1000000030

o n

for makill¡; a

h~roonr

\\:thOlH ,,,'at expeoee, thc Olips

II" Ylide aluog the Ihorr, • hich, fuI' that

1'",1,,11,

1111111

he maje aredli!'lc fuI' Ihips of hurucn;

tllLS

OI,IY

done

:Hlvdn(in:~

the

qUJ)' lOtO

lhe,

r.i\'t',r

.i~

the

w,ucr

is tCOIhallo\\', or by uiggtng the mer InOlclently Jeep

ror ,ha, purpufe,

And 'o pl CI'CO' any

en~ml'

from comlOg ur ,he

",cr,

furtS mul! be hui lt onboth lides, efreci:tlly \Vhen Ihere are

any tnrnin¡;s or winJings, Antll'el'p is ""oha 1'1;,(e ; fol'

,t',e Schd,1 is i'uOiciently de"p tOc"' y

11111"

(lf r,lc:H oel'·

den, which mal' come 'I':ite r.ear the luwo

·w.lI

; ,nd

fel'<tll lortS are uuilt bclow it 00 bUlh fides, fotl"t it lI'ould

nOIbe ao cafy malter for ao eocm)'

comenI' the river.

Wheo the ri,'er is but fOlall , fo thal no Ihips of bur·

,deo can come t>'tough it ; it is fulúeient

make it I'lIn

through fome

01'

the works, where propcr I.odiog plJces

are cootrived, flOm \\ henee Ihe goods ,ouy be carried in·

to the place; as at S.rrelouis, wherc a horl1 'work is buiJ.:

he)'onu the Sme, in lhe gorgc of which lhe gooos are

hnded,

the brcadth of lhe river does not eKeeed

200

yards,

it comOlonl)' rarres through the middle of the town, and

proper quays are made on each fide; in fuch a cafe, Ihe

fortifiwion is fo contrived as that Ihe river-parres lhrough

the curtain, in order to h,re a ban,on on eaeh fide tg

defend the coming in and going out.

When

1>1.

V.uban fonilied near ri"ers, he made always

theexterior fi de nearthewater OIuchlongerthan an)' of lhe

~thers ;

fuch is Hunningen on the Rhine, and Sarrelouis

on lhe Sarre ; but for what reafon he fonir,eJ Ihefe pla.

ces in that manner, has not been tOld by any author.

But il is

pl.in,

thal the fides which terminate at

the river, Rre the weakcn ; becaufe the befiegers

mnches being fecured by ihe river, they mal' draw

mon of their troops off, and aél theref{)re wi tb

more vigour and nrength on the other fide: befides, as

the nrength of a fide increafes in proponion as the angle

of the polygon is greater, by makiog the fide neKt lhe

river longer, the angles at its extremities become ",ider,

and confequently lhe adjacent

fidL~

Oronger,

There are olher adl'an"ges, befides thefe mentioned

al, eady, which arife from the leogthening that fide ; for

if the river is prwy deep fo as not to be ford,ble, that

fiJe is oo! liable to

attacked; and by increafing its

length, lhe capacity of the place increafes lI1ueh OIore in

'proponion

lhe expence, th,tn if morefiJes were made ;

the ceotre

the place will be likewife nmer the river,

whichmakes it more conveniclII fllr tranfl'orting lhe goods

fromlhe water·fide

any part

the

10"'0.

O R

f ORTISSIMO, in mnfic, f"metimes dmoled h)' FFF,

(Ir.

fiJnilies

fing or play very 10\1(1or O,,'ng,

r ORT·LE\\'IS, a funrcfs of

Alf.ce

, io Gamany, fi.

tuaterl On the'\Vdlcro /hore of the Rhine, I"bjeé!

F"n(e: F .. loog 8°, ,nd N, 1. 1. 48 ° '11,',

¡:(J I(TLJNATE"

St.AND~,

in aocient geograph)', cen,in

iOanrls, coocerniog Ihe fi"':lIion of wllleh antllOrs ore

not agreed, f,IIIH,US (or the gt,ldcn aprles of lhe !lcf

j'UiOlS, SlC lI l( l'lK ll'lf,

A T

l'late

')i:\X

fi,:, 3, To

11!,,(~rat ~

II.,S Olcthocl

'Jf

VaIlG,r. ', Wl Ih,II,/:"'c the plan of II "nn,ngtn ; thi, I'"ce

I\':,~

hll.!t 101 tl,e I"kc of h,.,ng a blldCe Oler

tI"

J(IIIr,e,

ur ",hldl " ,trun he

m.dc

it ol1ly a pellldgon; the liJe

¡¡

nl'Xt

the I'I,el js

200

lUlfcs , and

c.ch

oJ tl.e

()o

thu :. l.u t

~0.

¡Ib"", ti,e fpace

ahe,

which lies before the fronl

AH,

is , "')"r'IV,II, and the p,'¡I'ges

x, x,

arc IltUl up wah

IIniees, to .rel,tin the w.tel' in lhe ditehes in dry rcafülIs,

,nd

rrel'ent an cnemy r,om dellroying the fl uie( ntar

thc I'(linl e, whereby lhe water wotud run out and bve

theditCh", dry; the redout y was butll in thc linl, iO,nd

h.,d by, in order

cover tnal Ouice ; without thlS pre.

c,,,"on lhe place might be infulted fromIhe ri",,·IIJe,

where Ihe \\'ater is Ih,tllow in ury bfons,

Thc hornlVotk

beyond lheRhine was built to cover

tite bridge; but as this work cannot be wdl defendld

crofs Ihe ri,ver, lhe hornwork H

WdS

m.de

to fup!,vrt Ihe

other.

Befu¡e we nni/h the defeription of tI,is plan, we c,ulJ

/hew how to hnd the long fide AB, as being uleful in Ihe

fotlowing work ,

After having infcribcd the two fides CE, GF, in a

circle,

araw

Ihe di.meter

CD,

foas

be equall)' dill,m

.fWOI

the line joining the point! E, F, that is parallel to

it; on this diameter{el off

100

toifes 00 each lide of the

Centfe, from there poinlS draw t\VO indefinite perpendieu.

lar!

me diameler ;

~!ten

if fwm Ihe points E, F, as

centres, til'O ares are defcribed Wilh a radius of

So toi·

fes, thei r interfeélions A and B, witn the f,id perpendi–

culars, will determine the long fide AB, as likewife tbe

-emer t\Vo FE ar,d EA, In like manner cuy be founa

the long or ,/hort fide of any poinonwhatfoel'er,

Whena place near a river is to be (ortilied, for the

r.fetyof eommeree, particular care OtQulo be ,laken iR

leal'ing a good fpace between the houfes and the

,Mer·

fide,

have a key or landing place for goods brotlght by

waler; it /hould airo be contrived to have proper pldCe"

ror /hips ,nd boats

lie fecure in Oormy weather,

and in time of a fiege ; and as water·carriage

is very

adl,~ntageous

for tranfporting goods from one

pi ,Ice to anolher, as likewife for bringing the neeef·

fary

OJAtcri.ls

, nOl only for budding the fortilieation, bUl

airo the

pl.ce

ilfelf, the expences will be Irffcned rnor.·

derably. whco Ihis convemence can be had ; fur whicb

r..lon, places OlOuld nCl'er be built any whm e1fe bUI

ncar ri,crs, lakes, or neAr the fea; exccpting iD eKIIa'

Ot olO"y cafes, whe(e it caODot be avoided.

F O R

The comman opinion is, that tlléy are Ihef,me \tith

the C,n" y il1,,".ls,

FOI\TUNE, a gnddefs 1V0rOtipped wi th great devoti"R

by the ancieol Greeks antl Ron"ns, u'hu hd'l'I'l',1 ha

to prefide Oter human afl',irs, anJ to J,¡lribul< 1Il'.'¡UI

and honollr

hu plc,ll'nre,

Fü IW~I,

ill ROllulI

,1Oti~lIitl',

a publie

nal\d ,r~

rl.h'c

wilhin

(hl'

l:ity

R!lmt' .

Whl'rl'

('.1U1~!'

\\'f'll'

jt~!'(I,dly

lltnl, ,Ind omiuIIs ddt\"lJ

th .. J" " plr.

FVJ\1