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493

E M P

criental and occiJental: the cltleralds of the Ea(l· In–

dies are

e\"id~ntly

finer than thofe of any other part of

the world; but our

j~wellers,

feldom meeting with

thef~,

call the American emeralds the oriental, and u–

(ually fell cryaal

accid~ntally

tinged wilh green, under

th~

name of the occidental emerald: Ihtfe being airo

the rooll common, there has glown an opinion

am~ng

Ihe lapidaries, that the emerald is no harda than the

cryllal; becaufe \Vha: they take tO be emeralds, are

in general onlycryftals.

The genuine emerald, in its

moa

perfell lIate, is

¡¡erhaps .he

m~1I

beautiful of all the gcms; it is found

of various fizes, but ufually rlO,lI; a great number of

Ihem are met wilh of about the fixteenlh part of an

inch io diammr, aod they are found from thi.s tO lhe

fize of , walnu!.

The emeraid is of diIFerent figures like rhe diamond

and many of Ihe olher gems, being rometimes found in

a roundilh or pebble-like form, but much more fre–

quently iD acolumnar onc, refembling comOlon cryaal :

Ihe pebble-emeralds are always the hardell and bright–

efi, but are feldom found exceeding the fize of a pea:

Ibe eryfiallifórmooes'grow revml tOgether, aod are

~ften

larger: the pebble.kiod are fouod loofe io the

urth. of mouotains, and faods of river!; the co–

lumoar are found ufually bedded io, or adhering to, a

white, opake, and coarfe cryllalline mars, and fome–

limes

Ihe jafper, or Ihe prafius.

The oriental emerald is of Ihe hardoers of the fap–

phire aod ruby, and is recond only to the diamond in

lQaN: and brightnefs: the American is of the hard–

ners of the garoet, and

th~

European fomewhat rofter

thao that, yet confiderably harder than cryllal:

lores it colour io lhe fi re, and becomes uodifiioguilh–

able from the white fapphire.

Theoriental emeralds are very rcarce, and at pre·

fent found only in Ihe kingdom of Cambay; very few

of them have oflate been imponed into Europe, info–

much that it has been fuppofed there were no oriental

emmlds; but witbin there ten yem, fome few have

been brought from Cambay into ltaly, that greatly

'excel the AmeriCln ooes. The American, being

what our jewelers

call

oriental emeralds, are found

principally about Peru; and Ihe European are princi–

pll yfrom Silefia.

'J.

,"untu/,;t

EMERALOS: Take of nalural cryaal,

four ounces; of red·lead, four ounces; verdegreare,

fony·eight grains; crocus manis, prepared with vine–

gar, eighl grains; let the whole be finely pulverizcd

and fifted; pUt !bis iOlo a crucible, leaving one inch

emply : lute it well, and pUt il into a potler's fu rnace,

aod let it fland Ihere as long as they do their pOIS.

When cold, break the crucible, and you will find

mmer of a fine emerald colour, IVhich, afler il is

CUt and fet in gold, will furpafs in bcauty an oriental

emerald.

EMERY, in natural hiaory, a rich iron Ore found in

brge malfes of no delerminate Olapeor fize, exmmdy

hard. and very he..y.

is urually of

duO:ybrolVn–

ilh red On the furface; but when broken, is of a fine

bri~hl

iroo.grey, but not withoUI fome tinge of red-

VOL .

Il.

No.

1,'.

nefs; and is fpangled all over lVith nlining fpccl¡s,

which are fmall flakes of a foliaceous talc, hlghly iDl–

pregnated wilh iron.

is alfo fometimes very red,

and then ufually contains veins of gold.

makes no

ell'ervercence lVilh any of the acid menflruums, and is

found in the iOand of Guernrey, iD

T~fcany,

and many

parts of Germany.

EMETIC, a medicine which ioduces vomiting.

EM INENCE, a title of honour peculiar to

cardin.ls

See CAR.OINAL.

EMI!{, a title of dignilY among the Turks, fignifying a

pnnce.

This litle lVal fira given lOIhe caliphs; but

IVh~n

theyalfumed the title of fullans, that of emir remaioed

to their children ; as Ihat of Czfar amoog the Romans.

At length the litle beeame allributed to all who were

judged to defcend from Mahomet by his daughter Fdti–

mah, and who wear the green turban inaeadof Ihewrute.

The Turks make an obfervation, that the emirs, b:–

fore Iheir fortielh ¡-ear, are men of the grealea gra–

vilY, .Iearningand wifdoOl; but afler Ihis, If Ihey are

not great fools, lhey dircover rome figns of levity apt!

aupidilY. This is inlerpreted by the Turks as a run

of divine impulfe in token of their birth and ranllit)'.

The Turks airo call the vizirs, balhaws, Or gover–

nors of provinces, by this name.

EMISS!\RY, in apolitical renre, a perronemployed by

another to found the opinioos of people, rpread cer–

tain repom, Or all as

fpy over other peopIes ac–

tioos.

EMMENAGOGUES, in pharmaey, medicines whieh

promole themenfes, either by giving a greater force to

the blood io its circulation, IVhereby its momentum

agaioa the velfels is increafed; or by making it thin–

ner, whereby it will more eafily pafs tbrough any OUI–

let.

EMMERIC, a city of Weaphalia, in Germany, fuo–

jeé\ tOPru([,a: E. long.

¡o

45',

N. lat.

¡1°

48'.

EMOLLlENTS, in medicine and pharmacy, are rueh

Iemedies as Iheath and foften Ihe afperity of the hu–

mours, and relax and fupple lhe folids at the r,me

time.

EMPALEMENT, an ancient kind of punilhment,

which confiHed in thruaing a lldke up the funJamen!.

EM PALEMEwr

.¡ .

jlo'!Jirr,

the fame with calix. See

CAL IX.

EMPEROR. a title of honour among the ancicnt Ro–

mans, conferred on a general who had been villorious,

and now made to fignify a fovereign prinee, or fupreDle

ruler of an empire.

The litle of emperor adds nothing to Ihe righlS of

fovereignty ; it only givesprehemineoce above olher ro–

vereigos. The emperors, however, pretend, thal the

imperial digoity is more eminenl Ihan the regal.

difpuled whether emperors have Ihe pOIVer of dirpo–

fing of theregaltitle; however this nuy be, Ihey hal'c

romelimes laken upon Ihem

erea kingdum!: thus it

is that Ilohemia, Prullia, and P.oland, are faid

hare

been raired

that dignilY. In thc eaa, Ihe litle of

emperor is more frequcnl Ihan wilh us; th4.s Ihe fo.

vereign princes of China, Mogul,

6c.

callcd

CIII-

pero;s.