1000000030

nudy chemin r), io helpiog them tOform a jull idca of

rhe rel.tlOos whi.:h di!ferent fuhlhoces have with one

another ; ano the praélical chemin wi ll rhmby

lJc

eo–

abkd ro accu'lIlt fur II'hat pa!fcs io fel'eral of his opera–

tioos. olherwife dillicult

ue unJerOnod, a, \Vdl as 10

judge what may be expeéled ro refulr from mixlures of

diR~reor

compouods. T hefe reafoos have ioductd us ro

jofen ir at Ihe eod of this e1emeorary treatife. and

~ive

a /hon explaoation of it here ; tfpecially as il

\Viii

ferve at the flme time for a recapitulation of the I.hole·

work , in whieh the fdera l axioms of Ihis table are di–

fperfed. See Plate LXV.

The upper lioe of Mr Geofl'roy's table eomprehends

feveral fuuflaoccs ufed inehemiflry.

nder each of tbofe

fuulhoees are raogcd in diflinél columns feveral matlers

compared wilh Ihem, in the orcer of their relalioo to

thal lirfl fubOance; fo as that which is the nearell to it

is Ihat whieh hath Ihe grealen alliniry wilh ir, or thac

whieh none of Ibe fublhoces nanding below it Can fepa–

tile Ihertfrom; but which, 00 Ihe contrary, feparale,

themall \Vheo Ihey are combined wirh it. and expels

them in order

joio itfelf thercwilh. The fame is 10

be undcrllood .of Ihal which

~ccu pies

Ihe fecond place of

alfinily; lb" i,. il hds Ihe fame propeny wilh regard 10

all bclow il, yiel !iug onlyto Ihat which i, above ic: and

fo of all Ihe ren.

Al Ihe 10p of Ihe firn column flands Ihe chméler

which denol<s ao acid in general. Immedimly under

this Ilands Ibe mark of a fixed alkali, beir.g placed Ihere

as the fublboee which has Ihe gremfl aRinily with ao

acid. Afler Ihe fixed alkali, appears Ihe volalile alkali,

whofe e/!ioilY wilh

acid~

yields only 10 Ihe fixed alkali.

Next come Ihe abforbenl emhs ; aod, lan of all, metallic

fubOaom. Heoce il follows, Ihac \\'hen a fixed alkali

¡, uoiled wilh ao acid, it caoool be fepar:ned cherefrom

b)' any olher Cuullance; Ihat a \'olalile alkali uoiled \Vilh

ao aeid Cánoot bc reparatCd from il by any thiog but a

/lxcd .Ikali; Ihal 30,bforucO! eanh comuioed wilh ao

ac;~

mal' be (eparated fram it eilher hv a fixeá or by ,

vnldlile alkali;. and 1.100y, Ihat aoy mmllic fubnaoc.

cOnlbioed IVilh ao 3eid. may be

fcp~rated

from it uy a

fixed alkali, a volalile alkali, or an auforbeot eanh.

:\1 Ihe hc,d of Ihe (econd collimo !hoós Ihe charaéler

of Ih! marill<' acid, which

figoifi~s

Ihal Ihe .lIioilies of

this ,cid are Ihe (ubjcél of Ihe Ctllumo. l mmedimlv he-

101. il i, placed the mark of lin. As Ibis is a meláJlioe

fubllaoee, aod as thc fir/\ enlumn rlam metallioe fob–

flaom io the 10IVen dcgrce of arliouy wilh all acirls, ir

pl.io

we mún fuppore fixed alkalis. volalile alkalis,

aod abforbeol earrhs, tobe placed here io order after Ihe

marine acid, . aod before

·~o.

Tin, Ihen, is of . Ir me–

callioe fubfiaom Ihal whieh hos Ihe grealel! a/!inilY willr

Ihe marioe acid; aod Ihen follow regllllls of anriOlony,

copper, filver mercllry. Gold comes laO of all; and

there are 00 lefs Ihao IWO vacaOl places above il. By

lhis meaos it is io fome fOTt excluded from the.raok of

fobfhoces Ihat have ao allioity lVilh the marioe acid.

T he reafoo Ihereof is, chat chis acid alone is nOI capable

of diAolving gold and combining therelVith, oecefl'arily

requiriog for Ih. t purpore che aid of Ihe nitrous acid, or

a.:

¡call.of

phlogifloa.

The third column exhibir, the atlioilies of Ihe oitrou,

aciJ, Ihe charaller whercof flaods at ir, head. Imme–

diJlely b..JolV il is the fign of iroo, as the metal whicn

has Ihe gremOallini l'y wilh Ihis

~cid;

and Ihen follolV

olher melals, eaeh accordine 10Ihedcgreeof ils rdatioo,

viz .

coppcr, Icad, mercury, aod fi lver. In Ihis eolumo,

a, in Ihe prccedi ng ooe, we muf! ftl ppofe the CuuOaom,

whieh in Ihe firn columo fl ,¡od abore mm llic fubflanm ,

placcd io Iheir proper or,lcr beforeiroo.

The fcunh column is ioteoded 10 reprefeol rbe aRini–

lies of Ihe vitriolic acid. The phlogillon flaods upper–

m~O .

Bclow ic the fixed alblis, volalile alkalis, anel:

.hforbenl earths. 10 /hew tha! Ihis is . n exceplion toIhe

firn column. tls

melaJlinefubllaoces, Mr Geoffroy has–

fel down b'll lluee, beiog Ihofe wilh which Ihe virriolic

acid has Ihe moO pereepliblea¡¡¡ nity: IheCe melals, plaeed'

io Ihe order of rheir a/!ioities, are iron, copper, and

fi lver.

T he fiflh columo /hews the , /!in;lies

auforbenc

earrhs. As Ihefe earths ha.e 00 feofible allloily bUI with

acids, Ihis 'columo comains only Ihe charaélers of rhe

acids raokcd according to the degree of

rh~ir

IIreogllt, o,

allioily " ith Ihe emhs,

vii .

Ihe vitriólic, Ihe nitrous,

and Ihe marine acid..

nderoealh Ihis lan Olight be

pl.ced Ihe acid of vinegar, or Ihe vegelable acid.

T ite fi xlh eolumo exprefl'es Ihe aRioilies of fi xed alka–

lis with .cid" which are Ihe fame wilh Ihofe of abfor–

bent emhs. Moreover, we fiod fulphur placed here be–

InwalJ Ihe acids; becallfe

li.er

of fulphur, which is a

combin' liooof fulphur wilh a fixed . Ikali, is aélually de.

compounded by aoy acid: for aoy acid

plecipilatC~

Ihe

fulphur

~od

unile, wilb Ihe alkali.

Immedialely o'er Ihe fulphur, 01' in Ihe fame fquare

",¡th ir,

mi~ht

be fet a mark denotiog the volatilé fui –

phureous fpiril; becaufe. likefulphur, it has lefs aRinily

rh,o any olher acid wilh fi xed alkalis. Oils mighl alfo

raoked wilh fulpYl ur. becaufe Ihey uoile wilh fixed al–

kalis, .od Iherewilh form foaps which aredecompouoded

by aoy

~cid

whmrer.

11,. feveolh column

p~iOt9

out the aftioilies nf ' olatiJe

alkalis, which are Iikewife Ihe fame as Ihofe of abrorbeol

earth,; aod lhe veger:rble acid mig:u be placed here alfo

under Ihe marine acid.

The eighlh columo fpecifies Ihe a/!ioili., of

melalli~

fubn. om wilh aci<l5. The affioitie, of Iheacid9, which

wilh refptél 10 6xed .Ik.lis, volatile all:al¡" and abfor–

beol earths, Cucceed each other Ilniforrnly, do 001 ap–

pear in Ibe fame order here. D e marine acid, inllead

of being placed belolV Ihe vitriolie aod oitroll! acid,.

nands, 00 Ihe contrary, at Iheir head: becaufe, in fM!,

~¡js

aeid Ceparates mmllioe fubfl'oces rr?mall Ihe olher

acids wilh ",hieh Ihoy happen to be unired, and, forcing

Ihefe acids 10 qllit pomAioo, intrudes iOlo cheir place.

Ne.enheleCs. this' is 001a geoeral rule; for Cevm l me–

lallioe fubOance! n,un be exaepled, panicularl)' iron aod

copper.

The oinlh column declares the 3/1inilies of ftllphur.

Fixcd .Ikalis, iron, copper, lead, filver, regulus of ao–

limoo ', mcrcury, and gold, naod below it io the order

of Iheir aRioities. '\Vilh regard 10 golH, il mun

ob–

íi:rved,

tha!

it will

DO!

unite witb ElIrc fulp,bor

irfuf-

ún