1000000030

N G

5\)0

E N

r.r

\Vou\.\

rrerm'~

one qu,,\iI1ln,\ immon)' in his IVÜlks,

IhoulJ al\V,IYs Ikelcil

0\11

li,e ¡ori".ip,,1 u¡'je(,s vf his

pi~c,

b"'Me any p

m or~h

em ,m

li,nilheJ.

Th~

inllrumenls

oeecll.ll

'y lor

"liS

lol! of engr:\VIng

are,

b<fiu~s

a gra\'er, aeulhiol1. or f.II1J bag!

m~dc

Icalher, lO

1.11'

lhe plalo 00, in onler lO

g"e

lhe

necelfary lurl1s anu r.,olions;

burninw mudeof iroo,

or lIe:!, round al one eod, ancl ufually f1miO,

lhe

Olh~r,

lO rub OUl Oips anJ f.ilmes, fOI'len lhe IIrok,s,

(;,. ; a feraper, lo pm off lhe

furf.ce,

on occafion ;

and a ruhuer. of

black hal, or clOlh rolled up, lO

fill

"1'

lhe Itrokes lhal lhey mal' appear lhe more vi–

[¡hle.

ENCRAV'~C

pru;orll jlona,

lhey "fe eilher the dia–

monJ, or the em"y. The diamood, whieh i, the

harddl of allllones, is only cut by itrelf, or IVilh ils

O\Vn maller. The n, OIhing lObe done inthis br<nch

of en; miog, is lO cement 111'0 rough diamonds to

tI~c

eods of IIVO Ilicks big enough lOhold them fleady, n

Ihe hand, and to rub or grinJ themagain!l eaeh other

lill Ihey be brought lOlhe form de!ired. The dufl

or powder that is rubbeJ off fen'es aflerwards to PO–

lin, then\, whieh is performed with a kind of mili lha!

turos a wheel of foft iron. The diamond is nxed ina

brofs diO" and , thus applied lOIhe wheel, is comed

\Vilh diamond·duO, mixt up with oil of olives; and

when the diamond is to be eUl faeet.IVife, lheyapply

firU one faee, then anolher, to the whed. Rubies,

farphim, and tOpazcs, are cut and (ormeu lhe fame

\Vay on a eopper wheel, and polifhed with tripoli di–

luted in water. As to agates, amelhyOs, emmlds,

hyaeinths, granales, rubies, and others of the fofler

nones, Ihey areeUl on a leadenwheel, moiOened Wilh

emery and water, aDd poliOled Wilh lripoli, on a pew–

ter wbee\. Lapis-Iazuli, opal,

&c.

are polifhed on).

wooden whee\. To fafhion and engrave vafes of agate,

eryOal, lapis-Iazuli, or !he like, lhey make ufe of a

kind of lalhe, like thal ufed by pewterers

huid Ihe

~elfels.

which are to be ...rougnl with proper lools;

Ihat of lhe engraver generally ho!ds lhe lools, which

are (urned by a whecl; and Ihe velfd is held to Ihe",

to be cut and engtal'ed, eilher in relievo or otherwife;

the tools being moiflened, fromlimetOlime, wilh dia–

mond dufl and oil, or al leaOemery and water. To

enAr. ve figu,es or deviccs on .nyof lhefe Oones, when

polifhed, fuch

medals, f..

ls,

.6t.

they.ufe a

~in!e

iron wheel, lheends of ,,'hofe axIS are recelved wllhtn

two piem of iron, placell upriChl, as in lhe turner's

lathe; anri lO be brought dofer, or fet funhet apan,

al pleafure: at one end of lhe axis are ntttd Ihe pro–

per lools, bting kcpt tighl by a ferew. L3my. The

whed is lurned by the fOOl. and Ihe (!one applild by

lhe hand lOlhe 1001, and is fhifled and eondulled as

occafion requires.

The IQI,1s ale gcnernll)' of iron, and fomelimes of

I'r.lfs; lheir forro is Juious, but it geanally bem

fome dtmblance lOehirrds, couges,

6r.

50mt have

f0\311 ruun,1heaJ., like Lunons, othw lik. ferrels, 10

uke lhe pieces OUI, and othm fl.r.

6c.

"htn lhe

Oune has b:en enromen, it is poliíhtd 00 whtcls

h ir bruOI:s dnu

tri

Ii.

RAV '

~I/

JI."

is ehidly emplnreri in cuuillJ {e"I!,

pUlld"s,

ttl:llltC~S,

and tlyes prop" fur Ibik<ng eoios,

mtdals, anu couotm . The m<lhu<l of engmmg Wilh

lhe i

nUru"ICnts,

6,'.

is the (.,mt for COIIlS 's for me–

u.ls

alld eOllntel'S:

AII

the difftrence confi(!s in Iheir

g:ca

ler or

I.fs

rel:evo, lherelievo of eoins ueing much

Itfs confid

crabl

e lhan lhat of medals, and that of eoon–

ters Uilllcfs than Ihat of eoins.

EngrJvers io (leel eoollllonly brgiD",ilh punches,

",hieh are in relievo, and ferve for makiog lite ereox,

or cavities, of the matrices and d)'es:

though fome–

times they begin Wilh the creux, nr hollownefs,

then it is onlywhen the intend:dwork is

!te

em very

O" lIoIV. The firll thing done, is that of ddigning

tI,~

figures ; thenexI is Ihe moulding themin wax, of ,he

fize and depth lhey are lO lie, and from Ihis wax tite

puneh is engraven.

hen Ihe puneh is fininlCd, Ihey

gil'. il a very high temper, Ihal il mal' Ihe hmer be.r

,he blows 01' lhe hammer wilh which il is nrllck lOgive

the imprdlion tOlite matrix.

The fleel is made hot to foflcn it. that it may the

more readily take Ihe imprdlionof Ihe punch; and af–

ter Ilriking lhe punch on it, io Ihis fiate, they proceed

10 touc" up or fiOlfh lhe !Irokes and lioes, where by

reafon of lheir finenefs or Ihe too great rel,evo lhey

are any thing defellive, Wilh

lit

el gravers of diITe"nl

kinds, ehilfels, fl:tnm,

6c.

being Ihe principal innru–

meols ufed in graving on neel.

The figure being thus nnifhed, they proceed to en·

grave the reO of the medal, as lht mouldinp,s of ,he

border, Ihe eograiled rinf, leners,

&c.

Wilh linlc

Oeel punches, \Vell tempered, and \'ery fharp.

ENGUICHE', in hmldry. is faid of lhe great Oloolh

of a hunting horn, \Vhen ilS riO} is of a difl'mnl co–

lonr from

lh~t

of Ihe horo itfelf.

ENGYSCOPE, the f<llne witlt microfcope.

See MI –

CROSCOH.

E HARMONIC, in the ancient mufie, ooe of Iheir ge–

nera or kinds of mufie, fo called from in fuperior ex–

eeUenee; lhough wherein il eonGOed, fays Mr Mal–

com, is hard

fay:

it was allowed by all lO be fo

very diffieult, lh&! feweould ever prallife il.

HYOR

US, in Datural billory, a genus of fiderochua

or erullated ferrugincous bodies, formcd in large

and

in greal pan emply eafes, iodofiog

fmall quaDttLy of

an aqueous fluid.

Of Ihis genus there

~re

only t\Vo fpecic!: l. The

lhiek-fhelled enhydrus, Wilh black,

reddinl.bro,~o.

anu yellowcruOs.

Thethinner.fhellcrl klDd, W!lh

yl'ilowifh·brown anrt purple cruns; neilher of whlCh

ferOlenlS wilh aqua fonis, or giles fi re wi,h Oct!.

EN IXU

among ehémiO$, a kind of neutral fah, ge–

oerated of an acid and an

alk~li.

'111e f.1 emxum of

Parae~lfus,

is the capDt mortuOm

of fpirns of nitre "ilb oil of vilriol, or \Vhal remalOS

in ,he relOr! after lhe diflillalion of Ihis {pirit ; belng

of:t ...hile colour, and pleafing .cid laOe.

EN.1A 'CHE', in hmlJry, is "'hen ItocS are dr.twn

{rom lile centre of lhe upper edge of Ihe ehief tO Ih:

fiJl!, to

a~ouI

hJlf lhe

b,ea~th

of the ch;cf

figol–

f}inZ