116 / 1042
e
H
E M
imimmly
mix~d
by
di!lillalioo, Corm a liq uor flighdy
Rcid, uCed in medicine, aod koowo by theoame
oC
/umt
or
¡/I/!e!ptdJpirit
of
"i,,,:
a vcry propcr oame, ,féc.
iog the nmous aciJ, by uniliog with Ih. Ipiril of wine,
a~I,,¡ lIy
lules almoll all ils aciJily ".nd corrolive qilalily.
FiClhly, when Ihe ditlillalion is liñdhcd, Ihm «maios
in Ihc bolto",
oC
the vetlcl a thick, bJ.tckilh C"bllaoce,
ncarly rclembling Ihat which is Couod aCler dillilling oil
of vitriol antl fpiril of wine.
Spirit of Call halh likewiCc been combined with Cpirit
of wine; but it does OOt uoite therewilh
Co
ealily or
Co
iotimately as the two a,ids aboye llIeotioocd. To mix
them thoroughly, the Cpir!t of Calt mull be highly con·
ceotrmd, aod Imoking; and moreover the al\iltaoce of
the lIill mull be calJed io. Some amhors prctend, Ihu
from Ihis mixture alCo a CmalJ quanlityof otl maybe ob·
taioed; whieh probably happens wheo Ihe liquors have
the qualilics aboye Cpecified. The m,lrine ac;d likewiCe,
hy upiting wilh Cpirit
oC
wine, 10Ces mo!l of ils acidity;
~n
whtch accouot it is
in
like manner calJed
¡,u(C(
or
tlllleijied fpiril oi Jall.
A
thick rc!iduum is altu found
here after diflillation.
O[
¡be
A
e
E T
o
U
s
FE R M E N T A T IO N.
RESIDE Sao ardent Cpirit, wioe afl'o:ds a great deal of
water, oil, earth, aod a
COrt
of acid which fl,alJ be coo·
fidered preCeody. Wheo theCpiriluous part is Ceparated
from theCe other maners, theyuodergo nu Curther change.
But If alJ the cooailueot parlS of IVioe remain combined
togelher, Ihen, after Come time, Ihorter or looger as Ihe
4egree of heat io which thewine aaods is greater or leCs,
the Cermeotatioo begios afrelh,
or
rather arrives at ils
{ecood !lage. The liquorooce more grows turbid, a oelV
iotefline mOlioo ariCes, and afler Come days it is fouod
chaoged ioto ao acid; wbich, however, is very difl'e·
rent from thoCe hilherto trealed of. The liquor then
takes the oame of
vintgar.
The acetous fermeolatior,
difl'ers from Ihe Cpirittlous, OOt ooly io its elfeél, but al·
fo io
Ceveral.ofits concomilaot circumllaoces. Moderale
mOlioo is of Cervice tO this, \Vhereas it obllruéls the Cpi.
rituous; aod it is atteoded witb much more warmlh than
the Cpirituous. The vapour! it produces are OOt ooxi·
ous, like thoCe of (ermeoliog IVioe, Laflly, Vioegar
depofites
00
tartar, eveowhen the wioe employed io Ihis
operation is quite oew, aod hath not had time tOdiC·
charge il! tart.r: ioaead of tartar, vioegar .depofites a
viCcid matter which is
very
apt to putrify.
Of
V
I N E GH.
Ir wioe, IVhich has gooe through this recood aage of
fermentation, be diailled, iollead of ao ardent Cpirit,
only an acid liquor is obtaioed, which is called
dijli/ltd
vintgar.
Tltis acid has the Came properties as Ihe mioeral acids
i
that is, il uoites with alkalioe Cahs, abCorheot earths,
aod metaJlic Cubllaoces, aod therewith forms neutral Ca·
lioe combioatiooi.
lts a¡¡¡oity with theCe Cubflances obCerves Ihe Carne oro
der
as
Ihat obC.rved by the mineral acids with regard to
VOL.
11. No. 34·
3
s
T
n'
Y.
97
the Carne Cubaaoces
i
but in geoeral it is \Vcaku: Ihat is,
any mioeral acid is capable of expelliog the acid of vioe·
gar ou t of all matlers with which it is unitecl.
Vinegar hath likewiCe a greater aRini'.y thao fulphur
wilh , Ikalis: whence it follows, Ih" it is cap,llle of de·
compouoding that combinaliao of Cnlphur with ao alkali
callcd liver of Culphur, and of precipilatiog the Culpbur
it coolaios .
The acid of vioegar is always c10gged with a certain
proportioo of oi ly parts, which gready wcakeo it, and
deprive it.
oC
much of il! aélivi ly; aocl for Ihis rca(ooit il.
not oear
Co
llroog as the mioeral acids, whichare OOt en·
taogled wilh any oil. By dillilJauoo, indeed, it may be
freed from Ihis oil, aod at the Carne time from the gteat
quantity of water which io a manoer CulTocates it, aod
by
tita!
means maybe brought much nearer
10
Ihe oa–
ture of the mineral acids : bUI Ihis attempt hath OOt yet
been proCtcnted with Ihe afliduity it d&rves. Befidel
diaillarion, there is another way of freeing , inegar from
a good dcal of its phlegm; and tha! is, by expofiog it
to a hard ft
oa,
which readily coogeals
th~
watery part
ioto ice, \Vhile the acid retaios its flu idily.
Vinegar, Caturated wilh a fixed alkali, forms a oeutral
oily Calt. of a dark colour, which is femi·volatile, melts
wilh a very geode heat, flamcs whenIhrowo lIpOO burn–
iog coals, and di!fulves in Cpirit
d
wioe, of which, how.
ever, it requires fi x parts
10
complele the Colutioo. This
Colution beiog, evaporaled to drineCs leaves a maner io tbe
form of leaves Iying
00
each other ; on which account it
halh obtaioed Ihe oame of
ttrra foliala.
The lame
foliated maner will be oblained, Ihough Ihe falt be not
previouOy di!folved in Cpi,it of wioe; but not
Co
readily.
This fa h is alCo called
rrgtntraltd tartar.
Under the
head of tartar we Ihall
ree
the reaCon of thefe dilferent
appellatioos. Regcoeraleolartar is alCo io Come degree
capable of cryllaJliziog : for th's purpofe a reColution
thereof io waler mufl be flowly evaporaled tO Ihe
~n'
fi!leoce of a fyrup, aod theo CufFered tO aaod quict io a
cool place: by which meaos it will Ihoot ioto c1ullcrs of
cry(lals, Iyiog one upon another, OOt uolike the feathera
00
a quill.
Wilh vioegar and Ceveral abCorbeot earths, fuch aa
calcined pearls, coral, Ihells of filh ,
&le.
are alCo formed
neutral Calioe compouods, each of which take the oame
of Ihe particular earth employed in ils compofitioo.
Vi oegar perfeélly di!folves lead, aod CUOVerlS it tO a
neuml metallic Calt, which.lhoots iOlo cryllals, and hal
a Cweet faccharioe taae. This compouod is called
fugar
ojlMd,
or
fal Saturnio
If
fead be expoCed tO the bare vapour of vioegar, it
will be therebycorroded, calcined, aod cooverted iOlo a
while maner much uCed io paioliog, aod koowo by the
name of
ceruft,
or, wheo it is finer U,an ordioary,
whilt·ltad.
Vioegar corrodes copper likewife, aoo converts it iotll
a beautiful greeo rufl, which
alCo
is ufed io raiotiog, and
dillinguilhed by the n' me of
.trdrgrj¡ ,
HJlVever, vi·
negar is OOt commooly employed
10
make vcrdegris: for
litis pllrpoCe they uCe wine, or the rape
01'
wioe, from
which fire extrimcs ao acid aoalogous (O that of vinegar.
t
2B
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