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e H E M
OfTARTAR.
T III! fub!hoce is a (¡Iine compollnd, confill,ng of
e:mhy, oily, and cfpccially acid pms lt is found in Ihe
form of cruns, adbering to the Inner fidcs of vefi~ls in
"hich wines have 1I00d for fome time, particul.rlyacld
wincs, fuch as thofe of Germany.
Tartarderives its origin from the fnperabundant quan·
tity of the acid cont,lincd in the juice of the grape.
Tnis fuperfluous acid, being more Ihan is rcqui!ite 10
conllitute the ardent fpiril, uniles lVith Come 01' Ihe oil
and earth ~ontained in Ihe fermentcd liquor, and forms
a kind of Calt; whicb for fome time continues fufpended
inthat liquor, but, when the wine !lands ulldillurbed in
a coo: place, is depoGted, as hath been faid, on the fides
of Ihe Canto
\Vhen it is pnri6ed, there appears on the furface oC
the liquor a IOr! of while cry!!alline pdlicle, wJlich is
Ikinlmed off as it forms. This m. tter is called eNO/JI
.f lorla,. The fame liquor which produces this cream,
and in"which the purified tartar is dlnulved, bcing fet to
eool, yields a great number of white Cemi"tranfpmot
er)"!\.Is, which are ealled e"Jla/¡ of la,lor. The
creJO! and the cryllals of tartar are therefore 110 other
than puri6cd tanar, and diITer from each other iD their
furm only.
Though the cryaal! oC tanar have every appearance of
a neutral yet they are Car from being fuch; for
ti:ey have all the properties of a true acid, \Vhich fcaree
¡JiITers from thu of vinegar, except that it contoins lefs
w~ter, and more edrth and oil; tOwhich it owes its folid
form, as well as its propertyof not being foluble in water
without much diflicnhy: for a \"ery great quantity of wa·
t..:r is requifite tO kecp the of tamr in folution ;
.nd it mull moreover be boiling hot j ot\lerwife as foon
as it eools moa of the tartar dill'olved io it feparms from
the-liquor, aad falls to thebottom in the form of a white
fowder.
Tartar is decompofid by calcination in the open fire.
AII ¡t.s oily parts are confumed or dillipated in fllloke,
togetbcr with mo!l of its .cid, The other pan of <ts
acid, uniting intimately with its earth. forms a very
llrung and very pure 6xed alkali, caIled foil of 1.,.lur.
h \ViII be {h~wn in its proper pl~ce, that almoll every
•egetab!e maller, 's well as tartar, leave. a 6xed
in in ailies: yet tartar has theCe peculhr propenies ;
(¡rll, it atrumes an alkaline char.éler even when burnt or
COllcined tn c10Ce vetrcls, whem,s other fub!lances ac·
quire it only by heing hurm in Ihe open air; fecondl: .., the
of t.lrtar is IIronger and more Caline thao almo!!
"ny that is obt,ined from olher-matters.
This alkali, wheo thoroughly calcined. powerfully at–
tratls the mo;lIure of the air, aod mehs ioto an unéln·
"US alkaline liquor, improperly called Di! D( 10"" per
ddiquium. Tl,is is the albli generally ufed in;making the
Irrra fDliall, mentioncd nndel" the head of vinegar; for
'tI'hich reafoo this combinationiscalled I"rafoliolo 10,1., i.
Crylhls of tartar combined with alkali of tartar pro·
duce a great eITerveCcencc while they are mixing, as all
acid, uCuaJl¡ dn; and if the combination be brought ex·
~~\ly up tO !he point of f;¡¡uratioa. a pelfetll, Deutr~l
s T R Y.
fah is Cormed, which iliuots into cryllak, and eafily dif.
fulves in water; and this h,lth prolurcd it the of
folublt la,lu,. lt is allu ,,1I(d the "'golobl, j,ll ,
as being obtdined from vcgetablc$ o"ly; and ag"in
la,larijed larlur, bec.U1Ce it conli!!s a( the acid and
the of tartar cc,mbin~d together"
Cryllals of tarta.' combined wtth alkalis procured fron¡.
the ;llh" of fta·weeds, C"ch., C"da, wluch alkalis re·
femille dIe Lafis of Cea· form Ilkewife a neutral falt,
which ~ryll:tllim well, and dltrolvtS e.fily in water.
This fah is anuther fort of fuluble tactar. lt is calleu
Saignellt'! (,,11, f,om Ihe invemor', namc .
Tartar likewife dtffolves theabfolbent earths, as lime,
chrJk, &e. and with them forUlS neutral which are
(¡I"ble iD water. It even amcks mmllic bodies, and
" ..ben combined with thcm becomes folnble. A Lluble
artar (or medical ufe is prepared with cry!l. ls of tanar
anJ iron: the metaJlic C.h thcrtby producld hath the
name of eDo"htaltd folublt 1"10'. This falt amaéls
the modlure of the air, and is one of thofe whleh do noC
cryll,I1lzt.
Cry!l. lIized tartar atls alCo uron Cevml other metanic
fubllanccs: for inllance, it ditrol.e! the regulus, liver,
and gllCs of antimony, and thcnce acqoires ~n emetic qua–
Jjty: It is then called jiib,al,d, ar ",,,Iie 10,1.,. lt
likewiCe dilfolves le.d, and thmwith forms a Calt which,
in the figure of its cryllals, refembleí tartariled t~rtar.
!t is very clmaord'aary, that tanar, which of icfdf is
oOt foluble in \\ ater, nlOuld be foluble thmin when be–
come a neutral falt uy uniting eidler with alkalis or witn
abforbent emhs, or even with mmls. AII the foluble
tartars are eafily decompounded by expofing them tO a
cenain degm 01" heat. In dillillation they yleld the fame
principl:s which are obtained froll1 tartar; and what re·
mains fixed io che 6re, afler they are thoroughly burot,
is a compouad of the alkali which t.rtar ndturally pro·
duces, .lId of the alkaline or metallie fubllanc~ Wilb
which it was converted ioto a neutral falt ,
As eryllaJ of tartar is the we.kell of .11 acids, on ac–
count of the oily ~nd earthy matters with which it is como
bined, foltlble tanars are dccompounded by a11 the acids;
by aay of which cryllal of tanar may be feparated froln
the fubllancc that lervcs it fOf a bafis and renders it a
neutral
qr tbe Putrid Fml/elltation, or Plllrefamon..
EVHY body which hath gone through the t\Vo lbge,
of fermentatioo abo.e defcribcd, that is, the fpiritlluos
and the acctous fermentation, bciog left"toitCelf in a duc
degree of warmth, which varies according to the fubjtél,
adVances 10 the lall of ferOleotatioo ;"thal is, to pu–
tref.élion.
When a body is in a putrefying fiare, it is eafy to dif–
cover, by the vapours which rife froOl it, by the 0PdCity
which invades it, ifa peJluciJ liquor, aod frequently even
by a greater degree o( heat than is found io the tlVO o·
ther foru of fenDentation, Ulat ao intelline motioo i$ be–
gun among ils conHitueot parts, 'which lafts till the whole
be entirely putre6ed. •
The elIeét of tbis iotelline molion' is 10 break the–
unían,