333 / 1042
e
R Y
the vein by which tbis blood returos toll'ards thehem.
S~e
ANHOMV, Part
1lI.
IV.
CRUS, in anatomy, all that part of dte body contaioed
betwee~
tbe buttocks aod lhe toes. See ANATOMV,
Pan
l.
'CRUSCA, an Italian termfignifying bran, is in ufe
a·
mongfl us to denote that c:lebr.ued academy called
M/a crufca,
efl,blilhed at Floreore, [or purifying
2nd perfeéling the Tu[can laoguage.
CRUSTA VILLOSA, in analomy. See Vol.
l.
p.
158.
CkUSTA L.\CTEA, in medicine, tbe [ame with achor,
beirig fcabby eruptions with which the heads of childreo
are ofien trouhled . See MEDI CINE.
CRUSTACEOUS, ao appellatipn given to animals co·
vered Wilh Ihells made up of (everar pieces, io conlla·
diflioaioo to thofe confiOiog of a fingle p'iece.
CRUX, or St CROIX, one of the Caribbee·iflands, fitu·
tuated about fixty miles fOUlh eafl of Porto·Rieo, aud
[ubjea
10
France:
W.
long.
64' ,
,od N.lar.
17° 30'.
CRUSADO, in commerce, a
Portl1g~efecoin,
Orufk under
Alphonfus V. about lhe year
1457,
at lhe lime wheo
pope Calixtus fent thither lhe bull for a croifade a·
gainfl the infidels.
This eoio has a erofs on ooe fide, aod the arms/
~f
Portugal on lhe other.
CRYMODES, among ph)'fie:ans, akind of feveraltend·
ed Wilh aIhivering cold aod in8ammation of the ioter·
nal pms of tbe body.
CRYPTOGAMIA, io botany. See lhe
Scheme,
p.
635.
¡nd Plate LUI. 6g.
24'
alfo p.
636.
CRYPTOGRAPHY, the art of writing in cipher, or
with fympalheue ink. See CIPHER ,od INK.
CRYSTAL, lhe oameofa verybrge clafs offoJlils ; hard,
pellucid, aod nalurally colourlefs; of regularly ao·
guiar figures, compofed of fimple, not filameotous–
plaleS; OOt 8e"ible oon elaflie, giving Gre with lIeel;
not fermeming in acid meoflrua, and calciniog in.a
flroog 6re.
The ordecs of pure cryllal are three; lhe Grfl
i~
perfea columoar crylla/s, with double pyramids, como
pofed o(
eighle~o
planes. in ao hexangular column,
termioated by an hexangular pyramid at eaeh end: the
fecood order is that of perfetl cryflals, witb double
pyramids, . wilhout a column, compofed .either of
twelve or of fixteeo planes, in.tWO hexaogular pyra·
mids, joined clofely, bafe to bafe, wilhoul the inter·
ven¡Ion of any column: tbe third order is tbal of im·
perfea cryllals, with fingle pyramids, compofed either
of
tw~l.e
or teo planes, io anhexangularor pentaogular
columo, aJlixed irregularly, at one end, to ·fome fo.
lid body, aod termioated, .. lhe olher, by ao hexao·
guiar or pentangular pyramid.
Thefe.
m
al! the general forms into which eryflal,
when pure, is found concreled: but under thefe there
are almofl infinite varieties in Ihe number of angles,
aod the length, thickoefs, and otheracetdents of the
columos and pyramid!.
Wheo cryOal 15blended with metallioe particles ar
Ihe time of its formalion, it arrumes a variety of 6-
gures whollydifferem from thefe, eonlliluting a fouTlh
arder, under tbe
Dame
of metalline cryflals: woco thar
e u
B
!Detal is leaJ, Ihe cryflal alfumes the form of
a
cube"
\\ henil i5 tin, of a quadriJareral pyramid, witb a broad
baf~ ;
wheo iroo, tbe eryllal is fODÍld concrcted .in
rhomboidal cry,f1a1s: lhefe cryllah are very common
about nllnes; bUI the commoo fpars, which are liable
to be in8ueoced io
!he
fame maooer by tbe mmls,
aod to appear io 'the verr fame form, are to be careo
fully diflinguilhed frpm rbem. There is ooe very eafy
tefl for tbis purpofe, whieh is, tbat all fpm are fub:
jea to be diJl'olved by-aqua fortis, andoefl'érrefc'e
vía–
lemly only
00
it~
louobiog it : bUI il has
00
fueh
ef.
feas on eryflal.
Tbe pebbJe cryflal is commoo enough ih al¡ Fans of
the world ; ,but Ihat which is formed of hexaogular
eolumns,. allixed to a (olid
bafe.alooe end, and termi.
oaled by a hexangular columo at tHe other, is ioGoitely
more fa: this is ",hat we call fprig or rotk cryflal,
aod is the fpecies defcribed by mofl.
aut~or,
under tbe
o. me of cryllal of the Ihops, or thar kept fu"medi.
cinal ufe.
It
is to be cbofen the c1earell, puren, and moll
t,anfparent that cao behad : it Ihould be proved to be
00 fpar, by means of aquafortis, or bydrawiog a point
of it along a pane of glafs,. which it CUt6 iD Ihe liaoner
of a diamond.
lt
is fouod iDvafl abundaoce io mny
partS of England and Irelaod; aoel. in· &rmany it is
yet more frequent. It ir fouod about Briflol 'of:ame.
thyltine tinge; io Silefia and Bohemia it is f1ained to
the eoJour of the ruby, fapphire, .emerald, and topaz,
in wbich cafe jewcJlers ma'ke great advaolage of it,..
fcJliog it uoder the name of accidental faí'phire,
&c.
CUSTAL is alfo ufed for a (,ailious body, cafl io glafs..
houfes, called cryflal.glafs; being, in faa, no more
thao glars
carri~d,
iD the eompoGlioo aod manufaaure,
toa grealer perfeaioo than the commooglafs.
The befl kiod of glafs.cryflal is that called Veoice
cryllal,. made at Morao, near Veoice. S-ee GLAU.
CkYS TA LS, ioshemiijry, fahs or olher malters Ihot,
or coogealed, iD Ihe maooer of cryflal. See CH
E·
MUTU.
CRVSTALLI N& ltVMOVa, iD anatomy,
See.
Vol.
1.
P·
28
9·
CRYSTALLIZATION,
iR
ohemiUry'.
See. CHE'
MI5TkYJ,
CRYSTALLOMANCY, io antiquity, _ !cind of divi·
natioo, performed by meaos of a mirror, wh(1'ein the
ligures of the thiogs required are faid to luve beco re..
prefeottd.
CUB, a bear's whelp. Among hlnters, a. fox and
manero of the 6rfl year, are called cubs. See
U
l'
sus.
CUBA, ao iBlIlld of Norro Amerita, fituated io tbe Ar·
laotie ocean, .betweeo
74·
ami
87'
of
W.
10n&. Ind
between
20°
and o
23°
N. lat. being eight
huodr~a
miles and upw.ards in leogth fromean'to wcll, and ge·
oerallyabout f\,eBlY miles broad. It lies about fifty·
miles
wefl
of ijjfpaniola, and feveoty.jivc oórth of
J•.
maíca.
CUBAGUA, an American iOaod, Gtuated between Ihe
iOand of Margaretta aod Terra Firma, aod fubjca tp'
Spaín:
W.
long.
64°,
and,N.
11.1.10° I{
CUBE,.