1000000030

The

f~liv~,

the panereatiejuiee, and efpeciall ythe hile,

are f..ponaecous "qul'rs;

th~t

is, Ihey confin of f:dioe

~od

oily partides eombined logelher ; fo Ihat beiog Ihrm–

felves

dilrolv~d

io an aqucous li'luor, Ihey are capable of

dilrolviog likewife the oily

p~rts,

and of rcnderiog Ihem

mifeible wilh waler.

Lanl)', T he blcod beiog Ihe

recc.rI~

c1e

of all th&

Iíquors, pamkes of Ihe nalure of eaeh, more or

t.rs

proponion 10 Ihe quaolilyIhereof which it eomains.

Th(

ANALYS IS

M, NERAL

S UBST ANC ES.

MI NERA LS

differ greatly from

v~getablcs,

and from

animals ; theyare not near fo complex .s thofe organizcd

bodies, and their principies are much more fi lllplc ;

wh~pce

it follows, that tltefe principies are 1l111ch more

clol¡'¡y conot1lcd,

~od th~t

Ihty COOOOt be

fep~rated

\Vilhout the help of fire ; which not

h~villg

00 their part5

the

f.me

aé!ioo

~oo

Ihe fame power

00 orgJnized bo·

dies, halh not the (ame ill elfré! on them; we meoo Ihe

d!<a

of ehanging their principies, 01' even dellroying

dwn

entirely.

- \Ve do 001 here

fpe~K

of pure, ,.itrifiable, 01' rcfrae–

tory earrhs: of mere metals and femi-metals; of pure

aeids; 01' eveo of their fi mplen eombioalioos, fueh

(ulphur, vitriol, alum, fea·f.t1r: Of all Ihefe we have

faid eno"gh.

We are now to treal of bodies

Ih~t

are more eomplex,

and Iherefore more fufecplible of deeompofil ion. Thefe

hodies are eompound malfos or eombioalions of thofe

above-menliooed; that is, metallie

fllbfl~necs

as theyare

found in Ihe bowels of Ihe earth, IIniled with

frver~1

fons orraod, nones, earths, femi·melals, fulphur,

&c.

\Vheo the metallie matter is e0mbined with ollter mat–

~ers

in fuch a proponion 10 rhe ren thal il may he fepa.

m~d

from lhem wilh advamagc and pr061, Ihefe eom

.pt,unds are ealled

oru :

when Ihecafe is olherIVife" Ihey

are called

fyrilo,

and

m" reajilU;

efpeeially if fulphur

or arCtnie be predominanl Iherein, whieh oflen happens.

In arder 10 analyfeao ore,' and get OUI of illhe

m~lal

it eomains, Ihe fidl Ilep is 10 free it f, oma greal deal of

eorth aod Ilones whieh eommonl)' adhere10 il vcryOighl–

ly and fuperoeially. This is

d'~é!ed

by pounding Ihe

ore, and then \Valhing il in W:ller; to Ihe bouomof

whieh Ihe melalline parlS prefently fi ok, as bcing Ihe hea–

. iell, while Ihe fmall partides of eanh and Ilone remain.

fufpended fome lime looger.

Thus the metallie pan is left enmbined wilh fueh

m~l

rers only as

~re

moll intlln.llcI}' eompliealed wilh' il.

T hefe lublbnees art litoll eommonly fulphur and arfenie.

Now, as Ihey :lre mueh more "nl' lile Ihan olher mineral

ntanClS, they may he d:lfipared in val'0urs, or Ihe ful–

phur may be eonfumed, by expofing Ihe ore whieh eon–

tains Ihem10 a proper degree of hcal.

Ihe ful phur

antl arfeme be'defircd by Ihemfelves, Ihe fumes Ihercof

mal' be e?lchetl a.·d eolleEted io proper vclfcls :lnd places,

This

op~wino

~alltd

ro4ling

in ore.

T he mm

Ihlls drpurared is now filIo be cxpofcd to

grem r force

fire, eapahle of mellinn il.

0 0Ihis oeeafiun Ihe femi melals antl .he imperfeé! me–

tals require Ihe . ddilion of fome maller abounding in

phlogilloD, panieulatl yebarcoal·dufl

bceaufe thefe

me-

°3

lallie fubllanees lofe Iheir phloginon hy Ihe aé!ion of Ihe

fire, or of Ihe fiuxes joined with thcm, lInd tI,erel¡,re

WilhoUl Ihis preeaulion would never lIequire ¿ilher Ihe

fpkndor or Ihe duélililY of a melal.

Ihis

me.ns

Ihe

mClallie f"hllanee is more aceuralely feparaled from Ihe

eanhy ao<l Uooy parls, of ",hieh fume portion .1\Vays re–

mains eomhined IhereIVilh lill il is hrought 10

ful;~n.

Fur, as we obJerved befo re, a melallie glafs or ealx only

will eommél an union wilh fueh matters; a metal puf–

felfeu of ils phlog,non and melalline form being uuerly.

ineapable Ihereor.

We 100k nOliee of the caufe of Ihis feparalion ahove,

where we lhewed thJI a mml pulfdfcd of ils phlogillon

and melalli oe form will nOI remain imimalelyuniled \Vilh

any ea\cined 01' viuified maner, nOI even with ils OWD.

ealx Or glafs.

The melal therefore on Ihis occafion galhers inlo

mafs, and lies al Ihe bOllomof Ihe velfd , as

bein~

0101/

ponderous ; whileIhehererogeneous

m~lters

fioal upon il

in Ihe furm of a glafs, or a femi-,·ilrilieation. There

fio.!ting mallers 1.lke Ihe name of

feori.t,

ano Ihe metal–

lin~

f"bUanee al bouom is called Ihe

flguluJ.

frequentlyhappens, lhar the melalline regulus Ihus

preeipitated. is itfelf a eompollnd of feveral metals mixed

togelher, whieh are aflerwards 10 be feparated.

JI is proper 10 ohferve, before we quil this

fuhj~ét,

th"l the rules

h~re

laid down {or analyling ores are not

abCollllely general : r or example. il is afIen adviff.;¡ble·

10 roal! Ihe ore.before you walh it; for by Ih. 1means

fome ores are0l,ened, allenllaled, and made vcry fri.lble,

which would con mueh

Irou~le

and expenee, on aeeounl

of rhei. exeeffivehardnefs, if you lhould mempl to pound

Ihem'IVithoUI a previous torrefité!ion.

is allo frequently neeelfary 10 feparalethe ore from.

part only of ils 1I0ne ;

fO)1leli~les

la leave Ihe whole ;

and fomelimes 10. add more 10 il, befare you fmell il•

This depends on Ihe gualily of Ihe Ilone, whieh al" ays

helps 10 promole fufion when il is in ils own

n~lure

fll–

fiole and vilrifidu\c :

is Ihen ealleu Ihe

fI:m

oí Ihe ore.

We O,all now give a fu" inét aceouol of' Ihe principal

ores and mineral budies, eomenting ourfelves wilh juíl:

poinliug out Ihe partieulars-of whieh Ihey fcverally eoo–

fill.

0/ ¡h.

y R

T ES.

'Th.

r,/llJ'tv

PJrilrI .

T u

yellow pyriles is

mineral eonfiOing of fulphur,

iron, nuonletallieean h, and frequentlya lillle eopper:

The fulphur, ,vhieh is Ihe onlyone of Ihefe prin.iple!

thar is

vol~lile,

may be feparaled from Ihe ren by fubli–

malion :

ufually makes a founh , and fom erimes a

Ihird, of Ihe whole w"ighl of Ihefe pyrilcs. The olher

principies are feparaled from ooe anOlher by fufion and

rcdué!ion wilh Ihe phlogiflon, whieh, by ml:tallizing the

ferfuginous and euprco.,s carrhs. pans Ihem from Ihe

unmm llie carrh : for Ihis carrh

viII

ifirs, aOll eannol af–

lerwards eonlinue uniled wilh metallie mmcrs polfclfed

of Iheir mel. lline farOl

There is yel aoolher way of deeompofing the yeIJow

pyriles, whieh is tOlet it lie liJJ it emorefees, or begins