y equal as po/lible, aoJ Ihat Ihe leoglh of
~I:e liocs of dcfen~e do nOI execcd Ihe reach of muO,cl'
e A T o N.
0101¡ hnl if Ih 11 eanool h: duo~, tI",fc fiJes which are
00 Ihe o"rolVdl pm 010111,1he ,he loogel\.
11 il Ihould l\Jpl'~o, Ihal fome uf tI,e fid" are ioaceef.
fi~llr (Ir of vay dlllir.1I 11 .pr,o.'dl. eilher 00 aceOLOI of
Illm~ p lcipic~, mulhy grnllod, or itluodatioo, Ihey may
be nM,Je much longer Ihao Ihe olhers, whieh ue of eafy
aceels, :I od (he i1, oks need nOI be fo I"ge as Ihe reil .
hy doing fo. l' ere ..di bc fome expeoees faved. whieh
nta'y be IIfed io making (hc olhcr fiJes Itronger byaJdiog
more oUllVolks.
Thac are feIV r,IU2Iioos, bUI whal are more aduma.
geous io ("me pans Ihan io others ; il is Ihercfore Ihe
b:Jfioe f., 01' .n encioeer 10 dllltoguiOl Ihem, aod 10 reo.
der Ihofe liJ.. IIroo~ by art, wh:ch are 001 fo by oa.
lure.
lf Ihe r.lOalioo is 10IV and IVatery, !ttoettes or leoail.
loos, and fueh olher f",.1I oUllVorks Ihould be eoollrullerl,
beeaule Ihey are 001 of aoy Cle,, ' " penee, and may
makc a Ycry good defenee ¡ bUI if ooe fide of Ihe p:ace
i, ooly low, aod runoiog waler is 10 be had, a fecoo'!
dileh and eoren·way Wlth luuems may be made, by ob–
ferviog, Ihal ir Ihe firll ~Iaeis is made 10 Oope, fo as 10
beeome eveo ",ilh Ihe leve! of Ihe waler io Ihe feeood
dileh ¡ or if Ihe waler can be fwe!led, by meaos Qf dy~e¡
or nuiees, fo as 10ol'oRolV II,e bell pan (,f Ihefidl glacis,
il Ihould be dooe ¡ for by fo doiog, Ihefe wOlks ,,,11 be
able 10m2ke a very good defeoce, fi oee Ihe befiegm will
fiod il a ditlicoll maller to lodge Ihemfelves upoo Ihis
glacis, whieh eaoool be done bUI wilhio a felY loi(es of
Ihe firfl coven ·w.y. where Ihe :ged are re,dy 10
reeei.e Ihem, and 10 deflloy Iheir l\'orks IVith great ,d·
v,olage ; whereas Ihe enemy eannol fupport Iheir work·
men bUI from Ihe feeood eo,'en·lVay, whieh is 100 fal
off 10 be of aoy greal ferviee 10 Ihem.
BUI if Ihe lilu. lioo is of a dry nalure, wilhoul aoy
waler aboul il, eapooiers OlOuld be made io Ihe great
diteh, from Ibe eunains 10 Ihe melin, and balleries
raifed in Ihe eotrance of Ihe dileh before Ihe ravelio,
whofe parapel 01"11 1I0pe o(f iOlo a glacis, fo as 10 2lford
no cover (or Ihe cncmy behiod Ihem ¡ arrolVS, ·aod dc–
taclted redoubls are likewife very proper 10 be ufed iD
fu eh a cafe, and fomelimes horo or crowo·work., if il
fhould be Ihoughl eonvroieOl ; bUI Ibele \Yorks OlOuld
never be eoollruéted, Wilhoul an abfolule neee/liIY. either
10 oeeupy , fpol of grouod whidl mighl be ad,'aolageous
10 Ihe eoemy, O( 10 eover fome gale ur enlrance iOlo Ibe
10WO, for Ihey are of fo greal expeoee, Ihal Iheirdefioee
(wns 00110 be anfwerable 10 il.
Mofl of Ihe rlaees in I'I.o¿m arc-fortified wilh horo·
IYorks, fueh as Ires, T ouroa)', Lille, and Olhm..
lf Ihe place 10 be fonificd is oelV, . od Ihe filO"'oo
will nOr .dmil o( a regular cooll ruétioo ¡ partieubr care
mufl be laken io ehufiog fueh a fpol of glouoJ as IS .mofl
ad••otageous, and i<allliaulc 10 ~o)' dlf.d,.nt'~cs, eIIhcr
i" Ihe buildiog Or in Ihe rnaiouioiog of il : al! 111115 cr
riling grouods Olould be a\'ollkd, whieh mighl cO,mmand
any pan of Ihe work! ¡ ntl&y grouoJ¡, bmu.e fueh
fin(alioos ace uowholefome ; 11( J.lkel and Il.loJing walm.
for Ihe f,me tlaliln, l'xeerlio~ a !J~e IS, or o¡ay be l1laJe
o.lvig.lble: ~ood walcr 010111,1 ue lud c~lher . \l'tlhin Ihe
pb:c or nw ' 11, ror Il IS ,luli,luld\ ucedhry lur I\JCO¡lO,!
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