1000000030

Fn ~ ~ t.t . \\'~'

.Ifo ufed (or.

rbc~

o( mllic,

anfllr,iog

lo ""' nwket

rl,,~ :

o( Ihefe tI'ere w<le vall nllm–

h~rs,

as {he

forum pifcl1riulII,

dilQriulIJ,

Ñ.c. Thde

l\t'c

~cncrllly

c.llr";ó,a

WII,'¡ta ,

in cO'IIrJ,hllin{\lOn

to the

(ornllr,

wlllch \Vcre caJled

fua (ittilia,

FORu>!, is .dlo oled.

"moo~

e,luills,

Óc.

lur jmifJilqi–

on; IhllS Ihey lay,

In ; ,ro

legil,

&c.

f OSS, or FOSSA , in . n.ltumy,

bnd

bon~,

wlth a

I~r~e

apenurt, bU! no

rati{ln.

of eal'ilY iD,

eX'1 or Pillo·

Foss

ro' o( Ihe four princi p.1higbw,l" 01 Eng–

I.nd,

Ihll ,neicntly I d throllgh Ihe klOg':OIll; fup.

po(e.! tObe

m.de

by the Romaos, h, vlIIg a dlteh upon

one C,de thereof.

f OSSI L, in nalur.:! hinMy. denoles, in genwl,

CI'~ry

Ihing dng oUI o( the

e~rth,

\Vhether Ihey be "aI"'es

ther~o(,

as met,ls, flones, f. lts, earrhs, aed olher

Olio<rO,!s ; or exmneous, repolilcd in Ihe bowels o(

the eanh by (ome exiraordlO'''y meaDS . See NAT O–

RAL HISTORY .

fOSSO~I I3RONE.

a eily and bilhop's fce o( ¡I,ly,

I~D

mdes foolK·eafl

Urbino.

f (JUMART, in loulogy.

Se~

MOST ELA.

f'OUN DATION, in arehile{\ure, is Ih' l ran of a

bu¡lding u'hieh is under ground. See Hu ¡

I' G.

The (ouodalioo is pruperly (., mueh

Ihe m,foory

as reaehee as high 's Ihe fur(aee of Ihe grouod, ' od

oughl .IIVays 10 be propNlioned

Ihe lo.d or weighl

Ihe buildiog Ihal il is 10 bear. Somelimts ,he fouo–

dalioo is maffive, .od eonlioued uoder the whole build–

ing, as io Ihe ,nlique arehes aod aquedu{\s, aod fome

amphilheatres; bUI il is more u(ually io fpaees or io–

Invals, eilher 10 aI'oid expeoee, or bec.ufe Ihe vaeui–

lies are al 100 greal a d,f1aoee, io IVhieh Iatler eafe

they make ufe

ioful'led pillars bouod IOgelher by

arehes_

Palladio allows. GXlh pan of Ihe heighl of Ihe

whole buildiog (or Ihe hollowiog or under- digging; uo–

lefs Ihm be eellm under groood, io whieh ea(e he

woulu have il fome\Vh>! 10\Ver; .od as 10 Ihickoefs,

double Ihe widlh o( Ihe w.1I is no bad ru"-

FOONDATI ON

01 D,idgtl,

js laid afler di/ferem maooers.

!he fi rn is by incloGng

.11

rOllod Ihe fpaee o( grouod

you would build upon, by dams made wilh piles fel

deep io ,he ground io double rolVS, \Vell IIreoglheoed

aod bouod logelher wilh erofs pitees aod cords, aod

filliog Ihe vaeaol fpaees belwceo Ihemwilh c1ldlk or

mher eanhy maller. T his beiog done, Ihe IV>ler mun

be emplicd OUI, aod Ihe fouodarioo dug aeeurding 10

Ihe qualily of Ihe grouod, Jrivmg down piles, if il

be oecel!'ary, upoo whieh Ihe IV.lls o( Ihe fOlloda,ioo

mun be laid. HUI Ihis melhod is only p,"a icahle in

buildiog 00 fu eh rivers, where Ihe Water is otilha I'e–

ry "pid. oor very deep. The feeood is uooe hy lay–

iog Ihe fouodalion 00 grale work, rafls of noul o.,k

well hound

lO~elh~r,

and m,de fan ar Ihe furfaee o(

Ihe Water wilh eahles or madlloes, and bllildiog uroo

Ihem

I",r,~

quarrrrs of lIone, e"ml'ed

Ine~,her,

, nd

jnioed \V'lh

goo,1

momr, or cunenl, .od a(lerw",I,

JCII:nr, Ihemdefeeod fJf'I¡'

dde

c"~I,"

anJ m.-

VOL. JI. No

chioes

perr~ncii:uJ"rly

10 Ihe hOllom of ,he walcr_

T his IV'S ¡he

o'~lhod

pra{\¡f,d 'o la¡·ir.c Ihe fouod>li·

00 uf \Vdlminl!er

Hnd~e.

Ihe gratiog being

m.de

Ihe bOllom o( , f"me ealled hy Ihe Frtncl, Cail!'oo,

Ihe lides

",hieh IVere fo conlmed, Ihal Ihey mighl

be !>ken oH, .(,cr

rltr

IVas

C,ni(hed. The Ih"d is

by dra\Viog ol!' all, or ,he grearell pm o( Ihe \Vater

o( ,he river iOlo fomeolher place.

FOUNDER, io a geoeral feofe, Ihe per(oo who

I,)~

a fouodarioo , or eodo\Vs • rhureh, feho(jl, rdigioo,–

hOllfe, or olher ehui!>ble inllillllioo.

FOU SDER alfo imrlies an .rtill IIho eans mmls, in

various (orms, (or dif!'crem "fes, as guns, Lell" n,,–

lues, prioliog eharallers, " odldlreks, bllckles,

oc.

\Vheoee Ihey are denomioated guo-(ouoders, bd l–

fOllnders, C,gure-founders, letter fuuode, s, (ounders uf

(m. 1I works,

oc.

Seo

t'OUNDERY .

FOU NDER, io Ihe fea laoguage: A nlip is faid lO (ouod,r.

wheoby aoeXlraordio"y Ie,k, orbya greal fea br.,k–

iog io upoo her, !he is lo Glltd \Vilh water, thal nre

caonol he freed of il ; fa Ihar !he can neilher veer oor

flm, bUI lie like a log; aod 001 beiog ,ble

fwim

long. \Vi II

1,11

C,ok.

f OUNDERY,

FOONDRY, Ihe ," o( eaniog all fOlls

o( metals intO dilfereo¡ (urms.

likewife C,goihtS Ihe

IVork-houfe or fmtlllng·hul \Vherein Ihe(e operarioos

are

performeq.

FOUNDER Y

fmall-",orkl, or cajling in

fo ndo

11c

faod IIfed (or eaniog fmall works, is, at firn, o( a prel

Iy fa(1, yellowilh, aod clammy oature: bUI il be–

iog oeeel!'ary 10 nrew ehareoal dun io Ihe mould , il .al

leoglh becomes o( , quile blaek eolour. T his faod il

worked ol'er aod orer, 00a board, wilh •

roll~r,

aod.

fOil o( knife; being plaeed over a Irough

receive il,

a(ler il is by Ihefe meaos fullieieotly preparcd.

This dooe, Ibey take a u'oodeo board of a leoglh

aod breadlh proponional 10 Ihe Ibiogs 10 be can, aod

pUlli og a ledge rouod il, Ihey fill il wilh faod , alillle

moineoed, 10 make il dul y eohere. T hen Ihey t>ke

eilher IVood or metal models o( what Ihey imeod 10

can, . od ,pply Ihem fa 10 Ihe mould, aod prefs IheOl

iOlo Ihe f,od , as 10 leave Ihei r imprcffioo Ihcre. Aloog

Ihe middJe of Ihe mould is "id h,l( a fOlall brafs ey –

Iroder, as Ihe ehie( cao,l (or Ihe metalla filO ¡hrough ,

when mehed, iOlo Ihe modds or p.rteros; , nd (roOl

lhis ehitf caoal are placed feveral olhm, whieh cXlcnd

10eaehmodel or pallero placed io

Ihefr.me

. Afler Ihis

f"me is Goi!hed, Ihey lake oul Ihe p,mros, by

C,rI~

loofeoiog Ihemall rouod, Ihal Ihe

f.od

may 001 gile

,"ay.

Theo Ihey proeeed 10 work Ihe olher

h.lf

of Ihe

mnu!J wilh Ihefame paneros in jull fueh ,oolher (raOle.

only Ih,1 il has pirs, uhicll,

enlerio~

iOlo hales

liJa{

eorrefpood 10 il io Ihe olher, make Ihe IIVO

eavili~s

Ihe pall ero(all cxatlly00 caeh olher.

The f" me IhllS mUlllueJ, is rarn,J

Ihe meller,

who, afler exrending Ihe rhief

c,lO,1

o( tI'e eOUOler–

P"',

aod adding Ihe erofs on,ds 10 Ihe fl'vcral modrl.

io ho,h, .nd IIrcw,og mill-dllll Mcr Ihlm, Jnes Ih.1II

io a

~ind

o( oven for ¡har pnrpofl'.

6 S

FOI ~