1000000030

H E

the unmelall:c mmel'S, and therewilh (orm a fl ag, which

b"~ing

Ihe lighle'! rifes

the fur(,lce, Thc OImlline

maucrs are

colle~kd

below in thé (01'01 of a nlining regu–

lus of copper; whieh howe"er, is nol ufually fine cup–

per, bm requires 10 be purified,

In order

(eparale Ihe copper (roOl Ihe unmelallie

mauers, il is ablolulely neccfl:lTy to IIldt ils orc . Iung

",ith the inflammable fubllanm abuunding in phlogillon,

For, as this metal is nol

pofl~f1ed

of ils melalline (orm

whil<it is in a mineral nale, as it is denilule of the t..ue

quantilY of phlogillon, and, though it· \Vere nOl, would

I"fe it by the atli"n of the fire,

would come

p,fs,

that, if its ore were mehed ""ilhout Ihe addition o( an)'

inflanllnable matter, the cnpreous earth, or calx, would

be fcorilied and confounded wilh the unmetallic mmcrs;

and as all "",. lIie m,tt.:rs, exeept gold and filrer, are

{ubjea 10 Ibis ineonveni.:nee as well as eopper, the ad–

dilion of an inflAmmablc fubflanee, in n.xing all ores

that cont,io them, is a general rule that oughl eonllandy

be obferved,

['011

Om,

RON

is feldom found rure and malleable in the eartb;

yet it is much feldomer found in Ihe mineralllate, pro–

perly fo c,lIed, than any of Ihe olher met,ls·: for mon

iron ores are fearee any Ihing more Ihan a ferruginous

emh mi xed in diffecenl proponions wilh unmetallic

earths and nones, Someof Ihem , however, conlain al–

fo volalile minerals, fuch as fulphur and arfe"ic; and

Ihercfore il is neeeOitry

roan Ihe iron ores, like all o–

IheT!, before you anempt to extraél the metal out of

Ihem, Thal being done, they are to be fmelled wilh a

flux confining of fufible aod inAammable maners, as the

gerieral rul.: dircas ,

,Iron is the commonell of all melals; nay, il is fo u–

niverfally diffufed through the emh, thal il is dillieult

find any Ilooe, eanh, or fand, tha!

do~s

not contaio

fome of it; and therefore none of thefe are ufually con–

fidered anu treated as iron ores, exeept fueh as comain

great

d~al

o( that metal, alld mcll cafi ly, Tite

h~m.tiles, emery, ytllow pyriles, ealamine, all contain a

preuy eonflderably quantity of iron; but Dobody at–

tcmrts to extraa it fram them, beeauCe they are vcry

hard tO melt,

Fcrruginous eanh being naturallyof an orange eolour,

none or eanh may be judgcd to eontain iroo, if eilher

natut.lly or after ro,lling it appears to have any (hade of

yellow or red,

The fingu lar propeny whieh iron has of being a.ttraaed

by the magnet, and of being Ihe only body, exclufive of

all olhers, that is fo, likewife affurds us an cafy mcthod

of difeovering the prefenee of this metal among olher

Itlamrs, \Vhere it oflen exiHs in fuch a fmall quantity

IhM it eould not olherivife be found out. For Ihis pUl'–

pofe Ihebody in whieh

ir~n

is fufpeéled tO lurk, mull be

pul verifcd and torrefied with fome ioRamm.ble matter ;

ano thtn the powder thus roancd being touehed \Vith a

magnet, or a magnetieal bar, if it conlain¡ anypartides

of ¡roo they will infAllibly adhere to the magnet

01'

bar,

O[ Tin Om,

T r

is never fouod in the eanh pure and malleable,

VOL ,

11. No, 34'

r05

but al\Vays in a mineralllate, and al way.1 ."inmli fed by

arfenie, Tln ores are not fu lphureous ; whenee' it

coI1l~s

that Ihuugh tiu be the lighlel! of all metals, its ores are

neverthelcls heavier than thofe of olher metals, as

arf~nie greatly exceeUs fulphur in gravity, Some tin ores

eontai n allo a liule iron, The ores of lin are 10 be

\Van'ed, roaned, and fmelted with a redueing flux, ae–

eording

Ih~

general rules ,

Lúld Om,

LEAD, like tin, is never found but in a mineralllate,

1t is mon eo",",only mineralifed by fulphur; yet there

are fome lead ores whieh alfo eonlain arlenieo

Lead ores, as well as

.11

olhers, muf! be roáaed and

fmelted witlr a redueing flux: however, as il is dillieult

to free Ihem from all Ihei r lulphur by tOrref,aian unly,

the reoueing fl ux employed in Iheir (uGon may be made

up \Vid, a quanlily of iron 6lings, \Vhich being incapable

of any union with lead, and having a mueh greater allioi–

ty th.n Ihat mm l with fulphur, will on this oeeaGon be

of great ferviee by interl'0¡'ng between them,

~id-Silver

Om,

RU NN ING

nrereury is fonretimes founo in certain

eanhs, or grey friable Hones; but moll eommonly in

mineral am,

is always Olineralized by folphur, ana

by fulrhu r alolle: fo Ihat einabar is Ihe only ore ,of

quiek·filver that we knolV of : and a very rieh one it is,

feting it eontains Gx or feven times as mueh mercury

fulphur.

Roalling can be of no ufe towards deeompofing lhe ore

of mercury, and feparating its fulphur; heeaufe mereury

being itfelf very I'olatile would be earried off by the fire

togelher wirh Ihe fulphur,

order ¡herefore to

Ihe two fu ','!anees of whieh ein,bar conGns, ,eeourfe

mun neeelfarily be had

fome third body, which

will unile wilh one of them, and by Ihat meaos feparate

it from the olher, Nowall the metal,. exeept gold,

having a gremr allinily Ihan mereury IVith fulphur, fueh

a body is eafil y found: any melal but gold may be em–

ployed wilh fuceels in this decompofilion ; but

iron

halh a greater allinity wilh fulphur Ihan .any of Ihe

r~ll,

and is, moreover, Ihe only one that cannot unite wilh

mereury, it mun, on aeeount of thefe two qualilies, be

preferred to

.11

the reU,

Fixed alkális are alfo \Vell qualilied to abforb the fuI–

phur of cinabar, Cinabar mull he deeompounded

clofe velfds, and by Ihe way of dillillation: od,erwife

tbe m"rcury, as foon as it feparates from the fulphur,

\ViII be diflipated in vapouT! and entirely

1011,

lo this operation i, is needJefs 10 add eitber flux or

phlogilloll; beeaufe the einabar is deeolllpofed witl,oUl

melliog, aod the mereury, though in a mineral nate,

contaios, like gold and fi lver, all Ihe phloginon requifile

to feeure in meíallioe prnperries ,

Ihe

R:guluJ

o[ Anlil/lorry,

R EGULU S

of antinrony is al\Vays found in.• mineral

llote : it is nrinerallfed by fulphur : but fon,etimes, tho'

rard)' , it is alfo eombined wirh a li,tle arfenie;

When Ihe ore .of rcgul"s of antimooy is to be

d~com-

poCed,