1000000030

\lIflant~nrn\lS

unionwith it! phlur.iflon,

~Ild

evapora tes

io a

volati l~

fulphurrous Ipiril. Ir the vitriulie aód, in–

!lead of

heiu~

al'plicd qUllc pore, he firll

cI')r.~Ld

\Vitlt

fome b.dis,

cll'e~I.llI y

au alb liuc ooc. il quits Ihal 1>.lfis,

elllas 1010 a more iUlimalc ullioll IVilh Ihe rhloeilloo of

the bnrnillg coal, ,otl l•• fOllllS au ,,'1ual fulphul', willt

\Vhich Ihe alb li

OOIV

uniles and I(¡rllls a hcrar.

Th~

pUle aeid fc.I-I:dl h"h 1l0I been obfw'ed to al\

io the leall upon

chareu.tI

; efpcci.tlly when il is nOI on

file. H'Hwhen Ihis oeid is ineorporaled widl an alklline

ur mCIJllie b;tlis. alld combined

a~cordinll

10 a pecoliar

pl·(lc~fs

Wilh

hurnin~

Ch,lrC(MI,

likc

manncr qu;ts its

balis, llIliles wilh Ihe phlugillon, and thercwith fonlls a

rholphol uso

Nor has Ihe pure oitrous acid any eltd l on a clmred

co,l, el'en when ignited : and fo f.1f is it from bting

able to kinJle a col,l une, that when poured on a live

one. it extioguiOles it like water. BUI when Ihis acid

is uoited \Vilh

balis, il quits it "pidly as fOCln as il

IOlIeh<s a burning

Co.al,

antl ru!hes viulendy into an uni–

on IVlth the phlogillon thereof. h om this union there

probably arifes, as we faid before, a kind of fulphur or

pholphmns, wllich is fo inOallllll.lble as to be d.:tlroyeó

by the file the "ery momlnt it is gCllcmed.

The acids of nitre and "itriol a{t upon oils; but very

diO-"cllIl)', accolding tO the quantit yof phlegm thcy con·

tain. Ir they

awakened wllh much water, they have

00 efTdl

.111 uponoils: if Ihey eont.tio Illtle IV.Her, or

be dephkgmmd

a cemin degree, they diniJlve them

with heat, anJ IVith them form compoullds of a thick

eonfilknce_ Ae¡ds thus combined in a conliderable pro–

portion lVilh oils render Ihem foluble in water_

0i50 AP.

AL" ALt' alfo have the r.lme propcrty. When an oil

is combinerl with an acid, or an . lk,li, il1 fuch

manner

Ihat the compound r.fulting from lheir unioo is folublc in

water ; fuch a eompound may in general be

r.•

lled

fl.p .

50ap itfelf hado the propwy of rendcring fat bodies in

fome meafure fuluble in water; 00 whieh account it is

"ery ufeful for fcoll ring or cleanfing any thing greafy.

Oily.nd

f.,line fublboet's, coinbined tosed:er, obfen'e

the fdme general rules as .11 other eombinations; Ihat is,

they motually commuoicate the propcnies bdongi ng

eaeh: Ihus oils, IVhich oalurally are not folubk in w.lter,

dcquírc by their ,Inion IVith fallOe maners the propeny of

Jifi'oh'lng thereín; and

f.hs

lofe by their conjun.'1lon lVith

oilspan 01'Iheirnalur.tllclldcocy

incorp0rale",vith IV,Her ;

(,1 th.H wlllle they fene tOcooHilllte fO,IP, they do nnt, as

before, ""r.111 the moillure 01' the air,

&c.

and in like

m.lnner, as Ihey are not II1!1JmnMble, they conlider.lbly

Icilen the inll.,"uoabilítyof the oils combíned lVith them.

ilCld fllaps are drco01pflundcJ by

~Iblis,

as >.Ikalillc

f,~.lps

are by .cids, according 10 the genel :!1rules of "lIi –

nltil's.

T he acirls of nitre anel \'itriol, when

hi~hly

concen–

U.lll·J, dilú,lve "il, with fudl vlolence dS 10 hlat them,

m.lle them bl.tck, bUln them, aod eveO

f~t

Ihem011 lil e.

11011 fea-bit

.,fiLlls

oils is not yet lilllieielltly "feen.•ille.!.

AII

oils h"ve the prop'"y of ólfl'olvilrg lulphor; whldl

VOL. 11.

,). 3.1'

Il.

is not al all fllrprifing, fecing each of its,componenl prin–

cipies hath an

~llioily

with 011.

It is olfo

propmy common lOall oils tObrcome

mor~

floid, fubtile, light, al1lllimpid ,

~hc

oftener lhey are dl–

flillcd. On the

Contr.uy

, by being inwrporated with

f. line fubUallccs they acqt:ire

l:rc.ttCr confillence, amI

fOll1etimcs form compounds that are almo!l folid.

,be fc'Vcrnl

fOI

O t

LS.

OIL! are Jininguinled by the

fllbUanr.es

from which

they are <lralVn: alld as oils are extral\cd from mine..ls,

frol11 vcgetabl"s. 2nd I'rom

anim.ls

, there are of courfe

tl1il1~,.I,

vegetable, amI

anim ~

oils.

MIN ERAL O 'L S.

the bowcls of the earth IVe find but one fort of oil,

calleó

,",oh/llll:

Its fmdl is IIrong, ,nd not Jlf.:gree–

aGle, and its culour fometillles 1110re, fOl11etimes Icfs yel–

low. T hc«

dfC

certain miner;.1 fubll.lOcts II'hich yldJ

by diflillation a

grc.tt

de,l of oil rery like

petrol~um.

This fort of f"bU.loce is calleó

h"/lI/It'II,

.nd is, indeed,

nothing but an oi! rendmó

eoofil~cnt

ano f"lid by being

combioed with ao acid; as app<.trs from hcnce th.\t. by

uniting pelrol"um with the aeid of "itriol, IVe can pro–

duce al1 attificial bitumcn very like the o:'live.

VE GE TABLE O IL S.

VEG ETABLE fubfiances yield a I'ery gre,' quamily

anJ variety of oils ; fol' there is OOt a plant. or pan of

a plant, th,t docs not contain one or more

for.ts

there–

of,

gen~fdlly

peculiar tO itfelf, alld

dilfcr~nt

(rom

nll

others.

By exprellioo.only, tha! is, by brnifing and

f~uet ziog

vegetabk fubfhnces, partieulatl)" l·erl..in fruits ancll<,'tls,

a fort of oil is obtaioed \Vhich has fearce any fmcll cr

laffe. Oils of this fort are verymil.l lInd un{tuous; and,

beca"fe in this refpe{t they refemble animal fa! more than

the rell do;

th~y

a" called (.,

oi." .

T hefe oils, being expofeJ tO the air fur fome time,

fooner or later grow thick, aCI]uire an acrid ,,!le, .nd

!lron~ diEI~ree

..ble fmd!. Sume 01' thcm ,,'ugeal IVith

the lillJlI !I degree of cold. T IIIS

lo"

of oil is well ad–

apted 10 din'ulve thofe prc¡wa:ions uf btl

c,llI~d

li–

thargl anJ l11inium, \Vitll \Vhich they' form a thick tena–

cious fubfiallce, thal is ufed for the bafis 01' ,llmofl all

plJillels.

Th~y

airo di!f"lve lead in its meldlline form ,

but nOI fo eaGlyas the funs of cal, a ovc-meolioned ;

probably becaufe ils budy is nOI fo much tlp:ned, nor i"

p,lI·t5 fo dll'ided.

By eXl'reOiun .tlone \vc alfo procure

1" 0111

cemin I'ege–

table filhllaoces aootha l'un (lf oil, IVh:,-h is thin. lim–

pi,l, volatile, of a pungent

t.dk

, , ud ret.lins the fmell of

the

v~~C::t.llJlc

th.n

yiddcu

it ;

011

w:¡i¡;h

d~ú)\IIH

c.dlto an

t/J:nli,,¡ orl.

Of thls thlle

.lft

fel'Cl .tI

1;'111,

~Iitr~'rinu

frOI11 one

anothcr, hke.'

t h~

r.H

oi:,;,

JCú.lI

\li!lb

tI>

lhe

fubjc<~s

1'1 0111 II'hich th')'

.lft

ob!.lin,,!.

\Ve mull obfe"'e,

th.ll

it is "er)' .Inlicult, or r,llher in

n.oll ,.,lts impolli!>le,

r," ce f,olO lhe

~rc.ttdl

"!'

\l ~'_I

bks,

by l'xl',,:liol1 only, ..

:~I~

<,l'.:nti.\1"il th,')'

l"llnt.\lII.