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ioeorporated, can them into water; and when dry, fet

Ihem io a furnace again to melt ; aod when melted,

take a proof of it, If too deep-coloured, add more

of the eommoo mmer of eoamers; aod if too

p~le,

add more of the colours.

Enamels are ufed either in counterfeitiog or imita–

ling precious f1ones, io paioting io eoamd; or by eo·

amellers, jewellers, aod goldrmiths, io gold, film,

aod other metals The twn firll kiods are ufually

prepmd by the workmeo themfel_es who are employ–

ed io thefe am. That ufed by jewellers,

6<.

brought tO us ehieBy froll! Veoice or Hollaod, io little

cakes of different fizes, commonly about four inches

diammr, haviog the mark of the lIlaker lIruck upon

il with a puocheoo.

pays the pound

.Vo-d.

importatioo, and draws back

~d.

at the

rate of

per pouod.

ENAMELLING, the

art

of laying enamel upon metals,

as gold, filver, copper,

6<.

aod of meltiog it at Ihe

,he 6re, or of making divers curious works io it at

lamp.

figni6e11 alfo tO paiot io eoamel.

7he melh.d .fpainlinf in

EUMEL. This is performed

on plates of gold or film, aod moll commoDly of cop–

per, enamelled with ,he white enamel; whereon they

paiot with colours which are melted in the fi re, where

Ibey tue a brightnefs and lullre like that of glafs.

This painting is the moll prized of all for in peculiar

brightnefs and vivacity, which is very permaneo', the

force of its coloulS oO! beiog effaced or fullied with

time, as io other paioliog, aod cootiouiog a1ways

frefh as wheo it carne out of tbe workman's hands,

Jt is ufual iD miniature, it being the mere dillicult the

larger it is, by reafon of certain accidenl! it is liable

lo in the operation. Enamelling fhould only be prac·

tifed on platts of gold, the other m'etals being leCs

pure : copper, for inllance, Ccales with the application,

and yields fumes; and filver turns the yellows white.

Nor mull the piate be made Bat; for in Cuch cafe, the

cnamel cmks; to avoid which, ,hey ufually forge

,hema little rouod or oval, and not tOO thick.. The

piate beiog weJl and eveoly forged, they uCuaJly begio

,he operarioo bylayiog

couch of white eoamel (as

we obferved above)

both fides, which preveots the

metal from fwdling .nd blilleriog; and this fi¡lI lay

{erves for the grouod of aJl the olher colou!!. The

plate beiog thus prepared. they begin at fidl by draw–

iog out exaaly the fubjea to be painted with red vi–

triol, mixed with oil of fpike, markiog aJl pans

of me defigo very lightly wilh a fmaJl penei/.

Af~cr

Ihis, the colours (which are tO be before grouod

~Ith

water in a mortar of agate extremely fine, and mlxed

with oil of fpike fomewhat thick) are tO be bid on,

obferviog the mixtures aod coloulS that agree to Ihe

different partS of the fubjea; for which it is nec<lrary

ro underfland painling in miniature. But here the

workman mull be very cautious of the good or bad

qualities of the oil of fpike he employs to mix his co·

JOUIS with, for it is very fubjea to adulleralKJns. See

OIL.

Gltat care mulllikewi(e be taken, that theleall du{l

illlaginable come Dot to your coJours whue you are

495

E N A

either painting or grinding them; (or Ihe lea{l f¡ieck,

when it is worked up with it, and when the work comes

to be put into tbe reverbmtory to be red·hot, will

leave a hole, and fo deface the work.

When .the colours are alllaid, the paiotÍng mulI

gently dned

ov~r

a fiow 6re to evaporate the oil, and

Ihe coloun a(terwards melted to incorpora

them

with the enamel, making the plate red-hot in a 6re

like what the enamellers ufe. Aflerw.,ds thar

par!

the painting mull be pa/fed over again .which the 6re

hath any thing effaced, lIrengthening the fhades and

colours, and committing

agaio to Ihe 6re, obferving

,he fame method as before, which is to be repeated lill

the work be nnifhed.

Melhod

ofENAMHL ING

D' Ih, lamp.

Moa

enamelled

works are wrought at the fire of a Iamp, io wbich, iD'

lIead of oil, they pUl melted horfe·greafe. which they

cal~

ca.balline oil. The lamp, which is of copper or

whlte Iton, confills of

IWO

pieces, io one of which is

kiRd of oval plate, fix inches long, ¡nd two high, in

which Ihey put the od and the cotton. The other

part, calJed the box, in which the lamp is inclofed,

{erves only to receive the oil whieh boils ovn by the

force of the fi re. This lamp, or, where feveral artills

work together. t\Vo or three mOre lamps are placed on

• table of proper beighl. Under the !able, .bout

the middle of its height, is a double pair of organ–

bellows, which one of the workmen moves up aod

dowRwith his foot, to quicken the Oame ofthe lamps,

which are by this means excited to an incredible de–

gree of vehemence. Groons made wim a gauge iD

the upper pan of the t,ble, aod covmd wilh parch–

ment, convey the wind of the bellows to a pipe of

glafs before each lamp; and thal the enamellm Olay

not be incommoded with the heat of the Iamp, every

pipe is eovered at fix ioches di/laDce wilh a litlle tió

plm, nxed into the table by a woodeo haodle. When

the works do not require a long blall, rhey Dnly ufe–

gl.fs

pipe, ioto which they blow wilh their moulb.

is incredible to what a degree of fioenefs and de–

licaey the threads of ename! may

drawn at the

lamp. Thofe which

are

ufed in making falfe tufu of

feathers are fo fine, thal rhey may be \Vound on the

reellike filk or thread. The 6élilious jet! of all co-

10uIS, ufed in embrolderies, are alfo made of eDamel .

¡nd Ihat with fo much an, Ibat every fmall pieee hath

its hole 10 pafs Ihe Ibread through wherewilh ir i,

fewed. There holes are made by blowing them into

long pieces, which they afterwarda CUt wilb a proper

tool.

is fe!dom that the VenelÍanor Dutch enamels are

ufed alone; ,hey comlOooly melt them in an iron .ladle

wilh an eqnal part glars or cry{la!; and when Ihe tw¿

mattelS are io perfea fufion , they draw it OUt into

Ihreads of diffcrent fizes, according to the n'ture of

th: work.. They take it o'" of the ladle

lV~ile

liquid,

wlth twO pleces of broken tobateo pipes, which Ihey

extend fronl each other at arm's lenglh. If Ihe Ihread

is required Ibll long.., then .nolher wurkman holds

O~t

eod, and con"oues tO draw il OUI, while Ihe firll

bulds the C"aDld IU rhe

n.me

. Tho[. Ihreads, ",heo

cald,