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E N G
·d,OOtht a uceonling a,e¡ of eharily to let then> have lhe
pubhe prayers of Ih. ehureh, at \Vhich they were ptr·
mimcllobc pr~fent. Scc EXORC ISM.
ENERGY, a tcrm01" Grcrk origin, lignii)'ing Ihe pOIV•
•r, virwc, or e/lieaey 01" a thillg. lt is allo ufeo, fi·
guratively, 10 denolc .mphafis oC fpeceh.
ENFILAOE. in the an 01' war, is u!td in fpeaking of
trenehes, or other places, \Vhieh may be (cou red by
the enemy's Ihot along lheir \Vhole lenglh. In con·
duéling Ihe approaehes at a fiege, eare mul! be taken
thal the trenches be not enfilaued (rJ)m ally work of
the place. See T r.ENe llEs.
ENFR.il.NCHISEMENT, in law, lhe ineorporating a
perCon into any Coeitty or body politie.
ENGASTRIMYTH I, in Pagan theology, the Pythians,
or prieflelrcs of Apollo, \\'ho ddivered orades from
wilhin, without any aélionof the moulh or lips.
The aneient philofophers, &c. are divided upon the
fubjeél of theenRanrimythi. Hippoeratcs menlions it
as aui(eaCe. Olhcrs wtll hafe it a kind of divination.
Others amibme it tO the operation or polTdlion of an
evil fpirit. And othm to art and meehanilin. M.
Seollus maintaios thal the eogallrimythi of the anei·
ents \Vere poelS, who, IVhen lhe prieas could not (peak,
fupplied the deleél by explainiog in verfe what Apol.
lo diélated in Ihe cavily of the baCon on the facred tri·
pod •
ENGENOERING, a term (omelimes uf,d for lhe aél
of Plodueiog or forming aoy thing: Ihus meteors are
faid to be eogendered io the middle region of the al·
mofphm, anu \Vorms in lhe belly. See GENERA '
TION.
ENGERS, the eapilal of a eOllnty of the fame name, in
Germany, fituated on the river Rhine, about feven
miles oorth of Coblent2.
ENGHIEN,aeityof Hainalt, about fourteen miles fouth·
\Ven of BrulTds.
ENGINA, an iOand on Ihe north·ean oC the Morea, a·
bout 6fty miles ean of Corinth.
ENGINE, in meehanies, is • eompound maehine, made
of one or more meehanieal power!. •s levers, pul/ies,
ferews, &. in order 10 raiCe, eaa, or (ufiain any
weight, or produce aoy ,ffeél \Vhieh could not be ea·
(¡Iy effetled oth, rwife. See MEC HANICS.
ENGI SE jor (Xti.tui/hing fimo See HYDRO STATI es,
and HVD RAULICS .
Pil,. ENG INE, one contrived for driving piles. See
M¡ CH ANles.
Sttaln.ENGINE, a machine tOraife water by (¡re, or ra·
Iher by the force of waler lurned inlo /leam. See
HV DRns TATl cS , , nd HVORAULI CS.
ENG INEER, in Ihe military an, an able expert man,
who, by a p:rfetl knowledge in matheOlaties, "e"ne~tes
upon paper, or marks upon the xround, aJl Com of
fom, aocl olher work! proper fN olr~nee anu de(enee.
He Ihould undern~nrl tbe art of fortdiwioo, fo as 10
be .blt, oot only tOdlfeover the defeéls of a place, but
tOfind a remedy proper for Ihem; as al(o ho\V 10 Olake
an atlaek upon, dS \Vdl as 10 dcf<nd, Ihe place. En·
~ineers are e~lremely neeelTary for th:l. pnrpofes :
whcrefore il is re9l\1file tbal, befitk! b ing ingenious,
VOL.I!. lo. 46. t
~ 9 7 E N G
they Ol?uld be brave in proportion. Whe~ at a (jee~
the englnw shave narrowly fUI veylo the place, ti" y ar,
to make Ihm repon to the general, by acqu.iut¡n~
him whieh plrt Ihey j~dg~ the .'e.k.!I, ami ",here ap~
proaches may be maqe with mol! fueeefs 'fheir bu(¡.
nefs is allo tO delineate the lines of
and eontraullation, taking aJl the advam¡ges d the
ground; to m,rk OUt Ihe t,cnehes, plaees of arm!,
baneries, aod 10dgmeOts, laking eare tlm none of
their work.s be fi'?ked or difeovered from lhe place.
Afler maklng a fallhful repon to the general of
is a·doing, the enginecrs are 10 rlcmanrl a ,Cu/lieient
number of \Vorkruen and utenfils, and whatevlr elfe is
neeeOary.
ENGLANO, the fouthern di,ifion of Great llrilain, fi.
tuated in the AtlaolieoCEan, betIVeen2° E. anu 6° W.
longitude, and between 49° H ' and HO55' N. lati·
tude.
There are in Eneland, inc/udiog Wales, fifly.t\\·o
countie~, tw~ arehbilhopries, !'~enly. four bilhopl ies,
IIVO unll'erfilles, l\VenIY' Oloe ellles, upwards of e¡gh t
hundred towns, anu near len pariRles' Cup.
po(ed to eontainabout 7,000,000 of pcoFle. "
N:w ENG LAND, eomplehendiog the eolonies of' /.laf.
faehufets, Ncw HaOlFlhire, Conneélieul, Rhode.iOand
and Providenee·Plaotation, is fitnated between 67° anj
73° W. longitude, and belween 41° and 45° N. la·
titude.
ENGLlSH, or Ihe ENGLISH TO IIGUE, lhe language
fpoken by the reople of England. aod, wilh fome va.
riation, by thole of Seodand, as well as pan of lre.
land, and the refi of the Bri,ilh dominions.
The ancieol hnguage of llritain is generaJly aJlolV–
ed tohave been the fame with the Gaulie, or Freneh·
this ifland, in al/ probability, having been fidl peopleJ
from GaJlia, as both Crefar and Taeilus allirOl, anJ
prove by many firong and eonc/ufive arguillents, as by
lheir reJigion, manoers, eufioms, and the nearnefs of
their filuation. BUl now \Ve have very fmalJ remains
of Ihe aneient llritilh longue, exeept in Wales, Corno
\Vall, lhe iaands and highlands of Seodand, pan of
Ireland, and fome provinees of Franee; which \Vi/!
not appear nrange, \Vhen \Vhat folJolVs is confidered.
Julius C:I!(ar, fome time before the birth of our S.–
I'iour, made a de(eenl upon Brilain, lhough he mal'
be faid mher to have difeovered than eonquered il;
bUl, about the year of Chrifl 45, in Ihe time of
CI,~dius, Aulus Plautius lVas fent over with Come P.o.
lilao forces, by whom two kings of the Britons, Co.
digunus and Caraélaeus, were both ovcleome in banle:
whereupon a Roman eolony lVas planlcd at Malden iD
ElTex. and the foulhern parts of thc iaand were r~du.
eed tO Ihe formof aRoman pro,ioce: after that, the
iaand lVas eonquered as far nonh as the (riths of Oum.
barton and Edinburgh, by Agrico!a, in the time of Do.
mitian; \Vhcrcupon, agrcll number of lhe Btiton!, in
the eonquercd part of the iOand, r~:ired 10 tbe ",dI
pan ealJed W.les, earrying their bng~agc Wilh Ihcm.
Thegrc.ttdl pan of Britain being thus b,eome a
Roman provinee, the Roman Irgions, ~ ho relided in
lir:lain fOI aboye t\Vo hundred years, un~oubledly dil:
5 1 f"minmd