1000000030

125 / 1042

106 e H E M
rofcd, lhe fir{l lhin~ 10 be Jone, is 10 cxpofc it 10 a
"cgrc~ of hcal 100 weak 10 melt ilS emhy and flony
pMl!, but Ilrong enou&h tO fufe its regulinc together
\\ith i" fulphureous pam, which by lhis means are f~·
Rar,lted from the eanh, and uniwl ioto one IOaf!,
known by the name of Antimony
!t is plain, that this 6r1t optration, which is foundcd
on the great fufibi lilYof anumony, prodoces, with r<'
~:tld 10 thc orc of regolos of aotill1ony, lhe fame efl'ea
tllal waOling halh on other ores: fo that aflcr rhis firfl fo.
fion ~othing more is requifite to the obla,ning of apure
regulu! of anumony, bOl lOfeparale il from ilS fulphur
by roaning, and 10 melt it with fome matter abounding
in phlogillon, in the fame manner as olher mmllic mat–
ters ar< lrcaled, The term cslcination is generally u·
(ed In exprcfs lhis torreraélion of anlimony, by means
whereof lhe mm llic eartb of lhe regulus of anlimony is
feparalcd from il! lulphur,
As regolos of anl,mony ham, Jike mercury, much lef,
affinity wllh full'hur lhan the olher melals ha,e, il fol·
Jou's thol anrimony may be decompofed by the fame
means as cinabar; bUl the regulos fo obtalOcd I! adul·
t~rated wub a ponion of tb~ atlditament made ufe 01',
which combines therewim,
O[ ,h( O", o[ Biflll~th,
THE ore of biCmuth cnnfins of the Cemi·mm l minera·
Jifed by the arfen,e, and of an unnlCtallic canh, h is
very tOdecompofe th's ore, and to eXlraél thc bif·
qlu,h tt contalns' for Ibis porpofe it need only bc ex–
pofed tOa moderate heat , wbereby the arCenic will be
dillipated in Yapours, and the biCmutb melted, which will
theu feparm (,om the unmetallic canh, This eanh, al
Ir'[\ iD fe,eral ores of uifruuth, poffcll'es the proptny of
tir,oino all yitri6"ble matters with which it is mclted of
a bea~tifol blue colour.
To decompofe Ihe ore of bifmuth no flux or inflam·
manle maller is ofed ; becaofe this femi·mml is poffeffed,
even in its mineral ltm, of.1I the phlogillon requifile tO
maintain il! rpetallíne properties; and it! great fofibiJity
makcs il uoneeeffary to mell tbe merallic eanh contained
io its ore,
Of ¡he O", .¡ Zinc,
ZINC is 001 generally obt¡ined from a partieolar ore
of its oIVn; bot fublimes durin&the fufion of. mine·
ral, or ralher a confufed mars of minerals, thal coot,ins
Ihis femi troetal logether IVith iron, copper, I<ad, fo l·
phur, arfeoic, aod, like all other ores, an unmetalJic
eft rlh,
Ncvenhel,fs there is a fobfiance "hich may,be confi·
d.red as the propfr ore of zinc, beeaufe il éontains a
pretly large ql1antily of thal r,mi·mml , a linle iron,
and an unmmllic eanh, It is'callet! Cdlamine, or /.pil
( ".,i, : bJt hitherto the art of procurin~ zinc di·
rcél ly from lhlS mineral hath no whcre bccn praéli(,d ,
Cal,ln,ine is conllnonly employed only tOconven coppcr
intO brafs or a ydlolV ntelal, by eemellling it thrrcwith,
InJeed lilll~tdy no eafy or praélicablemethod of obtain·
¡ng pl1re ,¿inc fronl calamine was poblicly known; for
uw (ttui·mctal being volaüle aud vcry icflamllldblc, il¡
s T R Y.
ore eal1not b. f~Ced like olher!, Mr M~rgraaf was Ihe
fi rll who, by nnx,ng powder<d charco.1w,th ca"'mi,,"
in clofe Y.ffels, obloincJ a I'crk~ zioc from it, by 11.<
of d,llill~"on or fubhOlalion,
Of Arfinic./ Mil/(r./¡,
,ARSENIC, as well as folpho r, is nalorally combined
wllh alulIIll all ores, or m,nerals wnt,ining mctalltc fob.
Il,nc,s, ,\sit is very volatile, whil, the matters ..ith..hicl.
!l !s I1ni.led are fixed, at leoll in compdnfoo tber<wilh ,
1 IS ","Iy fepmled by fublimation.
The mintrals thal contain mofl arfeoic are the wr.ite
pyrites, orpimenl, and cobalt, We ha,e .Irddy coo.
fidered Ihe white pyriles, as tO orp,ment, it confills of
folph,~r a~d ~rfe~ic, 1I0lh thefe fobllanees being very
volatuc, u ti d,lIieult to r~parate them by fl1blllnatiM'
yet, wllh proper monagement, and a doe rCg),lauon of
lhe ~re, thlS leparation may be efl'cé!ed; bec.ofe fuJpltur
fob!"n,s a IlIdc moree.fily Iban .rbic. But it is more
con,.,uent, as "ell al more expeditlous, tOm.k< \lfe of
fome addjtaO\~ot thal a greattr affinuy wllh one of
lhofe fubll~nces than w'lh Ihe otl,cr, Fixed alk.lts and
mercury, both of which havt more allinily wllh folphur
lh~n W,tlt arfenic, may be very propetlyemployed on
lh" oCCdfion Cobal! IS a minml compofed 01'a,fenic,
an unn¡mllic eanh, and freqoendy ,hlfinoth, and as
none of thefe art 90latile, except the arfenic, this
may be eafily fe parattu from the ren by fnblinmioo .
T he onmetallie emh which remalOs has, I,ke thal of lhe
o~e ,~f bifinuth , the propenyof givinga bluecolour 10 any
vllnhable matter! rutlted wllh 11; wltence it is coojté!u–
reu, that cohalt anu lhe ore of bifmutb haye a grm le.
fembl,ln~., or are oflén blent!eu ",ilh each other,
Belide, the nllnerals alrcauyr~cilcd, lhere is found iD
lhe bowds of th, eMlh anolher fpecies of compounJ
body, ot which we have alreddy taken notice' bur
which is fuppoftd, with fome d~gree of probabili;y, to
btlong as lIIueh tOthe Yegeta~le .s to the mineroI king–
dom, w. mean lhe bitunt<ns; wlt,dt the bell oui''',lIIoos
oblig~ os tO confider as l'egetaLle oils, llt'l by Iyin~
long lO lhe canh h..'e contméltd an UOlon with the m,.
nenll aciJs, and by thar means acqoiréd the thi~koeis ,
conliticllce, and other propenies obfervable in then! ,
Ry dtltdlJlion Ihcy yidd an ni!, and an .cid not tlo·
like a mineral acid, Mr Bourdtlio has even demonOr,–
ted, by. I'ery anfol and ingenious procefs, Ihal alDber
colltain¡ a m.oife!! :¡ciu of fea.falt,
ExplalInlion 01 t/¡~ rn6l~ ~r Aflinitie¡ or eletlivc
AllratlionJ,
WE have already explaioecl \Vb.t is meaot byaffinitie-',
and have I"d duwn Ihe principal lalV! towhich lhé rda–
tiullsof diffmm bodies are fllbjeé!, The laleMr Grof–
froy, being conl'inceu of dIe .dvantages ",hieh all \Vho
colttvatc chemillry wonld rcceive from haling conllandy–
before théir eyes a (bte of the bell af~enained relalioos
belween Ihechief 'genlS in chcmiUry, was di, firll whú
IIndéflook 10r.duce thent inloordn, and onite thcmall
in one point of ,i<w, by of a table, This tabl~
will be of coofiJerable uli: lO fueh as ire bcginniog te
/ludy